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Chapitre
Hunut (Rubbing Camphor) on a Dead Body and Shrouding
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1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from his people from Yunus from ’A’immah, ‘Alayhim al-Salam, who has said the following: “About Hunut and shrouding a deceased, he (the Imam) has said, ‘Spread al-Hibrah (the large sheet of fabric), then spread the loincloth over which you then spread the shirt. Then turn back upward the front side of the shirt. Then find the ground camphor, place a certain amount of it over his forehead on the place for sajdah and then rub camphor over all of his joints from his head down to his toes, on his head, neck, shoulders, and elbows and on all of joints of his hands and legs and on the middle of his palms. Then pick him up and place him on the shirt, then turn the front of the shirt over his front side. The shirt must not have any collar or buttons. Two fresh al-Jaridah (twigs of palm tree), one yard in length are placed with him. One is placed between his knees parallel with his leg and one-half of it parallel with his thigh and the other one under his right armpit. No cotton or camphor is placed in his nostril, eyes, and ears or on his forehead. Then a turban is made for him. The center of the turban is placed on his head and then turned around his head, then the remaining is thrown on his shoulders in opposite sides by throwing the right to the left and the left to the right. Then the remaining is pulled over his chest.”’
Isnād`Alī ibn Ibrāhīm rapporte de son père, de ses ancêtres, de Yūnus, de eux (que la paix soit sur eux)
Il a dit concernant l'embaumement et l'ensevelissement du mort : "Étends une natte, puis étends un pagne par-dessus, ensuite étends la chemise par-dessus le pagne et replie le devant de la chemise sur lui. Ensuite, prends du camphre en poudre et mets-le sur son front à l'endroit de sa prosternation, puis passe le camphre sur toutes ses articulations, de ses cornes à ses pieds, sur sa tête, son cou, ses épaules, ses coudes, ses poignets, et sur chaque articulation de ses mains et de ses pieds, au milieu de ses aisselles. Ensuite, il est porté et placé sur sa chemise, le devant de la chemise est replié sur lui, la chemise ne doit pas être repliée ni serrée, et on lui met deux morceaux de feuilles de palmier frais, de la taille d'un bras, l'un est placé entre ses genoux jusqu'à la moitié du mollet, et l'autre sous son aisselle droite, sans en mettre dans ses narines, ses yeux, ses oreilles, ni sur son visage, ni du coton ni du camphre. Puis il est enveloppé, on prend le milieu du turban, on le plie en tournant autour de sa tête, puis on jette l'extrémité droite sur la gauche et la gauche sur la droite, puis on l'étend sur sa poitrine."
2. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ‘Amr ibn ‘Uthman from Mufaddaf ibn Salih from Zayd af-Shahham who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, was asked about the shroud of the Messenger of Allah. He (the Imam) said, ‘There were three pieces of fabric to shroud him. They were two pieces of Suhariyayn fabric and one piece of large sheet made in Hibarah.’”
IsnādAli ibn Ibrahim a rapporté de son père, de Amr ibn Outhman, de Mufaddal ibn Salih, de Zayd Ash-Shahham, qui a dit: Abu Abdullah (sur lui la paix) a été interrogé sur ce avec quoi le Messager d'Allah (que la prière d'Allah et Son salut soient sur lui et sa famille) a été enterré. Il a répondu: "Dans trois vêtements, deux de lin et un de laine noire."
Dans trois vêtements, deux de lin et un de laine noire.
3. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ‘Uthman ibn ‘Isa from Sama‘ah who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘When you shroud a deceased, scatter fragrant powder and camphor on every piece of the shroud.’”
IsnādUn certain nombre de nos compagnons ont rapporté de Ahmad ibn Muhammad, d'Uthman ibn Isa, de Sama'a, de Abi Abdullah (que la paix soit sur lui)...
Quand tu enveloppes le mort dans son linceul, mets sur chaque vêtement un peu de camphre et de kâfoûr.
4. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Hammad from al-Halabiy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘When applying camphor on a deceased person, apply it on the seven parts of the body which are placed on the ground during Sujud (prostrations), and all of the joints of the body, his head, beard and on his chest.’ He (the Imam) said that hunut of man and woman is the same.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘I dislike following a dead body with burning incense.’”
IsnādAli ibn Ibrahim, de son père, de Ibn Abi 'Umayr, de Hammad, de Al-Halabi, de Abi Abdullah (sur lui la paix) a dit:
Quand tu veux embaumer un mort, prends du camphre et frotte ses traces de prosternation, toutes ses articulations, sa tête, sa barbe, et sur sa poitrine du hanut. Il a dit : Le hanut de l'homme et de la femme est le même. Et il a dit : Et je déteste qu'il soit suivi par du charbon.
5. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Hammad ibn ‘Uthaman from Hariz from Zurarah and Muhammad ibn Muslim who have said the following: “Once we asked abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, if turban is part of shroud for a deceased. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, it is not part of it. The obligatory shroud consist of three pieces of cloths, one over all; the minimum of which must be large enough to cover the whole body and any extra is of the Sunnah up to five pieces and more than this is contrived.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘The Holy prophet commanded to prepare turban and it was prepared for the Holy prophet.’ The truthful shaykh, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, sent for us one dinar, when we were in al-Madinah at the time of the death of abu ‘Ubaydah al-Hadhdha’. He (the Imam) commanded us to buy for him hunut and turban which we did.”’
IsnādAli ibn Ibrahim a rapporté de son père, de Hammad ibn Othman, de Hariz, de Zurara et Muhammad ibn Muslim, qui ont dit : Nous avons demandé à Abi Ja'far (que la paix soit sur lui) : "La tête du défunt doit-elle être couverte par le linceul ?" Il a répondu : "Non, le linceul obligatoire est composé de trois vêtements, et un vêtement complet qui ne soit pas moins que cela doit couvrir tout son corps. Ce qui est en excès est une pratique recommandée, jusqu'à atteindre cinq vêtements. Ce qui est en excès après cela est une innovation. Le fait de couvrir la tête est une pratique recommandée." Il a dit : "Le Prophète (que la prière d'Allah et Son salut soient sur lui) a ordonné de couvrir la tête. Le Prophète (que la prière d'Allah et Son salut soient sur lui) a été enseveli avec un dinar et il nous a ordonné d'acheter pour lui un turban et une tête de hanout, ce que nous avons fait."
6. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Nasr from ‘Abd Allah ibn Sinan who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘A deceased must be shrouded with three pieces of cloth besides turban, and one piece which is wrapped around the hips, so that nothing is exposed. The piece of cloth and turban are necessary but they are not part of shroud.’”
IsnādUn certain nombre de nos compagnons de Sahl ibn Ziyad, d'Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Nasr, d'Abdullah ibn Sinan, d'Abi Abdullah (sur lui la paix) ont rapporté :
Le défunt est enveloppé de trois choses, à l'exception du turban et du morceau de tissu avec lequel on lui attache les pieds pour qu'aucune partie de son corps ne soit exposée. Le morceau de tissu et le turban sont indispensables, mais ne font pas partie de l'enveloppement mortuaire.
7. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘ Umayr from Hammad from al-Halabiy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘My father, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, wrote in his will to me to shroud him with three pieces of cloth, one was a gown made in Hibarah with which he performed Salah (prayer) on Fridays and another piece of cloth, and a shirt. I asked my father, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, “Why do you write these things?” He (the Imam) replied, “I am afraid people will overpower you. If they said to use four or five pieces, do not do so. Prepare a turban for me but turban is not counted as part of shroud. It is prepared to wrap the body therewith.’””
