Al-Taqiyyah, la Garde et la Prudence

2. Ibn abu ‘Umayr has narrated from Hisham ibn Salim from abu ‘Umar al-‘ A’jami who has said the following: “Once Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) said to me, ‘O abu ‘Umar, nine tenths of religion is in al- Taqiyyah (cautious measures). One who does not observe al- Taqiyyah has no religion. Al-Taqiyyah must be observed in all matters except wine and wiping (a part of Wuzu) over the socks.’”

Ô Abu 'Umar, certes, neuf parts de la religion sont dans la dissimulation, et il n'y a pas de religion pour celui qui n'a pas de dissimulation. La dissimulation est présente dans tout sauf dans le vin et le frottement sur les chaussettes.

3. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khalid from ‘Uthman ibn ‘Isa from Sama’a from abu Basir who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) has said, ‘Al-Taqiyyah is of the religion of Allah.’ I asked, ‘Is it of the religion of Allah?’ The Imam said, ‘Yes, by Allah, it is of the religion of Allah. Yusuf (the prophet) had said, ‘O people of the caravan of camels, you are thieves.’ By Allah, they had not stolen anything and Ibrahim had said, ‘I am ill’, by Allah, he had no illness.’”

La dissimulation (al-taqiyya) fait partie de la religion d'Allah. Certes, Joseph a dit aux chameaux: 'Vous êtes des voleurs', alors qu'ils n'avaient jamais volé quoi que ce soit. Et certes, Abraham a dit: 'Je suis malade', alors qu'il n'était pas malade.

4. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Muhammad ibn Khalid and al-Husayn ibn Sa’id all from al-Nadr ibn Suwayd from Yahya ibn ‘Imran al-Halabi from Husayn ibn abu al-‘Ala’ from Habib ibn Bishr who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) has said, ‘I heard my father saying, “By Allah, there is nothing on the face of earth more beloved to me than observing al-Taqiyyah (cautious protective measures).” O Habib, whoever observes al- Taqiyyah Allah raises him up. O Habib, whoever does not observe al-Taqiyyah Allah brings him low. O Habib, people live in peace. When that (reappearing of al-Mahdi) happens this (al- Taqiyyah) no more will happen.’”

J'ai entendu Abu Abdullah (sur lui la paix) dire : "Par Allah, il n'y a rien sur terre que j'aime plus que la dissimulation, ô Habib. Certes, celui qui pratique la dissimulation, Allah l'élèvera. Ô Habib, celui qui ne pratique pas la dissimulation, Allah l'humiliera. Ô Habib, les gens ne sont que dans l'égarement. Si cela était connu, cela serait ceci."

5. Abu Ali al-Ash’ari has narrated from al-Hassan ibn Ali al-Kufi from al-‘ Abbas ibn ‘Amir from Jabir al-Makfuf from ‘Abd Allah ibn abu Ya’fur from Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) who has said the following: “Protect your religion and veil it with al-Taqiyyah (protective measures); one who does not observe al-Taqiyyah has no belief. You in the people are like honeybees, in birds. Had birds known what is inside honeybees no honeybee would have been left and it all would have been consumed. Had people known that you love Ahl al-Bayt they might have destroyed you with their tongues, abusing you in private and in public. May Allah bless those of you who are in our Walayah (Divine Guardianship).’”

"Craignez pour votre religion, protégez-la par la dissimulation, car il n'y a pas de foi pour celui qui n'a pas de dissimulation. Vous êtes comme les abeilles parmi les oiseaux. Si les oiseaux savaient ce qui est dans les ventres des abeilles, il ne resterait rien des abeilles. Et si les gens savaient ce qui est dans vos cœurs, ils vous nuiraient. Que Dieu ait pitié d'un serviteur parmi vous qui était sur notre voie."

6. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Hammad from Hariz from those who reported to him from Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) who has said the following: “About the words of Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Holy, ‘. . . virtue and evil are not equal. . . .’ , the Imam said that ‘Virtue’ refers to al-Taqiyyah and ‘Evil’ is disregarding it, and in the words of Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Holy, ‘If you respond to evil with virtuous deeds . . .’, the Imam said, ‘Virtue’ refers to al-Taqiyyah, ‘. . . you will certainly find that your enemies will become your intimate friends.’” (4 1 :34)

concernant la parole d'Allah, Le Très Haut : "Et le bien et le mal ne sont pas pareils. Repousse (le mal) par ce qui est meilleur ; et voilà que celui avec qui tu avais une animosité devient tel un ami chaleureux."

7. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from al-Hassan ibn Mahbub from Hisham ibn Salim from abu ‘Amr al-Kinani who has said the following: “Once Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) said, ‘O abu ‘Amr, what would you do, were I to narrate a Hadith to you or give you a Fatwa (a legal opinion), and you came to me sometimes later to ask about the same issues, but I gave you a Hadith or a Fatwa that contradicts the first one, which one would you follow?’ I said, ‘I will follow the latest one and ignore the other one.’ The Imam said, ‘O abu ‘Amr, you are right. Allah refuses to accept anything but to worship Him secretly. By Allah, were you to follow al-Taqiyyah it would be better for you and for me. Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Holy, refuses to accept anything from you and I in His religion but al-Taqiyyah.’”

"Ô Aba Amrou, si je te racontais un hadith ou te donnais un avis, puis que tu reviennes me questionner à ce sujet et que je te donne une réponse différente de celle que je t'avais donnée ou un avis différent de celui que je t'avais donné, lequel des deux accepterais-tu?" J'ai dit: "Je prendrais le plus récent et laisserais l'autre." Il a dit: "Tu as bien fait, ô Aba Amrou. Allah n'accepte d'être adoré que secrètement. Par Allah, si vous agissiez ainsi, ce serait meilleur pour moi et pour vous. Allah, le Puissant et Majestueux, n'a permis la dissimulation que pour nous et pour vous dans Sa religion."

8. It is narrated from him (narrator of the Hadith above) from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Hassan ibn Ali from Durust al-Wasiti who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) has said, ‘No one’s al-Taqiyyah reached the level of strictness to that of the people of the Cave who would attend the festivities while wearing neck ties, thus, Allah gave them twice as many rewards.”

"Aucune piété n'a atteint le niveau de piété des compagnons de la caverne, car ils célébraient les fêtes religieuses et portaient les vêtements de fête, et Dieu leur a accordé leur récompense deux fois."

9. It is narrated from him (narrator of the Hadith above) from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Hassan ibn Ali ibn Faddal from Hammad ibn Waqid al- Lahham who has said the following: “Once I came face to face to Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) on a road and I turned my face away and passed him by. Later I went to see him and said, ‘May Allah keep my soul in service for your cause, I sometimes may turn my face away and pass you so as not to cause you any trouble. ’ The Imam said, ‘May Allah grant you blessings, however, yesterday a man passed by me in such and such place and said, ‘Upon you be peace, O abu ‘Abd Allah.’ What he did was not any good or beautiful.’”

Il a ajouté : "Que la paix soit sur toi, ô Abu Abdullah, comme tu es bon et beau."

10. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Harun ibn Muslim from Mas’adah ibn Sadaqa who has said the following: “It was said to Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) ‘People narrate that Ali (a.s.) once said from the pulpit in al-Kufah, “O people, one day you will be told to abuse me. You then will do so, then you will be told to denounce me but you will not denounce me.” The Imam said, ‘How often has this falsehood (lie) been told about Ali (a.s.).’ The Imam then said, ‘What he said was: ‘One day you will be told to abuse me, you must do so then you will be told to denounce me, and I follow the religion of Muhammad (a.s.). He did not say do not denounce me.’ The person asking the question then asked, ‘Do you say he must have chosen being murdered instead of denouncing?’ The Imam said, ‘By Allah, there was no such thing necessary for him to do. There was nothing for him but that which happened to ‘Ammar ibn Yasir when people of Makkah forced him and his heart was confident with belief. Then Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Holy, revealed His words about it, ‘. . . except those who are forced but their heart is confident with belief,’ ( 16 : 106 ) to which the Holy Prophet said, ‘O ‘Ammar, if they would do such things again you also may do as you have already done; Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Holy, has revealed His words about your good excuse and has commanded you to do again what you did before if they ever repeated their misdeed.’”

