Ghusl (ablution) pour les enfants et la Salah (prière) pour eux

3. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from ‘Umar ibn ’Udhaynah from Zurarah from who has said the following: “I saw a son of abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, during the life time of abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, called ‘Abd Allah Fatim moved in. I asked him about their Mawla’ next to him, ‘Who is he next to you?’ He replied, ‘He is my Mawla’ (servant or follower).’ The Mawla’, joking with him said, ‘I am not your Mawla’.’ He said, ‘That is worse for you.’ That boy was hurt and he died. (They carried) his body to al-Baqi’ cemetery in a basket. Abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, came out to join the funeral wearing a jubbah which was yellow, a yellow turban and a yellow shawl of khazz (a certain kind of fur). He (the Imam) walked to al-Baqi’ while leaning on me for support. People offered condolences for his grandchild. In al-Baqi’ abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, moved forward and performed Salah (prayer) for the deceased boy with four Takbir. He then commanded to bury him. He (the Imam) then holding my hand moved away and then said, ‘Salah (prayer) was not performed for deceased children. ’Amir al-Mu’minin, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, would command to bury them (children) without performing Salah (prayer). I performed Salah (prayer) only because of people of al-Madinah. I do not like their saying, ‘They do not perform Salah (prayer) for their children.’”

Ce hadith met en lumière l'importance de suivre les directives de l'Imam des croyants en matière d'enterrement des enfants et souligne la préoccupation pour le respect des coutumes locales, même si elles vont à l'encontre des pratiques habituelles.

4. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Muhammad ibn Khalid and al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id from al-Nadr ibn Suwayd from Yahya ibn ‘Imran from ibn Muskan from Zurarah from who has said the following: “One of the sons of Abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, died. He (the Imam) was informed of his death and he commanded for Ghusl (bath) and shroud. He (the Imam) walked in his funeral and performed Salah (prayer). A prayer mat was spread and he (the Imam) stood on it, then he (the Imam) stood on his grave until he was free, then moved away and I (the narrator) also moved away. I walked along with him (the Imam). He (the Imam) said that Salah (prayer) was not performed in such cases, but people did things and we also do like them. I (the narrator) then asked, ‘When Salah (prayer) is obligatory?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is necessary when he understands Salah (prayer) and he is six years old. I (the narrator) asked, ‘What do you say about children?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘The Messenger of Allah was asked about them and he said that Allah knows best about what they have done.’”

[Contenu principal du hadith]

5. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn ’Isma‘il from ‘Uthman ibn ‘Isa from Zur’ah from Sama‘ah who has said the following: “I once asked abu al-Hassan, al-Awwal, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a miscarried child whose body is complete if Ghusl (bath) is necessary as well as al-Lahad (a horizontal or vertical) ditch in the grave). He (the Imam) said, ‘All of such things are necessary.’”

J'ai demandé à Abu al-Hasan al-Awwal (que la paix soit sur lui) au sujet du fœtus lorsque sa formation est complète, s'il est obligatoire de lui faire le ghusl (ablution rituelle), le lahd (linceul) et le kafan (l'ensevelir). Il a dit : "Tout cela est obligatoire pour lui."

6. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ali ibn Mehran from Muhammad ibn al-Fudayl who has said the following: “I once wrote to abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, asking about what is done for a miscarried child. He (the Imam) wrote to me, ‘A miscarried child is buried with his blood in his place (right away).”’

Le fœtus doit être enterré avec son propre sang à l'endroit où il se trouve.

7. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ‘Amr ibn Sa‘id from Ali ibn ’Abd Allah who has said the following: “I heard abu al-Hassan Musa, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, say, ‘When Ibrahim son of the Messenger of Allah passed away, three traditions were established. One tradition is that on that day a sun eclipse took place and people said that it is because of the death of the son of the Messenger of Allah. The Messenger of Allah went on the pulpit, praised Allah and glorified Him; then said, “O people the sun and the moon are two signs of the signs of Allah which move because of His command and in obedience to Him. Their eclipse is not because of the death or life of anyone. If one or both of them eclipse perform Salah (prayer) for eclipse.” He climbed down the pulpit and performed Salah (prayer) because of eclipse with the people. When he completed his Salah (prayer) by saying the last phrase, the greeting, he (the Messenger of Allah) said, “O Ali, you must prepare my son for burial.” Ali, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, gave Ghusl (bath) to Ibrahim, hunut and shroud. He brought the deceased out and the Messenger of Allah joined the funeral until they arrived near his grave. People said, “The Messenger of Allah has forgotten Salah (prayer) for Ibrahim due to shock because of his death.” He (the Messenger of Allah) stood up straight and said, “O people, Jibril just informed me of what you have thought about my forgetting Salah (prayer) for my son, Ibrahim, because of shock due to his death. You must know that it is not as you think it is. In fact the Most Kind and Most Aware one has made five Salah (prayer) obligatory on you and for your dead people. He has made five Takbir necessary, one Takbir from each Salah (prayer). He has commanded me to perform Salah (prayer) only for those who have performed Salah (prayer).” He (the Messenger of Allah) then said, “O Ali, climb down and place my son in al-Lahad.” He (Ali) climbed down and placed Ibrahim in Lahad. People said, “It is not proper for people to climb down in the grave of their sons because the Messenger of Allah has not done so.” The Messenger of Allah said to them, “O people, it is not unlawful for you to climb down in the grave of your sons, but I do not find it safe for you to do so because on opening the shroud of your sons Satan may play with you to cause a shock and you lose your reward.” He (the Messenger of Allah) thereafter, moved away and left the graveyard.’”