Isnād`Alī ibn Ibrāhīm rapporte de son père, de Ibn Abī 'Umayr, de Ḥammād, de al-Ḥalabī, de Abī 'Abdillāh (que la paix soit sur lui)
Mon père a écrit dans son testament de me linceuler avec trois vêtements, l'un d'eux étant un manteau dans lequel il priait le vendredi, un autre vêtement et une chemise. Je lui ai demandé pourquoi il écrivait cela. Il a répondu : "Je crains que les gens ne t'oppressent en disant de l'ensevelir avec quatre ou cinq vêtements, ne les écoute pas. Et enveloppe-moi d'un turban, car le turban ne fait pas partie du linceul, seul ce qui entoure le corps est compté."
8. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from abu Ayyub al-Khazzaz from ‘Uthman al-Nawwa’ who has said the following: “I once said to abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, that I give Ghusl (bath) to the deceased. He (the Imam) said, ‘Treat it very gently, do not pinch his body, do not touch his ears with camphor and when preparing turban for him, do not wrap it like the turban of an Arab.’ I then asked, ‘How must I do it?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Hold it from its center and spread it on his head turn it to the back of the head and allow the rest to hang down his chest.’”
IsnādAli, de son père, de Ibn Abi Umair, de Abi Ayyub Al-Khazzaz, de Uthman Al-Nawwa, qui a dit: J'ai dit à Abi Abdullah (sur lui la paix): "Je lave les morts." Il a dit: "Et tu fais du bien?" J'ai dit: "Je les lave." Il a dit: "Quand tu les laves, sois doux avec eux, ne les secoue pas brusquement, ne touche pas leurs oreilles avec du kafoûr. Et quand tu les enveloppes, ne les enveloppe pas comme le font les Arabes." J'ai dit: "Comment dois-je faire?" Il a dit: "Prends le turban par le milieu, étends-le sur sa tête, puis ramène-le vers l'arrière et laisse ses extrémités sur sa poitrine."
9. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id from al-Nadr ibn Suwayd from ‘Abd Allah ibn Sinan who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about how shroud is prepared. He (the Imam) said, ‘Take one piece of cloth to wrap around his hips and legs.’ I asked about loincloth. He (the Imam) said, ‘It does not count for anything. It is only to hold that area so that nothing is exposed. The cotton that is use is better than this. The shirt is torn and is taken out from the side of his legs when Ghusl (bath) is given.’ He (the Imam) then said, ‘Part of shroud is the shirt without buttons and borders, and a turban that is wrapped around his head and the extra is allowed to hang down to his legs.’”
IsnādMuhammad ibn Yahya, d'Ahmad ibn Muhammad, d'Al-Husayn ibn Sa'id, de Al-Nadr ibn Suwayd, d'Abdullah ibn Sinan a dit:
J'ai demandé à Abi Abdullah (que la paix soit sur lui) : "Comment dois-je procéder avec le linceul ?" Il a dit : "Tu prends un morceau de tissu et tu le fixes sur son siège et ses jambes." J'ai dit : "Et le pagne ?" Il a dit : "Il n'est rien, il est seulement fait pour maintenir ce qui est en dessous afin que rien n'en sorte. Ce qui est fait de coton est meilleur que lui. Ensuite, la chemise est déchirée lorsqu'elle est lavée et retirée de ses jambes. Ensuite, le linceul est une chemise non usée ni déchirée, et un turban est enroulé autour de sa tête et son front est couvert par ses extrémités."
10. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from certain persons of our people who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the turban for a deceased. He (the Imam) said, ‘Wrap it around his head.’”
Isnād`Alī ibn Ibrāhīm rapporte de son père, de Ibn Abī 'Umayr, de certains de nos compagnons, de Abī 'Abdillāh (sur lui la paix) concernant le port du turban pour le défunt, il a dit : "Attachez-le bien serré".
"Attachez-le bien serré".
11. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad ibn Mahbub from Mu‘awiyah ibn Wahab who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘Five pieces of cloth are used to shroud a deceased: a shirt without button, a loincloth, a piece to wrap therewith his midsection, an overall sheet to wrap him in it, a turban that is wrapped around his head and the extra is allowed to hang down his chest.’”
