Bienveillance envers les parents

2. Ibn Mahbub has narrated from Khalid ibn Naff al-Bajali from Muhammad ibn Marwan who has said the following: “I heard Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) saying, ‘Once a man came to the Holy Prophet and said, “O Messenger of Allah, give me a good advice.” The Messenger of Allah said, ‘Do not consider anything as partner of Allah even if you are tortured with fire except when your heart is confident with belief. You must obey your parents and be good to them whether living or dead. If they order you to leave your property and family you must do so; it is of belief.’”

"Un homme est venu voir le Prophète (que la prière d'Allah et Son salut soient sur lui) et lui a dit : 'Ô Messager d'Allah, conseille-moi.' Il lui a répondu : 'Ne associe rien à Allah, même si on te brûle au feu et te torture, que ton cœur reste apaisé par la foi. Obéis et sois bienveillant envers tes parents, qu'ils soient vivants ou décédés. Et s'ils t'ordonnent de quitter ta famille et tes biens, fais-le, car cela fait partie de la foi.'"

3. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Sayf from Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) who has said the following: “On the Day of Judgment something will suddenly come behind the believer, rush him forward and admit him in paradise. It will be said, ‘This is kindness.’”

Il a dit : "Un objet ressemblant à une petite coupole viendra le Jour du Jugement et sera placé sur le dos du croyant, le faisant entrer au Paradis, et il sera dit : 'Voici le bienfaiteur'."

4. Al-Husayn ibn Muhammad has narrated from Mu’alla ibn Muhammad from al- Washsha’ from Mansur ibn Hazim from Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) who has said the following: “I asked Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) ‘Which deed is the best?’ The Imam said, ‘Prayer in its proper time, kindness to parents and hard work to strive for the cause of Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Holy.’”

J'ai demandé : "Quelles sont les meilleures actions ?" Il a répondu : "La prière à son heure, la bienfaisance envers les parents, et le jihad dans le chemin d'Allah, le Tout-Puissant et Majestueux."

5. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa ibn ‘Ubayd from Yunus ibn ‘Abd al-Rahman from Durust ibn abu Mansur from abu al-Hassan Musa (a.s.) who has said the following: “Once, a man asked the Messenger of Allah, ‘What is the right of the father on the son?’ The messenger of Allah said, ‘The son must not address his father by his name (first name), must not walk in front of him, must not take a seat before him, and must not cause people to abuse him.’”

قَالَ سَأَلَ رَجُلٌ رَسُولَ الله (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وآلِه) مَا حَقُّ الْوَالِدِ عَلَى وَلَدِهِ قَالَ لا يُسَمِّيهِ بِاسْمِهِ وَلا يَمْشِي بَيْنَ يَدَيهِ وَلا يَجْلِسُ قَبْلَهُ وَلا يَسْتَسِبُّ لَهُ.

6. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khalid from his father from ‘Abd Allah ibn Bahr from ‘Abd Allah ibn Muskan from those whom he has mentioned from Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) who has said the following: “Once the Imam spoke to ‘Abd al- Wahid al-Ansari, while I was present, about kindness to parents mentioned in the words of Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Holy, ‘Be kind to parents.’ We thought it was the verse in Chapter Seventeen that says, ‘. . . the Lord has ordained that you must not worship anyone other than Him and that you must “Be kind to your parents. . . .’ (17:23) Later I asked the Imam and he said, ‘It was verse 14-15 of Chapter 31, that says, “(Concerning his parents), We advised the man, (to be good to parents). . . . (31:14) If they try to force you to consider things equal to Me, which you cannot justify to be equal to Me, do not obey them.” (31:15) The Imam then said, ‘This shows greater significance of maintaining good relations with them in all cases.’ I asked about: ‘If they try to force you to consider things equal to Me, which you cannot justify to be equal to Me, do not obey them.’ (31:15) The Imam said, ‘It, in fact, is a command to establish good relations with parents even if they struggle to make him consider things equal to Allah. It only shows the greatness of the rights of parents.’” (Note: al-Majlisi in Mir’at al-‘Uqul has expressed concern about the authenticity of this Hadith. For details one may refer to this work.)

