Les droits d'un croyant envers son frère (dans la croyance) et son devoir d'observer de tels droits

3. It is narrated from him (narrator of the Hadith above) from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Ali ibn Sayf from his father, Sayf from ‘Abd al-‘Ala’ ibn ‘A’Yun who has said the following: “Once certain individual of our people wrote to Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) asking him about certain issues and they ordered me to ask the Imam about the rights of the Muslim on his Muslim brother and I asked the Imam but he did not answer me. When I went to say farewell to him I said, ‘I asked you that question but you did not answer me.’ The Imam said, ‘I am afraid you may disregard them. Of the obligations most pressing that Allah has made obligatory upon His creature are three things: a man’s yielding to justice against his own soul so as not to accept for his brother (in belief) what he does not accept for his own self, to assist his brother with his property and speak of Allah in all conditions. I do not mean thereby, saying, ‘Glory belongs to Allah and all praise belongs to Allah. Truly speaking of and remembering Allah is to stay away from whatever He has prohibited.’”

Le contenu principal du hadith met en avant l'importance de satisfaire son frère autant que soi-même, d'aider son frère dans ses biens et de mentionner Allah en toute circonstance en respectant ce qu'Il a interdit.

4. It is narrated from him (narrator of the Hadith above) from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Hassan ibn Mahbub from Jamil from Marazim from Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) who has said the following: “Allah the best way to worship is to fulfil (protect) the rights of the believer.”

Il a dit: "Rien n'est adoré envers Allah de plus noble que d'acquitter le droit du croyant."

5. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Hammad ibn ‘Isa from Ibrahim ibn ‘Umar al-Yamani from Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) who has said the following: “Of the rights of the Muslim on the Muslim is that he must not satisfy himself with food while his Muslim brother is hungry. One must not satisfy himself with water while one’s Muslim brother is thirsty, and one must not dress up in finery while his Muslim brother is in need of clothes. How great is the right of the Muslim on his Muslim brother! The Imam then said, ‘Love for your Muslim brother what you love for yourself. Ask him when you need him and when he needs you, you must help him and do not frustrate him, but be his supporter; he is your supporter. When he is absent protect his interests in his absence and when he is present visit, honor and respect him; you are from him and he is from you. If he is disappointed with you do not keep away from him before asking him to forgive you and if he gains something, thank Allah for it. If he suffers from something then support him. If he is subjected to a plot, assist him. If a man says to his brother, fie up on you, the relation of guardianship between them remains no longer. If he says, ‘You are my enemy, one of them will become an unbeliever. If he accuses him, belief in his heart melts like salt melts in water.’ The narrator has said that it is reported to me that the Imam said, ‘The light of the believer shines to the inhabitants of the heavens like the stars shine to the inhabitants of earth.’ And he said, ‘The believer is the friend of Allah Who helps him and grants him favors. He does not say about Him but the truth and he is not afraid of any one other than Him.’”

Il a dit: "Le droit du musulman sur son frère musulman est de ne pas le rassasier tandis qu'il a faim, de ne pas le désaltérer tandis qu'il a soif, de ne pas le vêtir tandis qu'il est dénudé. Quel grand droit le musulman a sur son frère musulman! Il a dit aussi: "Aime pour ton frère musulman ce que tu aimes pour toi-même. Si tu es sollicité, réponds-lui; s'il te demande, donne-lui; ne le déçois pas en lui donnant un bien, et ne le déçois pas en le refusant. Sois son soutien, car il est ton soutien. Si tu es blâmé, ne le quitte pas jusqu'à ce que tu aies demandé son pardon. S'il lui arrive du bien, remercie Dieu; s'il est éprouvé, aide-le. S'il te demande de l'aide, assiste-le. Et quand un homme dit à son frère 'Fi!' (honte à toi), la relation de tutelle est rompue entre eux. Et quand il dit 'Tu es mon ennemi', l'un d'eux devient mécréant. Et quand il l'accuse de quelque chose, la foi se retire de son cœur comme le sel se dissout dans l'eau. Il a dit aussi: "Il m'a été rapporté qu'il a dit: "Le croyant manifeste sa lumière aux habitants des cieux comme les étoiles manifestent leur lumière aux habitants de la terre. Et il a dit: "Le croyant est l'ami de Dieu, Il le soutient et agit en sa faveur. Il ne dit de lui que la vérité et ne craint que Lui."