IsnādUn groupe parmi nos compagnons de la part de Sahl ibn Ziyad, de la part d'Ibn Mahboub, de la part de Muawiya ibn Wahb, de la part d'Abu Abdullah (que la paix soit sur lui)
Le défunt est enveloppé de cinq vêtements : une chemise qui ne lui est pas enlevée, un pagne, un morceau de tissu avec lequel on lui attache la taille, un drap dans lequel il est enveloppé, et un turban avec lequel on lui couvre la tête et dont les extrémités sont placées sur sa poitrine.
12. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ’Abd Allah ibn al-Mughirah from more than one person who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘Camphor is for hunut.”
Isnād`Alī ibn Ibrāhīm rapporte de son père, de 'Abdullāh ibn al-Mughīra, de plusieurs autres, de Abī 'Abdillāh (sur lui la paix)...
...qui a dit : "Le camphre est le henné."
13. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Salih al-Sindiy from Ja‘far ibn Bashir from Dawud ibn Sarhan who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, once said to me about the shroud of abu ‘Ubaydah al-Hadhdha’, ‘Camphor is for hunut; however, go and do what people do.’”
IsnādAli ibn Ibrahim rapporte de son père, de Salih ibn As-Sindi, de Ja'far ibn Bashir, de Dawud ibn Sirhan, qui a dit : Abu 'Abdillah (que la paix soit sur lui) a dit : "J'ai dans mon linceul une paire de sandales d'Abu 'Ubaydah. Le parfum est certes le musc, mais va et fais comme les gens font."
"J'ai dans mon linceul une paire de sandales d'Abu 'Ubaydah. Le parfum est certes le musc, mais va et fais comme les gens font."
14. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Muhammad ibn Sinan from Dawud ibn Sarhan who has said the following: “Abu ‘Ubaydah al-Hadhdha’ died and I was in al-Madinah. Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, sent a dinar and said, ‘Buy with it hunut and take notice that hunut is camphor; however, do as people do.’ When I went, he (the Imam) sent a dinar and said, ‘Buy camphor with it.’”
IsnādMuhammad ibn Yahya a rapporté d'Ahmad ibn Muhammad, de Muhammad ibn Sinan, de Dawud ibn Sirhan, qui a dit :
Abu Ubaydah al-Hadha' a rendu l'âme alors que j'étais à Médine. Abu 'Abdullah (que la paix soit sur lui) m'envoya un dinar en disant : "Achète avec ceci du hanut et sache que le hanut est le camphre, mais agis comme le font les gens." Il a ajouté : "Quand tu reviendras, apporte-moi du camphre en échange de ce dinar."
15. Humayd ibn Ziyad has narrated from al-Hassan ibn Muhammad al-Kindiy from Ahmad ibn al-Hassan al-Mithamiy from Aban ibn ‘Uthman from ‘Abd al- Rahman ibn abu ‘Abd Allah who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about hunut for a deceased. He (the Imam) said, ‘Apply it on the parts of his body used during prostration.’”
IsnādHumayd ibn Ziyad, de al-Hasan ibn Muhammad al-Kindi, d'Ahmad ibn al-Hasan al-Meithami, d'Aban ibn Uthman, d'Abdul Rahman ibn Abi Abdullah a dit:
J'ai demandé à Abu Abdullah (sur lui soit la paix) au sujet du linceul pour le défunt. Il a dit : "Placez-le dans ses mosquées."
16. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from al-Nawfaliy from al-Sakuniy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that the Holy prophet prohibited placing of hunut on a coffin.’”
Isnād`Alī ibn Ibrāhīm rapporte de son père, de An-Nawfalī, de As-Sakūnī, de Abī 'Abdillāh (sur lui la paix)...
...que le Prophète (que la prière d'Allah et Son salut soient sur lui et sa famille) a interdit que du henné soit placé sur le cercueil.