Essuyage de la tête et des pieds

3. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from Shadhan ibn al-Khalil, from Yunus, from Hammad, from Al- Husayn who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a man who wears a turban and it is difficult for him to remove it because of the cold. He (the Imam) said, ‘He can push his finger under the turban.”’

J'ai dit à Abu Abdullah (que la paix soit sur lui) : Un homme a fait ses ablutions alors qu'il était en état d'impureté majeure, il lui est difficile de retirer son turban à cause du froid. Il m'a dit : Qu'il introduise son doigt.

4. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father and Muhammad ibn ’Isma‘il from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan all from Hammad ibn ‘Isa from Hariz from Zurarah who has said the following: “I once said to abu Ja’far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, ’Please teach me on what basis you say that wiping is only on certain portions of the head and feet.’ He (the Imam) smiled and then said, ‘O Zurarah, the Messenger of Allah has said so and the book from Allah is revealed about it. It is because Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, says, “Wash your faces.” From this we learn that one must wash the whole face. He (Allah) then has said, “And (wash) your hands upto (from) the elbows.” He (Allah) then has placed a disjointing in the statement saying, “You must wipe with.of your heads.” From His saying, “With/of your heads” we learn that wiping is only for a portion of the head because of His use of (Arabic letter) al-Ba’ (which means, “with” or “of”). He then has joined (the case of) the feet with that of the head. He has joined the rule of hands with the face, saying, “. . . and your feet up to the ankles” from which we learn that since He has joined it (wiping of feet) with the case of the head, wiping (of the feet) is also for certain portions of it. The Messenger of Allah explained it to people but they lost it. He (Allah) then says, “If you cannot find water, take a Tayammum with clean soil. Wipe your faces and hands therewith.” (5:6) Since He (Allah) has set aside Wudu’ in case you cannot find water He has established wiping (of face partially) as substitute for washing. He has said, “Wipe with/of your faces” and then has joined it with the expression, “and (wipe) your hands” and thereafter has said, “therewith” that is the soil. It is because He (Allah) knows that all of it (soil) does not go to the face. Some of the soil remains attached to certain parts of the palm and not to the other parts. He (Allah) then says, “Allah does not want to sanction in religion such matters that cause you hardships.” Hardships are difficulties.’”

Le Messager d'Allah (que la prière d'Allah et Son salut soient sur lui) a expliqué que l'ablution peut être accomplie en passant la main sur certaines parties du corps si l'eau n'est pas disponible, et que le tayammum peut être fait avec de la terre pure. Il a souligné que la religion ne doit pas être une source de contrainte pour les croyants, et que la difficulté n'est que l'étroitesse d'esprit.

5. Ali has narrated from his father from Hammad from Hariz from Zurarah who has said the following: “Abu Ja’far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘In the case of women it is sufficient for them to wipe the front portion of their head the size of three fingers without removing their head scarf.’”

La femme peut se contenter de passer trois doigts lors du passage de la main sur sa tête et elle ne doit pas enlever son voile.

6. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn abu Nasr who has said the following: “I once asked abu al-Hassan, al-Rida, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about wiping the backs of the feet as to how they must be wiped. He (the Imam) placed the palm of his hand over his toes add wiped to the ankles over the back of the feet. I then said, ’I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, what happens if one places two fingers and wipes up to the ankle?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘No, it must be done with one’s palm.’”

J'ai demandé à propos du masḥ (essuyer) sur les deux pieds, comment le faire. Il a alors posé sa paume sur les orteils et les a essuyés jusqu'aux talons, jusqu'à la partie visible du pied. J'ai dit : "Puisses-tu être sacrifié pour lui, si un homme disait de ses doigts de cette manière ?" Il répondit : "Non, seulement avec sa paume."

7. Ahmad ibn Idris has narrated from Muhammad ibn Ahmad from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Yunus who has said the following: “One who had seen abu al-Hassan, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, in Mina narrated to me that he (the Imam) wiped over his feet to the ankles and from the ankles toward the backs of his feet and said that the matter about wiping the feet is simple. One may wipe forward or backward; it is one of the matters in which ease is granted by the will of Allah.’” (Fatwa best explains this Hadith.)

Celui qui a vu Abu al-Hasan (que la paix soit sur lui) à Mina frotter le dessus de ses pieds du haut de son pied jusqu'au talon, et du talon jusqu'au haut du pied, et dire que l'affaire du frottement des deux pieds est large, que celui qui veut frotter le devant le fasse, et que celui qui veut frotter l'arrière le fasse, car c'est une affaire large, si Allah le veut.

8. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Hammad from Hariz from Zurarah who has said the following: “He (the Imam) has said, ‘If you take Wudu’ and instead of wiping your feet wash them, thinking that this is what is obligatory, it is not considered Wudu’.’ He (the Imam) then said, ‘First you must wipe your feet. Then if you like to wash them and you did so thereafter wipe them to make it the last obligatory act (of Wudu’).”’

Si tu fais tes ablutions et que tu commences par essuyer tes pieds, pensant que c'est obligatoire, ce n'est pas considéré comme une ablution. Commence plutôt par essuyer tes pieds. Si tu te rends compte que tu dois faire un lavage, alors lave-les et ensuite essuie-les pour que ce soit la dernière étape de cette obligation.

9. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn from al-Hakam ibn Miskin from Muhammad ibn Marwan who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘One may live for sixty or seventy years while Allah has not accepted not even one of his Salah (prayer).’ I (the narrator) then asked, ‘How can that happen?’

Il viendra sur un homme âgé de soixante-dix ans sans qu'Allah n'accepte de lui aucune prière. J'ai demandé : Comment cela se peut-il ? Il a répondu : Parce qu'il néglige ce qu'Allah a ordonné de faire.

10. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ali ibn ’Isma‘il from Ali ibn al-Nu‘man from al-Qasim ibn Muhammad from Ja‘far ibn Sulayman, his uncle who has said the following: “I once asked abu al-Hassan, Musa, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, saying, ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, if the back of one’s slipper is torn and he pushes his hand through the torn portion to wipe the back of his feet, is this acceptable?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, it is sufficient.’”

Il est permis à un homme de passer sa main pour essuyer le dessus de son pied si celui-ci est découvert.

11. Al-Husayn ibn Muhammad has narrated from Mu‘alla’ ibn Muhammad from al-Washsha’ from Aban from Zurarah who has said the following: “Abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘Ali, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, once took Wudu’. He washed his face and forearms, then wiped on top of his head and over his shoes but he did not push his hand under his shoelaces.’” (Fatwa best explains this Hadith.)

Ali (que la paix soit sur lui) fit ses ablutions, puis se lava le visage et les bras, puis passa sa main sur sa tête et ses sandales sans y introduire sa main sous les chaussures.

12. Muhammad ibn Yahya in a marfu‘ manner has narrated from the following: “About a man who dyes his head with henna and notices it during Wudu’, abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al- Salam, has said, ‘It is not permissible until water reaches the skin of his head.’”

Concernant celui qui teint ses cheveux avec du henné puis commence son ablution, il a dit : "Il n'est pas permis tant que l'eau n'atteint pas la peau de sa tête."