6. Abu Ali al-Ash’ari has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from ibn Faddal from Ali ibn ‘Uqbah from Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) who has said the following: “Of the rights of Muslin on a Muslim is to offer him the greeting of peace upon meeting him, visit him when he is ill, protect his interest when he is absent, say, ‘May Allah bless you’ when he sneezes, accept his invitation and take part in the procession for his funeral.” A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khalid from ibn Faddal from Ali ibn ‘Uqbah a similar Hadith.

Il est du droit du musulman envers son frère musulman de lui dire "Salam" lorsqu'il le rencontre, de lui rendre visite s'il est malade, de lui faire des recommandations s'il est absent, de le bénir s'il éternue, de répondre à son appel, et de le suivre en cas de décès. Un nombre de nos compagnons, d'Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khalid, d'Ibn Faddal, d'Ali ibn Uqbah, rapportent un hadith similaire.

7. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Mansur ibn Yunus from abu al-Mamun al-Harithi who has said the following: “Once I asked Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) ‘What are the rights of the believer on the believer?’ The Imam said, ‘Of the rights of the believer on the believer is to have compassion for him in his heart, assist him with his property, protect his interests in his absence in the matters of his family and support him against those who do injustice to him. If a benefit is distributed among the Muslims in his absence his believing brother should secure his share thereof. When he dies, he should visit his gravesite, must not do injustice to him, must not deceive him, must not violate his trust, must not betray him, must not call him a liar, must not say to him, ‘Fie upon you.’ If he says fie up on you then no guardianship ( Walayah ) relations will remain between them. If he says, ‘You are my enemy,’ one of them becomes an unbeliever and if he accuses him, belief in his heart will melt as salt melts in water.’”

`Alī ibn Ibrāhīm a rapporté de son père, de Ibn Abī 'Umayr, de Mansūr ibn Yūnus, de Abī al-Ma'mūn al-Hārithī, qui a dit: J'ai demandé à Abī 'Abdillāh (que la paix soit sur lui): "Quel est le droit du croyant sur un autre croyant?" Il a répondu: "Certes, parmi les droits du croyant sur un autre croyant, il y a l'amour qu'il doit avoir pour lui dans son cœur, le soutien qu'il doit lui apporter dans ses biens, le fait de lui succéder auprès de sa famille, de lui porter secours contre celui qui l'opprime, même si cela concerne des actes surérogatoires envers les musulmans. S'il est absent, il doit prendre sa part. Lorsqu'il meurt, il doit lui rendre visite à sa tombe, ne pas l'opprimer, ne pas le tromper, ne pas le trahir, ne pas l'abandonner, ne pas le calomnier, ne pas lui dire 'Fi !' (une expression de mépris). S'il lui dit 'Fi !', il n'y aura plus de tutelle entre eux. S'il lui dit 'Tu es mon ennemi', alors l'un des deux a renié sa foi. Et s'il le calomnie, la foi disparaît de son cœur comme le sel se dissout dans l'eau."

8. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from abu Ali Sahib al-Kalal from Aban ibn Taghlib who has said the following: “Once I was performing Tawaf (walking seven times around the Ka’ba) along with Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) when a man from our people came up asking me to go with him for a certain need and hinted to me for that purpose, but I did not like to leave Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) and go with him. I was still performing Tawaf when he made a gesture for the same purpose and Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) saw him and said to me, ‘O Aban, does he want you?.’ I said, ‘Yes, he does so.’ The Imam asked, ‘Who is he?’ I said, ‘He is a man from our people.’ The Imam asked, ‘Is he of the belief that you are?’ I said, ‘Yes, he is.’ The Imam said, ‘Then go to him.’ I asked, ‘Should I discontinue Tawaf?’ The Imam said, ‘Yes, do so.’ I asked, ‘Even if it is a compulsory Tawaf?’ The Imam said, ‘Yes, even if it is such.’ I (the narrator) then went with him. Later I went to meet the Imam and I said to him, ‘Please tell me about the rights of the believer on the believer.’ The Imam asked, ‘O Aban, ignore it and do not repeat.’ I said, ‘Yes, may Allah keep my soul in service for your cause, but I still like to bring up the question. The Imam said, ‘O Aban, are you ready to share with him parts of your property?’ He then looked at me and found out what was going on in my mind and he asked, ‘O Aban do you know what Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Holy, has said about the self-abnegating people?’ I said, ‘Yes, may Allah keep my soul in service for your cause, I know about it.’ The Imam said, ‘If you share with him you have not practiced self- abnegation, but you both are equal. You give him preference only if you give him from the other half also.’”

