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Chapitre
The Clay from which the Believers and Unbelievers are made (additional)
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1. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn al-Hakam from Dawud al-’Ijli from Zurara from Humran from abu Ja’far (a.s.) who has said the following: “Abu Ja’far (a.s.) has said, ‘As Allah, the Most Holy the Most High, created the creation. He created sweet water and a very salty water and then mixed the two together. Then He took a (kind of) clay from the surface of the earth and kneaded it intensely. He then said to the people of the right, as they crawled about like particles, “To paradise (you go) in peace.” He then said to the people of the left hand, “To the fire (you go) and I am not concerned.” Then He asked, “Am I not your Lord?” They all said, “Yes, You are our Lord we testify.” Allah said, “I make you to witness this) so that on the Day of Judgment you will not say, ‘We were unaware of this.’” (7:172) ‘Then He made the prophets to form the covenant. He asked them, “Am 1 not your Lord and is not this Muhammad, My messenger and is not this Ali, the commander of the believers?” They said, “Yes, it is just as You said.” This established their prophethood. He then made the ‘Ulu al-’Azm messengers to testify and acknowledge this fact: “I am your Lord, Muhammad is My messenger, Ali is the commander of the believers and his successors, recipients of divine supreme covenant, after him are people who possess My Authority and are the reservoir of My knowledge. That al-Mahdi (a.s.) is one whom I will make to lend support to My religion. Through him I will establish My kingdom on earth and make My enemies to face justice for their crimes. Through him I will make them to worship Me willingly or otherwise.” The prophets altogether said, “Yes, Lord we testify to these facts and bear witness.” Adam did not refuse and did not affirm (verbally) the fact about al-Mahdi (a.s.) so he was not included in the group of five ‘Ulu al-’Azm messengers of Allah. Adam did not have the resolve to affirm the facts about al-Mahdi (a.s.). Allah, the Majestic, the Glorious, has said in the Holy Quran, “We had made a covenant with Adam before but he forgot all about it and we did not find in him a firm resolve.” (20:115) He said that it was so but he ignored it. He then created a fire that blazed and told the people of the left hand to enter in the fire. They were afraid thereby. He said to the people of the right hand, “Enter in the fire.” They entered in the fire and it was cool and peaceful to them. The people of the left hand then said, “Lord, forgive us and reduce our sins.” The Lord said, “I have forgiven you but you must go in the fire.” They were afraid. Thus, with this the obedience, authority and disobedience came to take place.’”
IsnādMuhammad ibn Yahya, d'Ahmad ibn Muhammad, d'Ali ibn al-Hakam, de Dawud al-Ijli, de Zurara, de Humran, d'Abi Ja'far (que la paix soit sur lui)
Allah, le Très-Haut et Béni, lorsqu'Il créa la création, créa de l'eau douce et de l'eau salée. Les deux eaux se mélangèrent, puis Il prit de l'argile de la surface de la terre et la modela fermement. Il dit aux gens de droite, qui ressemblaient à des fourmis se dirigeant vers le Paradis, "Paix sur vous", et aux gens de gauche, "Allez au Feu, je m'en soucie peu". Puis Il dit: "Ne suis-Je pas votre Seigneur ?" Ils répondirent: "Si, nous en témoignons. Sinon, le Jour de la Résurrection, nous aurions été dans l'ignorance à ce sujet." Ensuite, Il prit l'engagement des prophètes en disant: "Ne suis-Je pas votre Seigneur ? Et que Muhammad est Mon Messager, et qu'Ali est le Commandeur des croyants ?" Ils répondirent: "Si." Ainsi, la prophétie fut confirmée pour eux. Puis Il prit l'engagement des personnes dotées de fermeté en disant: "Je suis votre Seigneur, Muhammad est Mon Messager, et Ali est le Commandeur des croyants, ainsi que ses successeurs après lui, les gouverneurs de Mon commandement et les gardiens de Mon savoir. Et le Mahdi viendra pour établir Ma religion, manifester Mon autorité, se venger de Mes ennemis, et être adoré volontairement ou non." Ils dirent: "Nous acceptons, ô Seigneur, et nous témoignons." Adam n'a pas nié ni rejeté, donc la fermeté fut confirmée pour ces cinq-là envers le Mahdi. Adam n'avait pas de fermeté pour le reconnaître, et ceci est la parole de Dieu: "Nous avions déjà pris l'engagement d'Adam, mais il oublia, et Nous ne trouvâmes en lui aucune fermeté." Ensuite, Il ordonna à un feu d'être allumé, et il fut enflammé. Il dit aux gens de gauche: "Entrez-y", ils eurent peur. Puis Il dit aux gens de droite: "Entrez-y", et ils y entrèrent, et il était frais et paisible pour eux. Les gens de gauche dirent: "Ô Seigneur, diminue-nous", Il répondit: "Je vous ai déjà diminués, allez-y." Ils eurent peur. Ainsi, l'obéissance, la loyauté et la désobéissance furent confirmées.
2. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad and Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from al-Hassan ibn Mahbub from Hisham ibn Salim from Habib al-Sajistani who has said the following: “I heard abu Ja’far (a.s.) saying, ‘There was a time when Allah, the Majestic, the Glorious, took the descendents of Adam from his back to establish a covenant with them to testify that He is their Lord and to believe in the prophethood of all the prophets. The first among the prophets whose prophethood Allah wanted them to accept through a covenant was Muhammad ibn ‘Abd Allah (a.s.). Allah, the Majestic, the Glorious, then said to Adam, “Look (to find) what you can see.” ‘The Imam then said, “Adam then looked and saw his descendents appearing as small particles that filled the sky. Adam then said, ‘Lord, how huge in number my descendents are! For what purpose have You created them and for what reason did You make them to establish a covenant with You?’” Allah, the Majestic, the Glorious, replied, “So that they worship Me and do not consider anything else as My equal and so that they believe in My messengers and follow them (for guidance).” Adam then asked, “Lord, why is it that I see certain ones of the particles are greater, others have a great deal of lights, yet others among them have very little light and still others among them have no lights at all?” Allah, the Majestic, the Glorious, replied, “Thus, I have created them to place them to test in every condition that they will live.” Adam then asked, “My Lord, will You grant me permission to speak so I may express myself?” Allah, the Majestic the Glorious said, “Speak up; your spirit is from My spirit but your nature is different from My being.” Adam then asked, “Lord, had You created them all just like each other, by the same measure, the same nature, of likewise design, of the same color, of equal life span, of equal amount of means of living they would not act against each other. No jealousy, animosity and differences would exist among them over anything.” Allah, the Majestic, the Glorious, said, “O Adam, through My spirit you just spoke and due to the weakness of your nature you made an effort to give an opinion about that of which you have no knowledge. I Am the Creator of the world. I knowingly have created each one different from the others and through My Own way I will make My commands to take effect and they will continue existing through My plans and measures. There will be no changes in My creation. I have created the Jinn and human beings only to worship Me. I have created paradise for those who obey and worship Me and follow My messengers. I have no regrets in what 1 have done. I have created the fire for those who disbelieve, disobey Me and do not follow My messengers and I have no regrets in it. I have created you and your descendents not because I ever need you or your descendents in anyway or form. I have created you and created them to test you and test them to see which ones among you do good deeds in the worldly life before your deaths. For this reason I have created the world and the life thereafter, life, death, obedience, disobedience, paradise and the fire. This is how I willed in My measure and plan. Through My all-pervasive knowledge in them I have placed differences in their forms, bodies, colors, lifespan, means of living, obedience and disobedience. I, thus, have made certain ones of them to be unfortunate or very fortunate. Certain ones among them will have eyesight or be blind, others among them will be of short size or tall ones, beautiful or otherwise, knowledgeable or ignorant, wealthy or poor, obedient or disobedient, of good health or suffering from illness, of defective bodies or free of bodily defects. In this way those of perfect bodies will look at the defective ones and thank Me for the perfect body that 1 have given them and those with defective bodies will look at the perfect ones and will pray to Me and ask Me to grant them good health and exercise patience when and in the way I test them. Thus, I will grant them good rewards. The wealthy ones after looking to the poor ones will thank Me and appreciate My favors. When the poor ones look to the wealthy ones they pray to Me and ask Me favors. It is as such so that the believers will look to the unbelievers and thank Me for the guidance that I have granted them. For such reasons I have created them. I test them in ease and in hardships and in good health that I grant them and in the matters with which I test them, in the matters of what I grant them and in the matters that 1 refuse them. I am Allah, the powerful King. It is all up to Me to allow all of My measures and plans to take form or change them as I wish to the time that I wish. I may change the sequel of the timing of my measures and plans and allow, that which comes first to come last and vice versa. I am Allah, and I execute whatever I will. I am not questioned for whatever I do but 1 question My creatures about their deeds.’””