Lorsque j'étais avec Abd al-Wahid al-Ansari, j'ai entendu Abu Abdillah (que la paix soit sur lui) dire : "Envers les parents, soyez bienfaisants, comme l'a ordonné Allah Tout-Puissant dans le verset 'Et ton Seigneur a décrété que vous n'adoriez que Lui, et que vous soyez bienfaisants envers les parents'. Nous avons pensé que ce verset concernait les Enfants d'Israël. Quand un certain temps s'est écoulé, je lui ai demandé, et il a dit : 'C'est le verset qui se trouve dans la sourate Luqman, où il est dit : 'Nous avons enjoint à l'homme la bienfaisance envers ses parents'. Même s'ils te demandent de M'associer à Moi ce dont tu n'as aucun savoir, ne leur obéis pas. Il a dit : 'Ceci est plus grave que de leur ordonner de couper les liens de parenté. Leur droit sur toi demeure, même s'ils te demandent de M'associer à Moi ce dont tu n'as aucun savoir'. Il a dit : 'Non, au contraire, tu dois maintenir les liens avec eux. Et s'ils te combattent pour que tu M'associes à Moi, leur droit ne fera que s'accroître davantage'."

7. It is narrated from him (narrator of the Hadith above) from Muhammad ibn Ali from al-Hakam ibn Miskin from Muhammad ibn Marwan who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) has said, ‘Nothing prevents any of you from doing kindness to your parents, who are living or dead, in the form of prayer for them, giving charity on their behalf, performing Hajj and fasting on their behalf. These are things that one can do for them. He will also receive similar credit, thus, Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Holy, will grant him a great deal of good rewards for his kindness to his parents.’”

"Rien n'empêche l'homme parmi vous de faire preuve de piété envers ses parents, qu'ils soient vivants ou décédés, en priant pour eux, en faisant l'aumône en leur nom, en accomplissant le pèlerinage et en jeûnant pour eux, de sorte que ce qu'il fait pour eux lui revienne et que Dieu, Puissant et Majestueux, augmente sa piété et sa relation avec eux de manière abondante en bienfaits."

8. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Mu’ammar ibn Khallad who has said the following: “I asked abu al-Hassan al-Rida (a.s.) ‘Can I pray for my parents who do not know the truth?’ The Imam said, ‘Pray for them and give charity on their behalf. If they are living and do not know the truth, be kind to them; the Messenger of Allah has said, “Allah has sent me with (message of) kindness and not to punish.’”

Prie pour eux et fais des aumônes en leur nom. Même s'ils sont en vie et ne reconnaissent pas la vérité, fais en sorte que leur demeure soit bonne, car certes, le Messager d'Allah (que la prière d'Allah et Ses bénédictions soient sur lui et sa famille) a dit : 'Certes, Allah m'a envoyé avec la miséricorde, pas avec la désobéissance.'

9. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Hisham ibn Salim from abu ‘Abd Allah who has said the following: “Once a man came to the Holy Prophet and said, ‘O Messenger of Allah, to whom should I be kind?’ The Messenger of Allah said, ‘Be kind to your mother.’ The man asked, ‘Then whom?’ The Messenger of Allah said, ‘Your mother.’ The man asked, ‘Then whom?’ The Messenger of Allah said, ‘Your mother.’ The man asked, ‘Then whom?’ The Messenger of Allah said, “Be kind to your father.”

Un homme vint voir le Prophète (que la prière d'Allah et Son salut soient sur lui) et lui demanda : "Ô Messager d'Allah, qui mérite le plus ma bienveillance ?" Il répondit : "Ta mère". L'homme demanda : "Et ensuite ?" Le Prophète répliqua : "Ta mère". L'homme demanda encore : "Et ensuite ?" Le Prophète dit : "Ta mère". L'homme posa une fois de plus la question : "Et ensuite ?" Le Prophète répondit : "Ton père".`

10. Abu Ali al-Ash’ari has narrated from Muhammad ibn Salim from Ahmad ibn al- Nadr from ‘Amr ibn Shamir from Jabir from Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) who has said the following: “Once a man came to the Messenger of Allah and said, ‘I am interested in Jihad (joining the army) O Messenger of Allah. I am active and light.’ The Imam said, ‘The Holy Prophet said, “Do Jihad (join the army) in the way of Allah, if you will be killed you will be living with Allah and will receive sustenance. If you die you will receive your reward from Allah, and if you return you will return free from sins as in the day you were born.” The man then said, ‘O Messenger of Allah, my parents are old and they think my presence is a comfort for them and they do not like my going out.’ The Messenger of Allah then said, ‘Stay with your parents, I swear by the One in whose hand is my soul, that your parents’ receiving comfort from your presence with them for one day and night is more virtuous than Jihad for one year.’”