Ceci est le contenu du hadith rapporté dans Al-Kāfi, Volume 2, Hadith 802.

11. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn al-Hakam from Hisham al-Kindy who has said the following: “I heard Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) saying, ‘You must never do anything that may embarrass us. A small boy causes embarrassment to his father because of his misdeeds. Be the beauty for those to whom you are devoted and do not be an embarrassment to them. Pray along with their tribes, visit their people in ill health, attend their funerals and do not allow anyone exceed you in good deeds. You have all the more reason to exceed others in good deeds. By Allah, no worship is more beloved to Allah than worshipping Him in (al- Khab’).’ I then asked, ‘What is al-Khab’?’ The Imam said, ‘It is al-Taqiyyah.”’

Méfiez-vous de faire des actions qui nous déshonorent, car les mauvaises actions déshonorent le père par le comportement de son enfant. Soyez pour ceux vers qui vous vous tournez une parure et non une disgrâce. Priez dans leurs assemblées, visitez leurs malades, assistez à leurs funérailles, et ne les devancez pas dans la réalisation d'une bonne action, car vous êtes plus dignes qu'eux. Par Allah, rien n'a été adoré par Allah qui Lui soit plus cher que la dissimulation. J'ai demandé : Qu'est-ce que la dissimulation ? Il a répondu : La piété.

12. It is narrated from him (narrator of the Hadith above) from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Mu’amar ibn Khallad who has said the following: “Once I asked Abu al-Hassan (a.s.) about standing up to salute the rulers (to show respect). He said that Abu Ja’far (a.s.) has said, 'Al-Taqiyyah is from my religion (belief) and the religion (belief) of my forefathers, and whoever disregards al-Taqiyyah has no belief.'"

"La dissimulation fait partie de ma religion et de la religion de mes ancêtres, et il n'y a pas de foi pour celui qui n'a pas de dissimulation."

13. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Hammad from Rib’i from Zurara from abu Ja’far (a.s.) who has said the following: “ Al-Taqiyyah (protective measures) is for when and wherever needed and the one involved in it knows best how to apply it.”

Il a dit : "La dissimulation est nécessaire dans toute situation, et celui qui la pratique est plus conscient de ses besoins au moment où elle lui est imposée."

14. Ali has narrated from his father from ibn Mahbub from Jamil ibn Salih from Muhammad ibn Marwan from Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) who has said the following: “My father (a.s.) has said, ‘What could be more delightful to me than al-Taqiyyah’, it is a shield for believing people.’”

Mon père (que la paix soit sur lui) disait : "Quoi de plus agréable à mes yeux que la dissimulation, car la dissimulation est le bouclier du croyant."

15. Ali has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Jamil from Muhammad ibn Marwan who has said the following: “Once Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) said to me, ‘What was it that prevented Maytham (may Allah have mercy on him) from al-Taqiyyah? He by Allah knew that this verse of the Holy Quran was revealed about ‘Ammar and his people, ‘...unless he is forced, but his heart is confident with belief...’” (Quran 16:106)

Mitham n'a pas été empêché de pratiquer la taqiyya. Par Allah, il savait que ce verset a été révélé à Ammar et à ses compagnons, sauf celui qui est contraint et dont le cœur est tranquille avec la foi.

16. Abu Ali al-Ash’ari has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Safwan from Shu’ayb al-Haddad from Muhammad ibn Muslim from abu Ja’far (a.s.) who has said the following: “ Al-Taqiyyah is made law to save lives. Once it (danger) is already there to take lives, then there is no al-Taqiyyah .”

