1005
Chapitre
Salah (Prayer) Is Made Obligatory (Chapters 3-15, practical rules about prayer are best expressed in the form of fatwa.)
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1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Hammad ibn ‘Isa and Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa and Muhammad ibn ’Isma‘il from af-Fadl ibn Shadhan all Hammad ibn ‘Isa from Hariz from Zurarah who has said the following: “I once asked abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about how much of Salah (prayer) Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, has made obligatory. He (the Imam) said, ‘During one day and night five Salah (prayer) are made obligatory.’ I then asked, ‘Has He named and explained them in His book?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, Allah, most High has said to His Holy Prophet, “Perform Salah (prayer) after the sun declines to the west, on midday until the darkness of the night.” (17: 78). The sun declines on midday. There are four Salah (prayer) between midday and the darkness of the night. Allah has named, explained and timed them. Darkness of night is in midnight. He, most Blessed, most High has then said, “. . . and the recitation (performing Salah (prayer)) at dawn and recitation at dawn was witnessed (attended by the angels of the day and those of the nights).” These are five Salah (prayers). Allah, most High about this issue has said, “Perform Salah (prayer) on both ends of the day, [which is sunset and morning], and in a part of the night.” (11:116) This is al-Tsha’ Salah (prayer) He, most High has said, “Preserve Salah (prayer) especially the middle Salah (prayer).” (2:239) Middle Salah (prayer) is al- Dhuhr Salah (prayer) which is the first Salah (prayer) the Messenger of Allah performed. It is in the middle of two Salah (prayer) during the day, the morning and al-‘Asr Salah (prayer). In some of the recitations it is said, “Preserve Salawat (prayers) and the middle Salah (prayer).” Middle Salah (prayer) is al-‘Asr Salah (prayer).’ About the words of Allah, “Stand up praying before Allah,” he (the Imam) said, ‘This verse was revealed on Friday when the Messenger of Allah was on a journey. The Messenger of Allah prayed before Allah on Friday and left it in that condition during a journey or when at home. For those at home he added two Rak‘ats. He reduced two Rak‘at which the Holy Prophet, had added on Friday for people when at home, because of the two sermons which a prayer leader delivers. Those who perform Friday prayer without congregation, they perform it four Rak‘at like al-Dhuhr Salah (prayer) in other days.’”
Isnādعَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ جَمِيعاً عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ
قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) عَمَّا فَرَضَ الله عَزَّ وَجَلَّ مِنَ الصَّلاَةِ فَقَالَ خَمْسُ صَلَوَاتٍ فِي اللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ... فَمَنْ صَلَّى يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ فِي غَيْرِ جَمَاعَةٍ فَلْيُصَلِّهَا أَرْبَعَ رَكَعَاتٍ كَصَلاَةِ الظُّهْرِ فِي سَائِرِ الأيَّامِ.
2. Through the chain of his narrators Hammad has narrated from Hariz from Zurarah who has said the following: “Abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘Of Salah (prayer) Allah has made ten Rak‘at obligatory on His servants. In such Salah (prayer) there are the recitations; thus, conjectures, mistakes in such Salah (prayer) are not acceptable. The Messenger of Allah added seven Rak‘ats in which conjectures, mistakes are dealt with according to certain rules, but there are no recitations in them.’”
IsnādHammad a rapporté de Hariz, de Zurara, de l'Imam Abu Ja'far (que la paix soit sur lui)
Il a dit : "Ce que Dieu a prescrit aux serviteurs en termes de prières est de dix unités, comprenant la récitation, sans y inclure l'oubli. Puis le Messager de Dieu (que la prière de Dieu et Ses bénédictions soient sur lui et sa famille) a ajouté sept unités, incluant l'oubli sans y inclure la récitation."
3. Through the chain of his narrators Hammad has narrated from Hariz from Zurarah who has said the following: “‘Abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘Allah has made Salah (prayer) obligatory. The Messenger of Allah has established ten kinds of traditions in Salah (prayer): Salah (prayer) at home and during a journey. Salah (prayer) due to fear is of three kinds. There is Salah (prayer) because of sun eclipse and moon eclipse. There is Salah (prayer) of the two ‘Id. There is Salah (prayer) for rain and (lastly) Salah (prayer) for a deceased.’”
IsnādPar l'intermédiaire de Hammad, de Hariz, de Zurara, qui a dit: Abu Ja'far (que la paix soit sur lui) a dit:
Allah a prescrit la prière et le Messager d'Allah (que la prière d'Allah et Sa paix soient sur lui et sur sa famille) a institué dix façons de prier : la prière en temps de résidence et en voyage, la prière en cas de peur, sur trois façons, la prière de l'éclipse solaire et lunaire, la prière des deux fêtes, la prière pour demander la pluie, et la prière pour les morts.