J'étais en train de faire le tawaf avec Abi Abdullah (que la paix soit sur lui) lorsqu'un homme parmi nos compagnons m'a demandé de l'accompagner pour une affaire. Il a fait un geste vers moi, mais j'ai hésité à quitter Abi Abdullah (que la paix soit sur lui) pour le suivre. Alors que je continuais mon tawaf, il a à nouveau fait un geste vers moi, et Abi Abdullah (que la paix soit sur lui) l'a vu et a dit : "Ô Aban, méfie-toi de cet homme." J'ai répondu : "Oui." Il a demandé : "Qui est-il ?" J'ai répondu : "Un homme parmi nos compagnons." Il a dit : "Il est sur la même voie que toi ?" J'ai répondu : "Oui." Il a dit : "Alors va avec lui." J'ai demandé : "Dois-je interrompre le tawaf ?" Il a répondu : "Oui." J'ai demandé : "Même s'il s'agit du tawaf obligatoire ?" Il a répondu : "Oui." J'ai donc accompagné l'homme. Plus tard, je suis retourné vers lui et lui ai demandé : "Informe-moi des droits du croyant sur un autre croyant." Il a répondu : "Ô Aban, ne les néglige pas." J'ai dit : "Oui, que je sois sacrifié pour vous." Je n'ai cessé de lui poser la question, et il a dit : "Ô Aban, partage avec lui la moitié de ta richesse." Puis il m'a regardé et a vu ce qui m'avait envahi. Il a dit : "Ô Aban, ne sais-tu pas qu'Allah a mentionné ceux qui préfèrent les autres à eux-mêmes ?" J'ai répondu : "Oui, que je sois sacrifié pour vous." Il a dit : "Mais si tu partages avec lui et ne le préfères pas ensuite, alors vous êtes égaux. Tu ne le préfères que lorsque tu lui donnes de la moitié restante."

9. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khalid from his father from Fadalah ibn Ayyub from ‘Amr ibn Aban from ‘Isa ibn abu Mansur who has said the following: “Once ibn abu Ya’fur, ‘Abd Allah ibn Talha and I were in the presence of Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) who on his own initiation said, ‘O ibn abu Ya’fur, the Messenger of Allah has said, “There are six things that if found in a person, he will be before Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Holy, to the right of Allah (to the right of the Throne of Allah).”’ Ibn abu Ya’fur then asked, ‘What are those things, may Allah keep my soul in service for your cause?’ The Imam said, ‘A man must love for his Muslim brother what he loves for the most beloved person of his family and dislike for his Muslim brother what he dislikes for the most beloved person of his family and enlighten him in Walayah (the position of people who possess Divine Authority).’ Ibn abu Ya’fur then wept and asked, ‘How does he enlighten about Walayah r T The Imam said, ‘O ibn abu Ya’fur, if he is of the same level (of belief), he should encourage him, show happiness in his happiness and express sadness if he is sad. If he has the means to facilitate him he should do so if not he should pray to Allah for him. ’ “The narrator has said that Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) then said, ‘Three things are for you and three things are for us. What is for us is that you must learn about our excellent merits, follow our footsteps and wait for our end results (Divine Kingdom) to take place. Whoever has these facts will be before Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Holy, and those below them will receive light from their light. On seeing those who will be to the right of Allah, the ones below will not feel happy because of the enviable merits of the persons above.’ Ibn abu Ya’fur then asked, ‘How is it that they will not see when they are on the right of Allah?’ The Imam said, ‘O ibn abu Ya’fur, they are veiled with the light of Allah. Are you not aware of the Hadith that the Messenger of Allah said, ‘Allah has a creature on the right of the Throne before Allah and on the right of Allah their faces are whiter than snow and brighter than the sun of the midday. Someone asks, ‘Who are they?’ It will be said, ‘These are the ones who loved each other in the Glory of Allah.’”

