Préférences pour les proches et ceux parmi eux à qui la Zakat ne peut être versée

2. Ahmad ibn Muhammad from has narrated from Ali ibn al-Hakam from Muthanna’ from abu Basir who has said the following: “Once someone asked him (the Imam) ‘Alayhi al-Salam, when I was hearing, saying, ‘Can I pay Zakat to my relatives and they do not know (this belief)? He (the Imam) said, ‘Do not pay Zakat to anyone who is not a Muslim, but give them from other things.’ Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, then said, ‘Do you think that Allah has made just Zakat obligatory on one’s assets? In fact, other things that Allah has made obligatory on one’s assets are more than Zakat. You pay to relatives, to one who asks you and you pay as long as you do not know him to be hostile; but when you learn that he is hostile, then do not pay him anything unless you are afraid of his tongue, in which case you buy your religion and dignity from him.’”

Un homme a demandé à Abi Basir alors que j'étais présent : "Puis-je donner la zakat à mes proches qui ne sont pas musulmans ?" Il a répondu : "Ne donne la zakat qu'à un musulman, mais tu peux leur donner autre chose. Puis Abu Abdullah (sur lui la paix) a dit : "Pensez-vous que dans la richesse, la zakat est la seule obligation que Dieu a imposée ? En dehors de la zakat, il y a plus à donner à la parenté et à celui qui te demande, même si tu ne le connais pas. Si tu le connais et que tu n'as pas peur de sa langue, alors achète ta religion et ton honneur de lui."

3. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Nasr who has said the following: “I once asked al-Rida’, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a man who has relatives, friends and followers who love ’Amir al-Mu’minin, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, but they do not acknowledge the owner of this issue (one who possesses Divine Authority) if he can give Zakat to them. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, he cannot give Zakat to them.’”

J'ai demandé à l'Imam Ridā (que la paix soit sur lui) au sujet d'un homme ayant des proches, des partisans et des adeptes qui aiment l'Emir des Croyants (que la paix de Dieu soit sur lui et sur sa famille), mais qui ne reconnaissent pas le détenteur de ce commandement s'ils peuvent lui donner l'aumône. Il a répondu : Non.

4. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id from al-Nadr ibn Suwayd from Zur’ah ibn Muhammad from abu Basir who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a man who owes Zakat and has needy relatives who do not know (one who possesses Divine Authority). ‘Can he give Zakat to them?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘No, he cannot give them and it is not an honor. He must not make Zakat to guard his assets. He can give them from his other assets if he likes.’”

Le contenu principal du hadith est un enseignement sur la manière de gérer la zakat et les proches dans le besoin, soulignant qu'il ne faut pas considérer la zakat comme une protection pour son argent et qu'il est permis de donner en dehors de la zakat aux proches nécessiteux qui ne savent pas.

5. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn from Safwan ibn Yahya from ‘Abd al- Rahman ibn al-Hajjaj who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘Zakat cannot be given to five kinds of people: father, mother, children, slaves, and one’s wife, because they are one’s dependents for whom one must provide sustenance.’”

Il a dit : "Cinq personnes ne reçoivent rien de l'aumône légale (zakat) : le père, la mère, l'enfant, l'esclave et la femme, car ils sont les ayants droit de celui-ci."

6. Ahmad ibn Idris and others have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Ahmad from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Hamid from abu Jamilah from Zayd al-Shahham who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘Zakat can be given to one’s brother, sister, uncle, aunt (paternal and maternal); but it cannot be given to grandfather and grandmother.’”

Dans la zakat, on donne aux frères, aux sœurs, aux oncles, aux tantes, aux grands-oncles, aux grandes-tantes, mais on ne donne pas aux grands-pères ni aux grand-mères.

7. Muhammad ibn Yahya and Muhammad ibn ‘Abd Allah have narrated from ‘Abd Allah ibn Ja‘far from Ahmad ibn Hamzah who has said the following: “I once asked abu al-Hassan, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a man who is one of your followers whose relatives all speak of you and he owes Zakat; can he pay all of his Zakat to them. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, he can do so.’”

Il est permis à un homme de donner toute son aumône à ses proches qui témoignent en faveur de l'Imam.

8. Muhammad ibn abu ‘Abd Allah has narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ali ibn Mahziyar from who has said the following: “I once asked abu al-Hassan, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a man who pays all of his Zakat to his relatives who have accepted you as their Waliy (one who possesses Divine Authority). He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, he can do so.’”

J'ai demandé à propos de l'homme qui donne toute sa zakat à sa famille alors qu'ils dépendent de toi, et il a répondu : "Oui".

9. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ‘Imran ibn ’Isma‘il ibn ‘Imran al-Qummiy who has said the following: “I once wrote to abu al-Hassan, the third, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, and asked, ‘I have children, men and women. Can I pay from Zakat anything to them?’ He (the Imam) wrote to me, ‘It is permissible for you.’”

Il m'a été rapporté par une chaîne de transmission fiable que j'ai écrit à Abi al-Hasan al-Thalith (que la paix soit sur lui) pour lui demander s'il était permis de donner une partie de la zakat à mes enfants, hommes et femmes, et qu'il m'a répondu affirmativement.

10. Ahmad ibn Idris and others have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from certain persons of our people from Muhammad ibn Jazzak who has said the following: “I once asked al-Sadiq, abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, ‘Can I give one out of ten of my asset to the children of my daughter? He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, it is not harmful.’”

Je peux donner un dixième de ma richesse aux enfants de ma fille ? - Oui, il n'y a pas de mal.