Un homme vint voir le Messager d'Allah (que la prière d'Allah et Son salut soient sur lui) et dit : "Ô Messager d'Allah, je désire faire le jihad et je suis prêt." Le Prophète (que la prière d'Allah et Son salut soient sur lui) lui dit : "Alors lutte dans le chemin d'Allah, car si tu es tué, tu seras vivant auprès d'Allah, nourri, et si tu reviens, tu reviendras sans péchés comme le jour où tu es né." L'homme dit : "Ô Messager d'Allah, j'ai deux vieux parents qui ont besoin de moi et qui n'approuvent pas mon départ." Le Messager d'Allah (que la prière d'Allah et Son salut soient sur lui) lui répondit : "Reste avec tes parents, car je te jure par Celui qui détient mon âme entre Ses mains, passer une journée et une nuit avec eux est meilleur pour toi que de faire le jihad pendant un an."

11. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khalid from Ali ibn al-Hakam from Mu’awiyah ibn Wahab from Zakariya ibn Ibrahim who has said the following: “I was a Christian, then I became a Muslim. I went for Hajj, where I met Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) and I said to him, ‘I was a Christian and I have become a Muslim.’ The Imam asked, ‘What have you seen in Islam?’ I said, ‘They are the words of Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Holy, “. . . before, you did not even know what a Book or belief was, but We have made the Quran as a light by which We guide whichever of Our servants We want.’” (42:52) The Imam said, ‘Allah has certainly granted you guidance.’ The Imam then said three times: ‘O Allah, guide him. Son, ask whatever you want to ask.’ I then said, ‘My parents and my family are Christians and my mother is blind. I live with them. Can I eat from their utensils with them?’ The Imam asked, ‘Do they eat pork?’ I said, ‘No, they do not even touch it.’ The Imam said, ‘There is no offense in your eating with them. Take good care of your mother and be kind to her. When she will die do not leave her to others. You must do everything that she will need (for her funeral). Do not tell anyone of your meeting with me until you will meet me at Mina, if Allah would so will.’ I (the narrator) met him at Mina and people were around him as if he were the teacher of children. He asks a question then the other asks a question and so on. I returned to Kufa and I would act more kindly toward my mother. I would feed my mother, wash her clothes, her head and would serve her in other ways.’ She said, ‘My son, you did not do all this for me when you followed my religion. What is all that I see from you after you left and accepted the religion of submission (Islam)?’ I said, ‘A man from the descendents of our prophet has commanded me to do all this.’ She then asked, ‘Is this man a prophet?’ I said, ‘No, but he is a descendent of a prophet.’ She said, ‘My son, he is a prophet; these are of the teachings of the prophets.’ I said, ‘Mother, there will be no other prophet after our prophet. He is a descendent of our prophet.’ She then said, ‘Your religion is the best religion. Explain it to me.’ I then explained to her and she accepted Islam. I taught her more. She prayed, Zuhr, ‘Asr, Maghrib and ‘Isha’ prayers. Thereafter something happened to her at night and she said, ‘Son, explain and repeat to me what you told me about Islam and I repeated it to her. She affirmed them and then she died. In the morning the Muslims were the ones who helped with her funeral and washed her. I was the one who prayed on her body and climbed down in her grave (to place her body to rest).”’

12. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Ali ibn al-Hakam a number of our people from Ahmad ibn abu ‘Abd Allah from Isma’il ibn Mehran all from Sayf ibn ‘ Amirah from ‘Abd Allah ibn Muskan from ‘Ammar ibn Hayyan who has said the following: “Once I explained to Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) how kind my son Isma’il was to me. The Imam said, ‘I loved him before and this has increased my love for him. Once, the sister of the Messenger of Allah (through breast-feeding) visited him. When he saw her he became very happy to see her, prepared a seat for her, began to talk to her and smiled at her. She left and her brother came. The Holy Prophet did not behave toward him as he did to her. He was asked, ‘O Messenger of Allah, you behaved toward his sister differently from the way you behaved toward him, and he is a man.’ The Messenger of Allah said, ‘It was because she was more kind to her parents than he was.’”