Ibn Abi Ya'fur a demandé: "Quelles sont-elles, que je sois sacrifié pour vous?" Il a répondu: "Un musulman aime pour son frère ce qu'il aime pour lui-même, et déteste pour son frère ce qu'il déteste pour lui-même, et lui souhaite la réussite dans les affaires. Alors Ibn Abi Ya'fur pleura et dit: 'Comment lui souhaite-t-il la réussite dans les affaires?' Il a dit: 'Ô fils d'Abi Ya'fur, s'il est dans une situation difficile, il partage son souci, se réjouit de sa joie s'il est heureux, et est attristé par son chagrin s'il est affligé. S'il a besoin d'aide et qu'il peut l'aider, il l'aide, sinon il implore Allah en sa faveur.' Puis Abu Abdullah (que la paix soit sur lui) a dit: 'Il y a trois choses pour vous et trois choses pour nous: reconnaître notre mérite, suivre nos traces, et attendre notre récompense. Celui qui agit ainsi aura une place devant Allah, le Puissant et Majestueux, et sera éclairé par leur lumière, même s'il est le plus bas parmi eux. Quant à ceux qui sont à la droite d'Allah, s'ils étaient vus par ceux en dessous d'eux, la vie ne leur semblerait pas agréable en raison de la grâce qu'ils voient en eux.' Ibn Abi Ya'fur demanda: 'Pourquoi ne les voient-ils pas alors qu'ils sont à la droite d'Allah?' Il répondit: 'Ô fils d'Abi Ya'fur, ils sont voilés par la lumière d'Allah. T'es-tu informé du hadith selon lequel le Messager d'Allah (que la prière d'Allah et Son salut soient sur lui) disait: 'Certes, Allah a créé un groupe à la droite du Trône, devant Allah et à la droite d'Allah, leurs visages sont plus blancs que la neige et plus brillants que le soleil éclatant. Un questionneur demanda: 'Qui sont-ils?' Il fut répondu: 'Ce sont ceux qui se sont aimés pour la gloire d'Allah.'

10. It is narrated from him (narrator of the Hadith above) from ‘Uthman ibn ‘Isa from Muhammad ibn ‘Ajlan who has said the following: “Once, I was in the presence of Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) when a man came and offered the greeting of peace. The Imam asked, ‘How are your brothers (in belief) whom you have left behind?’ He praised, admired and extolled them. The Imam asked, ‘Do their wealthy ones visit their poor ones?’ He said, ‘It is very rare.’ The Imam asked, ‘Do their rich ones reach out to the poor ones?’ He said, ‘It is very rare.’ “The Imam asked, ‘Do their rich ones maintain good relations with their poor ones financially?’ He said, ‘You are speaking of the moral behavior that is practiced very rarely in our people.’ The narrator has said that the Imam then asked, ‘Why do you then think they are Shi’a (Muslims)?”’

J'ai été informé par Othman ibn Isa, de la part de Muhammad ibn Ajlan, qui a dit : J'étais en présence d'Abu Abdullah (que la paix soit sur lui) lorsqu'un homme entra et le salua. Il lui demanda comment il trouvait ses frères. Il répondit : Il les loue, les purifie et les soutient. L'homme lui demanda comment les riches visitaient les pauvres parmi eux. Il répondit : C'est rare. Il demanda ensuite comment les riches voyaient les pauvres parmi eux. Il répondit : C'est rare. Il demanda alors comment les riches étaient liés aux pauvres en termes de biens. Il répondit : Tu te souviens des bonnes manières, mais elles sont rares chez ceux qui sont avec nous. L'homme demanda : Comment ces gens prétendent-ils être des partisans (shi'a) ?

11. Abu Ali al-Ash’ari has narrated from Muhammad ibn Salim from Ahmad ibn al- Nadr from abu Isma’il who has said the following: “Once I said to abu Ja’far (a.s.) ‘May Allah keep my soul in service for your cause, there is a great number of Shi’a in our area. The Imam asked, ‘Are their rich ones kind to their poor ones? Do their virtuous ones forgive their sinful ones? Do they assist each other financially?’ I said, ‘No, they do not do so.’ The Imam said, ‘They are not Shi’a. Shi’a are those who do these things.’”

J'ai dit à Abi Ja'far (que la paix soit sur lui): "Puissé-je être sacrifié pour vous, certes, parmi nous, les partisans (Shi'a) sont nombreux." Il a répondu: "Est-ce que le riche est généreux envers le pauvre, et l'homme bienfaisant pardonne au malfaiteur et ils se soutiennent mutuellement?" J'ai dit: "Non." Il a dit: "Ce ne sont pas eux les partisans. Les vrais partisans sont ceux qui agissent ainsi."

12. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Muhammad ibn Sinan from al-‘Ala’ ibn Fudayl from Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) who has said the following: “Abu Ja’far (a.s.) would say, ‘Dignify your people, honor them and do not be aggressive toward each other, do not harm each other and do not be jealous of each other. You must never be miserly and always be sincere servants of Allah.’”

Abu Ja'far (que la paix soit sur lui) disait : "Honorez vos compagnons et respectez-les, que personne parmi vous ne regarde de haut un autre, ne vous faites pas de mal, ne soyez pas envieux, et méfiez-vous de l'avarice. Soyez les serviteurs sincères d'Allah."

13. Abu Ali al-Ash’ari has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from ibn Faddal from ‘Amr ibn Aban from Sa’id ibn al-Hassan who has said the following: “Abu Ja’far (a.s.) once asked me, ‘Does your brother (in belief) come to you, stretch his hand in your pocket and take what he needs and you do not push him aside?’ I said, ‘I do not know that such things happen among us.’ Abu Ja’far (a.s.) then said, ‘There is nothing then.’ I said, ‘It is destruction then.’ The Imam said, ‘The people have not yet recieved their power of reason.’”

"Est-ce que l'un d'entre vous irait chez son frère, mettrait sa main dans son sac, prendrait ce dont il a besoin, sans le lui demander? J'ai dit: Je ne connais pas cela parmi nous. Abu Ja'far (que la paix soit sur lui) a répondu: Alors, dis que c'est la destruction! Car les gens ne seront pas épargnés s'ils ne donnent pas à leurs proches ce qu'ils demandent."

14. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from al-Husayn ibn al-Hassan from Muhammad ibn ‘Uramah in a marfu’ manner from Mu’alla ibn Khanis who has said the following: “Once I asked Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) about the rights of the believer. The Imam said, ‘There are seventy categories of rights but I will only tell you of seven; I am compassionate for you and I fear you may not be able to bear it.’ I said, ‘Yes, I will bear it, if Allah so wills.’ The Imam said, ‘You must not satisfy yourself with food while he is hungry, you must not dress up in finery while he may not have any clothes. You must be as his guide, as his shirt (a means of protection) that he wears, his tongue with which he speaks and love for him what you love for yourself. If you have a maiden servant, send her to prepare his bed and try to serve him during the day or night. If you do this you have connected your guardianship with our guardianship and with the guardianship of Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Holy.’”

Les droits du croyant sont multiples, mais parmi les plus importants figurent la compassion envers les autres, le partage avec ceux dans le besoin, l'authenticité dans ses paroles et actions, et l'allégeance envers Dieu et Ses représentants.

15. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn al-Hakam from abu al-Maghra’ from Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) who has said the following: “The Muslim is the brother of the Muslim (in belief). He does not do injustice to him, does not betray him, and does not violate his trust. It is worthwhile for the Muslims to be assiduous in maintaining good relations with each other, be kind to each other, assist the needy ones financially and be compassionate toward each other so that they can be as Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Holy, has commanded them to be, ‘Compassionate toward each other, ’(48:29) kind to one another and feel sad for their absence from them. You should be just as the group of Ansar (the supporters) was in the lifetime of the Messenger of Allah (a.s.) as mentioned in (48:29).’”

Le musulman est le frère du musulman, il ne l'opprime pas, ne l'abandonne pas, ne le trahit pas. Il est obligatoire pour les musulmans de faire preuve d'effort dans le maintien des liens, de coopérer dans la bienfaisance et la compassion envers ceux dans le besoin, de se montrer compatissants les uns envers les autres, afin que vous soyez miséricordieux les uns envers les autres, compatissants et unis, en raison de ce qui leur est arrivé en votre absence, comme l'ont fait les Ansar du temps du Messager d'Allah (que la paix soit sur lui et sa famille).

16. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from al-Nawfali from al-Sakuni from Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) who has said the following: “The Messenger of Allah has said, ‘It is a right upon a Muslim to inform his brothers (in belief) of his decision to go on a journey. It is a right upon his Muslim brothers to visit him when he returns from the journey.’”

Le Messager d'Allah (que la prière d'Allah et Son salut soient sur lui) a dit : "Il est un devoir pour un musulman, s'il veut voyager, d'informer ses frères, et il est un devoir pour ses frères, s'ils viennent le voir, de le rejoindre."