Quand Ibrahim, le fils du Messager d'Allah (que la prière d'Allah et Son salut soient sur lui et sa famille), est décédé, trois phénomènes se sont produits en lui. Lorsqu'il est mort, le soleil s'est obscurci, et les gens ont dit que le soleil s'était obscurci à cause de la perte du fils du Messager d'Allah. Le Messager d'Allah est alors monté sur la chaire, a loué Allah et l'a glorifié, puis a dit : "Ô gens, le soleil et la lune sont deux signes parmi les signes d'Allah, ils suivent Son commandement, obéissants à Lui, ils ne s'obscurcissent ni pour la mort de quelqu'un ni pour sa vie. Si l'un ou l'autre s'obscurcit, alors priez." Ensuite, il est descendu de la chaire et a dirigé la prière de l'éclipse avec les gens. Après avoir salué, il a dit : "Ô Ali, lève-toi et prépare mon fils." Ali s'est levé, a lavé Ibrahim, l'a parfumé, l'a enveloppé dans un linceul, puis est sorti avec lui. Le Messager d'Allah a marché avec lui jusqu'à sa tombe. Les gens ont dit que le Messager d'Allah avait oublié de prier pour Ibrahim en raison de l'émotion qu'il ressentait. Il s'est alors levé, debout, et a dit : "Ô gens, l'Ange Gabriel est venu avec ce que vous avez dit, vous avez prétendu que j'avais oublié de prier pour mon fils en raison de l'émotion. Sachez que ce n'est pas ce que vous pensez, mais c'est le Subtil, l'Informé, qui vous a prescrit cinq prières et a institué pour vos morts, à chaque prière, une takbir. Il m'a ordonné de ne prier que pour ceux qui prient." Ensuite, il a dit : "Ô Ali, descends et ensevelis mon fils." Ali est descendu et a enseveli Ibrahim dans sa tombe. Les gens ont dit qu'il n'était pas approprié pour quelqu'un de descendre dans la tombe de son enfant, car le Messager d'Allah ne l'avait pas fait. Le Messager d'Allah leur a dit : "Ô gens, il ne vous est pas interdit de descendre dans les tombes de vos enfants, mais je crains que lorsque l'un de vous retire le linceul de son enfant, le diable ne joue avec lui, et à ce moment-là, à cause de l'émotion, il annule sa récompense." Puis il s'en est allé (que la prière d'Allah et Son salut soient sur lui et sa famille).

8. Ali has narrated from Ali ibn Shirah from Muhammad ibn Sulayman from Husayn al-Harshush from Hisham ibn Salim who has said the following: “I once said to abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, that people speak against us and do not accept our words, ‘there is no Salah (prayer) for a deceased child’; he has not performed any Salah (prayer). They say, ‘You say that there is no Salah (prayer) for those who have not performed any Salah (prayer).’ We say, ‘Yes that is true.’ They say, ‘Consider if a Christian or a Jew becomes a Muslim, then he dies within the same hour, then what is the answer?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Ask them to consider the case of this man, new Muslim, if he within the same hour falsely accuses a human being. What is his obligation because of his committing such sin? They will say that he is subject to punishment according to law. When they say this, then it is said to them, ‘If a child who has not performed any Salah (prayer) accuses a human being falsely, is he subjected to punishment according to law? They will say that he is not subject to any punishment. It then is said to them that you are right. Salah (prayer) is necessary for one who has performed Salah (prayer) and those who are subject to punishment according to law. Salah (prayer) is not necessary for one on whom Salah (prayer) is not obligatory or enduring punishment according to law.’”

[Contenu principal du hadith]