J'ai informé Abu Abdullah (sur lui la paix) de la piété de mon fils Isma'il envers moi. Il a dit: Je l'aimais vraiment, et mon amour pour lui a augmenté. Certes, le Messager d'Allah (que la paix soit sur lui et sur sa famille) a reçu une de ses sœurs de lait. Quand il l'a regardée, il a été ravi d'elle, a étendu son manteau pour elle, l'a fait asseoir dessus, puis s'est approché pour lui parler et rire devant elle. Ensuite, elle s'est levée et est partie, et son frère est venu mais il n'a pas fait avec lui ce qu'il avait fait avec elle. On lui a demandé: Ô Messager d'Allah, tu as agi avec sa sœur de lait d'une manière que tu n'as pas faite avec lui, bien qu'il soit un homme. Il a répondu: C'est parce qu'elle était plus respectueuse envers ses parents que lui.

13. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Ali ibn al-Hakam from Sayf ibn ‘Amirah from ‘Abd Allah ibn Muskan from Ibrahim ibn Shu’ayb who has said the following: “Once I said to Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) ‘My father has become very old and weak. We pick him up and help him for the restrooms.’ The Imam said, ‘If you can, you should do all of this for him and feed him with your own hand; it is paradise for you tomorrow. ’”

Si tu es capable de le faire pour lui, alors fais-le, et nourris-le de ta main, car cela te servira de protection demain.

14. It is narrated from him (narrator of the Hadith above) from Ali ibn al-Hakam from Sayf ibn ‘Amirah from abu al-Sabbah from Jabir who has said the following: “I heard a man saying to Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) ‘My parents are against us (our belief).’ The Imam said, ‘Be kind to them just as Muslims who follow us are kind (to their parents).”’

J'ai entendu un homme dire à Abi Abdullah (sur lui la paix) : "J'ai deux pères qui sont en désaccord." Il répondit : "Honore-les comme tu honores les musulmans qui nous soutiennent."

15. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father and Muhammad ibn Yahya from Ahmad ibn Muhammad all from ibn Mahbub from Malik ibn ‘Atiyyah from ‘Anbasah ibn Mus’ab from abu Ja’far (a.s.) who has said the following: ‘‘There are three things in which Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Holy, has not given any concession: safely returning of the trust to appropriate people, regardless of their being good or evil people, keeping the promise for good or evil people, and being kind to parents whether of good or of evil manners.”

Trois choses que Dieu, Puissant et Majestueux, n'a pas permis à quiconque d'y déroger : la restitution de la confiance, que ce soit envers le pieux ou le pervers ; l'exécution des engagements, que ce soit envers le pieux ou le pervers ; et la bienfaisance envers les parents, qu'ils soient pieux ou pervers.

16. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from al-Nawfali from al-Sakuni from Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) has said, ‘It is of tradition and virtue to adopt al-Kunyah (like abu’ meaning father of or ‘Ibn’) of the name of one’s father.’”

Il est de la Sunna et de la piété qu'un homme soit appelé par le nom de son père.

17. Al-Husayn ibn Muhammad has narrated from Mu’alla ibn Muhammad and Ali ibn Muhammad from Salih ibn abu Hammad all from al-Washsha’ from Ahmad ibn ‘Ai’z from abu Khadijah Salim ibn Mukram from Mu’alla ibn Khanis from abu ‘Abd Allah Who has said the following: “Once a man came to the Holy Prophet and asked about kindness to parents. The Holy Prophet said, ‘Be kind to your mother, be kind to your mother, be kind to your mother, be kind to your father, be kind to your father, and be kind to your father. He began with mother before the father.’”

Un homme est venu voir le Prophète (que la prière d'Allah et Son salut soient sur lui et sa famille) et lui a demandé au sujet du bon traitement envers les parents. Le Prophète a répondu : "Honore ta mère, honore ta mère, honore ta mère, puis ton père, puis ton père, puis ton père, en commençant par ta mère avant ton père."