Muhammad ibn Yahya, Ahmad ibn Muhammad, Ali ibn Ibrahim, son père, Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub, Hisham ibn Salim, Habib As-Sijistani a dit: J'ai entendu Abu Ja'far (sur lui la paix) dire: "Certes, lorsque Dieu a fait sortir la progéniture d'Adam de son dos pour prendre avec eux l'engagement de la Seigneurie pour Lui et de la prophétie pour chaque prophète, le premier à prendre l'engagement de la prophétie pour Lui était Muhammad ibn Abdullah (que la prière de Dieu et Ses bénédictions soient sur lui). Puis Dieu a dit à Adam: 'Regarde ce que tu vois.' Adam a regardé sa progéniture, qui étaient des êtres remplissant le ciel. Adam a dit: 'Ô Seigneur, combien ma progéniture est nombreuse et quelle est la raison pour laquelle Tu prends l'engagement avec eux?' Dieu a dit: 'Qu'ils M'adorent sans rien M'associer, qu'ils croient en Mes messagers et les suivent.' Adam a dit: 'Ô Seigneur, pourquoi certains de ma progéniture sont-ils plus grands que d'autres, certains ayant beaucoup de lumière, d'autres un peu de lumière, et certains n'ayant aucune lumière?' Dieu a dit: 'Ainsi Je les ai créés pour les tester dans toutes leurs situations.' Adam a dit: 'Ô Seigneur, permets-moi de parler.' Dieu a dit: 'Parle, car ton esprit est de Mon esprit et ta nature est différente de la Mienne.' Adam dit: 'Ô Seigneur, si Tu les avais créés tous sur un même modèle, avec une même mesure, une même nature, une même direction, une même couleur, une même durée de vie, une même subsistance, sans que l'un ne convoite l'autre, sans jalousie entre eux, sans haine, sans différence en rien parmi les choses, ô Seigneur.' Dieu dit: 'Ô Adam, tu as parlé avec Mon esprit et tu as prétendu à une faiblesse de ta nature que tu ne connaissais pas. Je suis le Créateur, l'Omniscient. J'ai créé différemment entre eux, et par Ma volonté, Mon commandement s'accomplit parmi eux. Ils suivent Mon plan et Mon décret. Il n'y a pas de changement dans Ma création. J'ai créé les djinns et les humains pour M'adorer. J'ai créé le Paradis pour ceux qui M'obéissent, M'adorent parmi eux et suivent Mes messagers. Je n'accorde aucune importance à ceux qui ne croient pas en Moi, Me désobéissent et ne suivent pas Mes messagers. J'ai créé toi et ta progéniture sans aucune contrainte de ta part ou de la leur envers Moi. J'ai créé toi et ta progéniture pour vous tester, pour voir qui parmi vous fait les meilleures actions dans ce monde, pendant votre vie et avant votre mort. C'est pourquoi J'ai créé ce monde et l'au-delà, la vie et la mort, l'obéissance et la désobéissance, le Paradis et l'Enfer. C'est ainsi que J'ai voulu dans Mon décret et Mon plan, par Ma connaissance parfaite parmi eux, en créant des différences entre leurs apparences, leurs corps, leurs couleurs, leurs âges, leurs subsistances, leurs obéissances et leurs désobéissances. J'ai fait d'eux des gens malheureux et heureux, voyants et aveugles, petits et grands, beaux et laids, constants et changeants, savants et ignorants, riches et pauvres, obéissants et désobéissants, sains et malades, ceux qui sont touchés par le temps et ceux qui ne le sont pas. Le sain regarde celui qui est touché par le temps et Me loue pour sa santé. Celui qui est touché par le temps regarde le sain et Me prie et Me demande de le guérir. Le riche regarde le pauvre et Me loue et Me remercie. Le pauvre regarde le riche et Me prie et Me demande. Le c
3. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn from Muhammad ibn ‘Isma’il from Salih ibn ‘Aqaba from ‘Abd Allah ibn Muhammad al-Ju’fi and ‘Aqaba together from abu Ja’far (a.s.) who has said the following: “Allah, the Majestic, the Glorious, created the creation. He created His most beloved ones from that which He loved most. What was most beloved to Him was the fact that he created His most beloved ones from the clay of paradise. He created those whom He hated most from that which he hated most. What was most hated to Him was the fact that he created from the clay of the fire and then sent them to the shadows. I asked him, ‘What are the shadows?’ He replied, ‘Have you not seen your own shadow in a sunny day that looks like a thing but is nothing? Allah then raised from them the prophets who called them to believe in Allah, the Majestic, the Glorious, as mentioned in His, words, “When you ask them who has created them they will say, ‘Allah.” (31:25) He then called them to express their belief in the prophets. Some expressed their belief as such and others among them did not do so. He then called them to express their (Wala’) belief and support to us (A hi al-Bayt). I swear by Allah, those whom He loved expressed their belief that we were the people who possess Divine Authority and only those whom He hated refused to express such beliefs as it is said in the following verse of the Holy Quran. “They do not express faith in what they before had refused to have faith in.’” (7:101) Abu Ja’far (a.s.) then said, ‘Rejection (to have faith in us) was then.’”
IsnādMuhammad ibn Yahya a rapporté de Muhammad ibn al-Husayn, de Muhammad ibn Isma'il, de Salih ibn 'Uqba, de 'Abdullah ibn Muhammad al-Ju'fi et 'Uqba, tous deux de Abu Ja'far (que la paix soit sur lui)
"Certes, Allah, le Très Haut, a créé la création, puis Il a créé ceux qu'Il a aimés parmi ce qu'Il a aimé, et ce qu'Il a aimé, Il l'a créé de la nature du Paradis, et Il a créé ceux qu'Il a détestés parmi ce qu'Il a détesté, et ce qu'Il a détesté, Il l'a créé de la nature de l'Enfer. Ensuite, Il les a envoyés dans les ténèbres. J'ai demandé : Qu'est-ce que les ténèbres ? Il a répondu : N'as-tu pas vu ton ombre au soleil, qui n'est rien ? Puis Il a envoyé parmi eux les prophètes, les appelant à reconnaître Allah, le Très Haut, et c'est Sa parole : "Et si tu leur demandes qui les a créés, ils diront : Allah". Puis Il les a appelés à reconnaître les prophètes, certains ont accepté et d'autres ont nié. Ensuite, Il les a appelés à notre wilaya (autorité), certains l'ont acceptée, et par Allah, celui qui l'a aimée l'a acceptée, et celui qui l'a détestée l'a rejetée. C'est Sa parole : "Ils ne croiront pas en ce qu'ils ont nié auparavant". Puis Abu Ja'far (que la paix soit sur lui) a dit : "Le mensonge était alors."