Il a dit : "La dissimulation (taqiyya) a été prescrite pour que le sang soit préservé. Lorsque le sang est menacé, il n'y a plus de dissimulation."

17. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Faddal from ibn Bukayr from Muhammad ibn Muslim from Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) who has said the following: “As it (time of Imam al-Mahdi) draws closer, al-Taqiyyah will be more intensely needed.”

Chaque fois que cette affaire se rapproche, elle devient plus intense en matière de dissimulation.

18. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from ibn ‘Udhaynah from Isma’il al-Ju’fi and Mu’ammar ibn Yahya ibn Sam and Muhammad ibn Muslim and Zurara who have said the following: “We heard abu Ja’far (a.s.) saying, ‘ Al-Taqiyyah is whenever the son of Adam is compelled; Allah has made it lawful for him.’”

Dieu lui a rendu licite.

19. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Yunus from ibn Muskan from Hariz from Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) who has said the following: “ Al-Taqiyyah is a shield of Allah between Allah (His punishing) and His creatures.”

"La dissimulation est le bouclier que Dieu place entre Lui et Ses créatures."

20. Al-Husayn ibn Muhammad has narrated from Mu’alla ibn Muhammad from Muhammad ibn Jumhur from Ahmad ibn Hamza from al-Husayn ibn al-Mukhtar from abu Basir who has said the following: “Abu Ja’far (a.s.) has said, ‘Meet them (unfriendly people) outwardly and oppose them inwardly when the rulers are childish.’”

Abu Ja'far (que la paix soit sur lui) a dit : "Mêlez-vous à eux avec la bienveillance et soyez en désaccord avec eux avec la fermeté lorsque le commandement est tyrannique."

21. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Zakariya al-Mu’min from ‘Abd Allah ibn Asad from ‘Abd Allah ibn ‘Ata’ who has said the following: “Once I said to abu la’ far (a.s.) ‘Two of the people of Kufah were held and it was said to them, “Denounce Amir al-Mu’minin (Ali ibn abu Talib) (a.s.). One of them did and the other did not denounce. The one who denounced was released and the other was killed.’ The Imam said, ‘The one who denounced was an expert of law of his religion and the one who did not denounce was in a hurry to go to paradise.’”

Quant à celui qui se désavoua, c'était un homme bien versé dans sa religion, et quant à celui qui ne se désavoua pas, c'était un homme pressé vers le Paradis.

22. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Jamil ibn Salih who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) has said, ‘Stay away from the consequences of slip and mistake (disregarding al-Taqiyyah’).’"’

Méfiez-vous des conséquences des erreurs.

23. Abu Ali al-Ash’ari has narrated from ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Muhammad ibn Isma’il from Ali ibn al-Nu’man from ibn Muskan from ‘Abd Allah ibn abu Ya’fur who has said the following: “I heard Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) saying, ‘ Al-Taqiyyah for a believer is a shield and protection. One who does not observe al-Taqiyyah has no belief. A servant of Allah receives a Hadith from us and on that basis he follows the religion of Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Holy. It then is an honor for him in this world and light for him in the next world. A servant receives a Hadith from us and he makes it public and it becomes humiliation for him in this world and Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Holy, removes that light from him.’”

"La dissimulation (taqiyya) est le bouclier du croyant, et la dissimulation est la protection du croyant. Celui qui n'a pas de dissimulation n'a pas de foi. Certes, un serviteur peut entendre un hadith de nous, puis le rapporter, et Allah, Puissant et Majestueux, le fera entrer en religion par cela, le rapprochant de Lui, lui donnant de la dignité dans ce monde et de la lumière dans l'au-delà. Et certes, un serviteur peut entendre un hadith de nous, puis le divulguer, ce qui le fera tomber dans l'humiliation dans ce monde, et Allah, Puissant et Majestueux, lui retirera cette lumière."