Préparation des quatre coins de la tombe et aspersion d'eau sur celle-ci

3. Humayd ibn Ziyad has narrated from al-Hassan ibn Muhammad ibn Sama‘ah from more than one person from Aban from ‘Abd al- Rahman ibn abu ‘Abd Allah who has said the following: “I once asked him (the Imam), ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about one’s placing his hand over the grave, its significance and why it is done. He (the Imam) said, ‘The Messenger of Allah had done so over the grave of his son after sprinkling water.’ He (the narrator) has said that I then asked, ‘How should I place my hand over the graves of the Muslims?’ He (the Imam) pointed with his hand, placed it on the ground, then raised it while he was facing al-Qiblah (al-Ka‘bah).’”

J'ai demandé au sujet du fait pour un homme de poser sa main sur la tombe, qu'est-ce que c'est et pourquoi le fait-il ? Il a répondu : Le Messager d'Allah (que la prière d'Allah et Son salut soient sur lui et sa famille) l'a fait pour son fils après l'enterrement. J'ai ensuite demandé : Comment dois-je poser ma main sur les tombes des musulmans ? Il a indiqué avec sa main vers la terre, l'a posée dessus, puis l'a soulevée tout en étant face à la qibla.

4. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from ibn ’Udhaynah from Zurarah from who has said the following: “Abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘The Messenger of Allah would do something over the grave of the people from the tribe of banu Hashim and he would not do on other Muslims’ graves. After performing Salah (prayer) for a deceased from banu Hashim, sprinkling water over his grave, he would place his hand over the grave while his fingers pressed in the clay. Strangers or travelers who came in the town and saw a new grave with marks of the fingers of the Messenger of Allah on it could tell that someone from banu Hashim has died. They would ask, ‘Who from the family of Muhammad, O Allah grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has died?”’

Le Messager d'Allah (que la prière d'Allah et Son salut soient sur lui) avait une pratique spéciale pour ceux de la famille de Hashim décédés. Lorsqu'il priait sur un membre de la famille de Hashim, il arrosait sa tombe d'eau, puis posait sa main sur la tombe de manière à ce que ses doigts soient visibles dans la terre. Ainsi, les étrangers ou les voyageurs de Médine voyaient la marque de la main du Messager d'Allah (que la prière d'Allah et Son salut soient sur lui) sur la tombe et disaient : "Celui qui est décédé de la famille de Muhammad (que la prière d'Allah et Son salut soient sur lui)..."

5. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Hammad ibn ‘Isa who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘One day my father during his illness said to me, ‘Son, call certain people from Quraysh and people of al-Madinah, so I can appoint them as witness.’ I then called a number of people. He said, ‘O Ja‘far, when I die, give Ghusl (bath) to me, place me in the shroud, raise the surface of my grave by four fingers above the ground and sprinkle water on it.’ When they left I asked, ‘Father, had you commanded me, I would have done all these things. Why did you decide to call these people to be witnesses?’ He said, ‘My son I did it so no one will raise any disputes against you.’”

Mon père m'a dit un jour, pendant sa maladie : "Ô mon fils, fais entrer des gens de Quraysh parmi les habitants de Médine pour qu'ils me témoignent." J'ai donc fait entrer parmi eux des gens de Quraysh. Il dit : "Ô Ja'far, quand je mourrai, lave-moi, shroude-moi, et élève ma tombe de quatre doigts, puis arrose-la d'eau." Quand ils sortirent, je dis : "Ô père, si tu me l'avais demandé, j'aurais fait cela, mais tu ne voulais pas que j'amène des gens pour te témoigner." Il dit : "Ô mon fils, j'ai voulu éviter toute dispute."

6. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from certain persons of his people who has said the following: “About spraying water on the grave abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘Suffering is withdrawn from it as long as the moisture exists.’”

"Concernant l'arrosage de l'eau sur la tombe, il a dit : 'Le châtiment s'éloigne de lui aussi longtemps que la rosée est dans la terre.'"

7. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Muhammad ibn Sinan from Talhah ibn Zayd who has said the following: “Abu ’Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that sprinkling water over a new grave was during the time of the Messenger of Allah.”

Il était coutume de jeter du gravier sur la tombe à l'époque du Messager d'Allah (que la prière d'Allah et Son salut soient sur lui et sa famille).

8. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Hammad ibn ‘Isa from Hariz from Zurarah from who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘When you complete the grave sprinkle water on it, then place your hand near the head of the deceased and depress your hand on it after sprinkling water.”’

`Lorsque tu as fini de recouvrir la tombe, verse de l'eau dessus, puis place ta main à sa tête et passe-la sur la tombe après l'avoir arrosée.`

9. Humayd ibn Ziyad has narrated from al-Hassan ibn Muhammad from more than one person from Aban from ‘Abd Allah ibn ‘Ajalan who has said the following: “Abu Ja’far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, stood on the grave of one of his followers and said, ‘O Lord, grant company in his loneliness, comfort his fear and settle down with him of your mercy that much which will make him free from want from others except yourself.’”

"Ô Allah, envoie Ta miséricorde sur sa solitude, console sa solitude, et accorde-lui de Ta miséricorde ce qui le dispense de la miséricorde d'autrui que Toi."

10. Aban has narrated from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “Abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘Prayers are said when a deceased is placed in his grave and the surface of the grave is raised above the ground by four fingers.’”

qu'il a dit : "On invoque pour le défunt au moment où il est placé dans sa tombe et que la tombe est élevée au-dessus de la terre de quatre doigts."

11. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from certain persons of our people from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn abu Nasr from ’Isma‘il who has that narrated to me abu al-Hassan al-Dallal from Yahya ibn ‘Abd Allah who has said the following: “I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, say, ‘It does not harm the family of a deceased among you to prevent his fear of meeting al-Munkar and al-Nakir (interrogating angels).’ I (the narrator) then asked, ‘How can they do so?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘When the deceased is left alone, the nearest relative is left behind near the deceased who places his mouth near the head of the deceased and calls loudly, ‘O so and so, son of so and so, or daughter of so and so, are you still true to the covenant (belief) with which you departed us. The testimony that states, ‘I testify that only Allah deserves worship, He is one and has no partners and I testify that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger, master of the prophets. I testify that Ali is ’Amir al-Mu’minin (master of the believers) and master of the executors (of the wills of the prophets). I testify that whatever Muhammad, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has brought from Allah is all true, that death is a truth, resurrection is a truth and that Allah will raise everyone from the grave.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Al-Munkar then says to Nakir, ‘Allow us to turn away from him; his argument (authoritative statements of his belief) are dictated to him.’”

"Il n'incombe pas aux proches du défunt de repousser la rencontre des anges Munkar et Nakir. J'ai demandé : Comment doivent-ils agir ? Il a dit : Lorsque le défunt est seul, que la personne la plus proche de lui reste avec lui et mette sa bouche près de sa tête, puis appelle à haute voix : Ô untel fils d'untel (ou Ô untelle fille d'untel), es-tu sur le pacte sur lequel nous nous sommes séparés, de témoigner qu'il n'y a de divinité digne d'adoration qu'Allah, seul sans associé, et que Muhammad est Son serviteur et Messager, le chef des prophètes, qu'Ali est le Commandeur des croyants, le chef des successeurs, et que ce que Muhammad (que la paix soit sur lui et sa famille) a apporté est vérité, que la mort est une réalité, que la résurrection est une réalité, et qu'Allah ressuscitera ceux qui sont dans les tombes. Alors Munkar dira à Nakir : Éloigne-toi de nous, il a été enseigné sa preuve."