4. Hammad has narrated from Hariz from Zurarah from who has said the following: “About the words of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, ‘Salah (prayer) in Mawqut (with certain timing) form was written on believers’ abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘it means obligatory.’”
IsnādHammād a rapporté de Harīz, de Zurāra, de Abī Ja'far (que la paix soit sur lui)
concernant la parole d'Allah, Le Très-Haut : "La prière est pour les croyants une prescription à des temps déterminés." (Coran 4:103)
5. Hammad has narrated from Hariz from Zurarah from who has said the following: “I once asked abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about what is obligatory in Salah (prayer). He (the Imam) said, ‘Time, al-Tahur (cleansing), facing al-Qiblah (al-Ka‘bah), paying attention, al-Ruku‘, al-Sujud and praying. The rest are optional in an obligatory duty.’”
IsnādḤammād de Ḥarīz de Zurāra a dit: J'ai interrogé Abū Ja'far (que la paix soit sur lui) au sujet des obligations dans la prière. Il a dit: Le moment, la pureté rituelle, la qibla, l'intention, l'inclinaison, la prosternation, et l'invocation. J'ai demandé s'il y avait autre chose, il a répondu: C'est une pratique recommandée dans une obligation.
Le moment, la pureté rituelle, la qibla, l'intention, l'inclinaison, la prosternation, et l'invocation sont des obligations dans la prière. C'est une pratique recommandée dans une obligation.
6. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Hammad ibn ‘Isa who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘Salah (prayer) has four thousand limits (rules).”’ “In another Hadith it is said that in Salah (prayer) there are four thousand doors (chapters).”
Isnādعَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام)
Pour la prière, il y a quatre mille règles. Et dans une autre narration, pour la prière, il y a quatre mille portes.
7. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from ‘Umar ibn ’Udhaynah from Zurarah who has said the following: “Abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘There are ten Rak‘at in Salah (prayer). There are two for al- Dhuhr, two for al-‘Asr, two Rak‘at of Morning, two Rak‘at of al-Maghrib and two Rak‘at of al-‘Isha’ al-Akhirah. In these many of Salah (prayer) conjectures (mistakes) are not acceptable. If one faces conjectures in such Salah (prayer), he performs it again. They are Salah (prayer) which Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, made obligatory on believers in al-Quran. He (Allah) delegated Muhammad, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, and he (the Holy prophet) increased seven Rak‘at. They are of Sunnah and have no recitations. They have Tasbih (Allah is free of all defects), Tahlil, (no one deserves worship except Allah) Takbir (Allah is great beyond description), and prayer. Conjectures in these Rak‘at are (dealt with according to certain rules). The Messenger of Allah increased two Rak‘at for those at home in al- Dhuhr, al-‘Asr, al-‘Isha’, al-Akhirah and one Rak‘at to al-Maghrib for those at home as well as for those on a journey.’”
IsnādAli ibn Ibrahim a rapporté de son père, de Ibn Abi 'Umayr, de 'Umar ibn Udhayna, de Zurara, de Abu Ja'far (que la paix soit sur lui)
Il a dit : "Dix unités de prière, deux unités pour Dhuhr, deux unités pour 'Asr, deux unités pour Fajr, deux unités pour Maghrib, et deux unités pour 'Isha. Aucune conjecture n'est permise dans celles-ci. Celui qui fait une conjecture dans l'une d'entre elles, il a anticipé la prière de manière incorrecte. C'est la prière qu'Allah, le Puissant et Majestueux, a prescrite aux croyants dans le Coran, et qu'Il a déléguée à Muhammad (que la prière d'Allah et Ses bénédictions soient sur lui et sa famille). Le Prophète (que la prière d'Allah et Ses bénédictions soient sur lui et sa famille) a augmenté la prière de sept unités, qui sont une sunna dans laquelle il n'y a pas de récitation, mais plutôt des glorifications, des louanges, des déclarations de grandeur et des invocations. La conjecture ne se trouve que dans celles-ci. Le Messager d'Allah (que la prière d'Allah et Ses bénédictions soient sur lui et sa famille) a également ajouté pour la prière de celui qui réside, par opposition à celui qui est en voyage, deux unités pour Dhuhr, 'Asr et 'Isha, et une unité pour Maghrib, pour celui qui réside et celui qui est en voyage."
8. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Hammad from al-Halabiy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘Acts of Salah (prayer) fall in three categories; They are Tahur (cleansing), Ruku‘ (bowing down on one’s knees), and Sujud (prostration).”’
Isnād`Alī ibn Ibrāhīm rapporte de son père, de Ibn Abī 'Umayr, de Ḥammād, de al-Ḥalabī, de Abī 'Abdillāh (sur lui la paix), qui a dit :
La prière est composée de trois tiers : un tiers de purification, un tiers de inclinaison (rak'ah) et un tiers de prosternation (sujūd).