18. Al-Washsha’ has narrated from Ahmad ibn ‘Ai’z from abu Khadijah from Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) who has said the following: “Once a man came to the Holy Prophet and said, ‘I had a daughter and I brought her up until she became an adult. I then dressed her up in beautiful clothes, took her to the well and threw her therein to her death and the last thing I heard from her was; O father! What is the expiation for it?’ The Messenger of Allah asked, ‘Do you have a living mother?’ He said, ‘No, I do not.’ The Messenger of Allah asked, ‘Do you have a living maternal aunt?’ He said, ‘Yes, I do.’ The Messenger of Allah said, ‘Be kind to her; she is like a mother, this will serve as expiation for what you have done.’ Abu Khadijah has said, ‘I asked Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) ‘When was this?’ The Imam said, ‘It was in the time of Jahiliyah (age of darkness). They would kill the girls for fear of being taken captive and giving birth to other people.’”

Un homme est venu voir le Prophète (que la prière d'Allah et Son salut soient sur lui et sa famille) et lui a dit : "J'ai eu une fille que j'ai élevée jusqu'à ce qu'elle atteigne l'âge de la puberté. Je l'ai habillée et parée, puis je l'ai emmenée chez un homme qui l'a prise dans son lit. La dernière chose que j'ai entendue d'elle était qu'elle disait : 'Ô mon père !' Quelle est l'expiation pour cela ?" Il a dit : "As-tu une mère vivante ?" Il a répondu : "Non." Il a dit : "As-tu une tante maternelle vivante ?" Il a répondu : "Oui." Il a dit : "Rapproche-toi d'elle, car elle est comme une mère. Elle expiera pour toi ce que tu as fait." Abī Khadījah a dit : "J'ai alors demandé à Abī ‘Abdillāh (sur lui la paix) quand cela s'était produit, et il a dit : 'C'était à l'époque de l'Ignorance, où ils tuaient les filles de peur qu'elles ne soient capturées et ne donnent naissance à des enfants dans d'autres tribus.'"

19. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Muhammad ibn Isma’il ibn Bazi’ from Hannan ibn Sadir from his father who has said the following: “I asked abu Ja’far (a.s.) ‘Can a son pay back (for the favors of) a father?’ The Imam said, ‘There is no payment for him except two things: if the father is a slave and the son buys him and sets him free, or the father is in debt and the son pays it off.’”

Il n'y a de récompense pour l'enfant envers son parent que dans deux cas : soit le parent est esclave et son fils l'achète pour le libérer, soit le parent a une dette et son fils la paie pour lui.

20. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Yunus ibn ‘Abd al- Rahman from ‘ Amr ibn Shamir from Jabir who has said the following: “Once a man came to the Messenger of Allah and said, ‘I am a young and active man and love Jihad (joining the army), but my mother does not like it.’ The Holy Prophet said, ‘Go back and stay with your mother. I swear by the One Who has sent me with the truth as a prophet that her feeling comfort because of your presence for one night is better for your Jihad in the way of Allah for one year.”

Un homme vint voir le Messager d'Allah (que la paix et les bénédictions d'Allah soient sur lui et sa famille) et lui dit : "Je suis un jeune homme vigoureux et j'aime le jihad, mais ma mère désapprouve cela." Le Prophète (que la paix et les bénédictions d'Allah soient sur lui) lui dit : "Retourne auprès de ta mère, car par Celui qui m'a envoyé en tant que Prophète, le fait de rester auprès d'elle une nuit est meilleur pour toi que de faire le jihad dans le chemin d'Allah pendant un an."

21. Al-Husayn ibn Muhammad has narrated from Mu’alla ibn Muhammad from al- Hassan ibn Ali from ‘Abd Allah ibn Sinan from Muhammad ibn Muslim from abu Ja’far (a.s.) who has said the following: “A servant (of Allah) may have been kind to his parents during their lifetime but when they die he does not pay their debts, and does not ask forgiveness for them. Allah writes him as unkind (person) to parents. One may have been unkind to parents during their lifetime but after their death, when he pays off their debts and asks forgiveness for them, Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Holy, writes him down to be among the people who are kind to their parents.”

Certes, l'esclave peut être bienfaisant envers ses parents de leur vivant, puis ceux-ci décèdent sans qu'il ne règle leurs dettes ni implore le pardon en leur faveur, alors Allah l'inscrit comme désobéissant. Et il peut être désobéissant envers eux de leur vivant sans être bienfaisant, puis lorsqu'ils décèdent, il règle leurs dettes et implore le pardon en leur faveur, alors Allah l'inscrit comme bienfaisant.