Règles concernant les marins et les personnes voyageant très souvent

2. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn from Safwan ibn Yahya from al-‘Ala’ from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “One of the two Imam, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘Sailors when in their vessel are not required to perform their Salah (prayer) as reduced as well as muleteers and camel drivers.’ In another Hadith it is said that muleteers perform their Salah (prayer) as reduced when the journey becomes condensed, like walking two days of journey in one day.’”

Il n'y a pas de raccourcissement pour les anges dans leur vaisseau, ni pour les singes et les chameaux. Et dans une autre narration : "Les singes, lorsqu'ils sont fatigués, doivent être raccourcis". Il a dit : "Et le sens de la fatigue des singes est qu'ils font de deux maisons une seule maison."

3. Muhammad ibn al-Hassan and others have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Nasr who has said the following: “I once asked al-Rida’, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a man who has a country estate where he goes and stays for one, two or three days. Is he required to perform his Salah (prayer) complete or reduced? He (the Imam) said, ‘He is required to perform his Salah (prayer) complete whenever he is there.’”

J'ai interrogé l'Imam Ridā (que la paix soit sur lui) au sujet d'un homme qui se rend dans sa propriété et y séjourne un jour, deux jours ou trois jours : doit-il raccourcir ou compléter la prière ? Il a répondu : Il doit compléter la prière chaque fois qu'il atteint une de ses propriétés.

4. Muhammad ibn al-Hassan has narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ali ibn Asbat from ibn Bukayr who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a man who goes hunting for one, two or three days. Is he required to perform his Salah (prayer) as reduced? He (the Imam) said, ‘No, he cannot perform as reduced. However if one escorts one’s brother in belief, then it is permissible to do so. Hunting is a way of falsehood and Salah (prayer) is not performed as reduced.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘When you escort your brother in religion you can perform your Salah (prayer) as reduced.’” “A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Barqiy from certain persons of his people from Ali ibn Asbat a similar Hadith.

Le contenu principal du hadith concerne la permission de raccourcir la prière pour celui qui accompagne son frère dans la religion lors de la chasse, mais pas pour celui qui chasse seul. La chasse est considérée comme une activité non justifiée pour raccourcir la prière, sauf en cas d'accompagnement mutuel.

5. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Khalid from his father from Sulayman ibn Ja‘far al- Ja‘fariy from those whom he has mentioned who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘Arabs (desert dwellers) do not perform their Salah (prayer) as reduced because their homes are with them.’”

Les Bédouins ne raccourcissent pas leur prière, car leurs demeures sont avec eux.

6. Muhammad ibn ’Isma‘il has narrated from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan, from Muhammad ibn abu ‘Umayr, from ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn al- Hajjaj who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a man who has certain country estates which are near each other to which he goes and stays. Is he required to perform his Salah (prayer) as complete or reduced? He (the Imam) said, ‘He is required to perform his Salah (prayer) as complete.’”

J'ai demandé à Abu 'Abdullah (sur lui la paix) : "Un homme peut avoir une partie de sa terre proche d'une autre partie, et il en sort pour y résider, doit-il la compléter ou la raccourcir ?" Il a répondu : "Il doit la compléter."

7. Al-Husayn ibn Muhammad has narrated from Mu‘alla’ ibn Muhammad from al-Washsha’ from Hammad ibn ‘Uthaman who has said the following: “About the words of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, ‘. . . one who is compelled and who is not a rebel or transgressor. . .’(2:168) abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, This rebel is a rebel to hunt. The transgressor is a thief and they do have permission to eat dead animals when they are compelled; it is unlawful for them. It is not for them as it is for the Muslims and they must not perform their Salah (prayer) as reduced (when hunting or stealing)”’

Quant à la parole d'Allah, le Très-Haut : "Celui qui est contraint sans être transgresseur ni agresseur...", il a dit : "Le transgresseur est celui qui transgresse la chasse, et l'agresseur est celui qui vole. Il n'est pas permis à ces deux-là de manger de la charogne s'ils y sont contraints, car elle est interdite pour eux. Elle n'est pas sur eux comme sur les musulmans, et il ne leur est pas permis de raccourcir la prière."

8. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Faddal from ibn Bukayr from ‘Ubayd ibn Zurarah who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a man who goes for hunting. Can he perform his Salah (prayer) as reduced? He (the Imam) said, ‘He is required to perform his Salah (prayer) as complete, because it is not a journey in the way of truth.’”

Il doit la compléter car ce n'est pas une distance qui justifie de raccourcir.

9. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Yunus from Ishaq ibn ‘Ammar who has said the following: “I once asked him (the Imam), ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of sailors and desert dwelling Arabs. Can they perform their Salah (prayer) as reduced? He (the Imam) said, ‘No, they cannot do so because their homes are with them.’”

`J'ai interrogé sur les habitants des villes et les Bédouins s'ils étaient responsables de leurs actes, il a répondu : Leurs maisons sont avec eux.`

10. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ‘Imran ibn Muhammad from ‘Imran al-Qummiy from certain persons of our people who has said the following: “I once asked him (the Imam), ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a man who goes hunting to a place which is one or two day’s journey away. Is he required to perform his Salah (prayer) as complete or reduced? He (the Imam) said, ‘If he goes to provide for his family, he is not required to fast, and performs his Salah (prayer) as reduced. If he goes in search for useless reasons then he cannot perform his Salah (prayer) as reduced and it is not honorable.’”

J'ai dit à l'Imam Abu 'Abdillah (que la paix soit sur lui) : "Un homme part à la chasse pour une journée ou deux, il jeûne ou il ne jeûne pas ?" Il a répondu : "S'il sort pour subvenir à ses besoins ou à ceux de sa famille, qu'il rompe le jeûne et qu'il raccourcisse la prière. Mais s'il sort pour des futilités, alors non, il n'y a ni récompense ni noblesse en cela."

11. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from ‘Abd Allah ibn Ja‘far from Muhammad ibn Jazzak who has said the following: “I once wrote to him (the Imam), ‘Alayhi al-Salam, ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause. I have a few camels and I have a caretaker for them. At certain times I go to them on the way to Makkah because of desire for Hajj or for al-Nadrah (rarely) in certain places. Is it necessary to perform my Salah (prayer) as complete and fast, or as reduced? He (the Imam) wrote in answer, ‘If you are not always with them and do not go on the journey with them all the time except the journey to Makkah, you must perform your Salah (prayer) as reduced and do not fast.’”

[Le contenu principal du hadith]