Règle concernant l'Intérêt Illicite

3. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Mansur from Hisham ibn Salim who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who consumes Riba ’ and he considers it lawful. He (the Imam) replied, ‘It does not harm him as long as he does not consume it knowing that it is unlawful, in which case he will face the condition of one who is mentioned in the words of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious. “Those who take unlawful interest will stand before Allah (on the Day of Judgment) as those who suffer from a mental imbalance because of Satan’s touch; they have said that trade is just like unlawful interest. Allah has made trade lawful and has forbidden unlawful interest. One who has received advice from his Lord and has stopped committing sins will be rewarded for his previous good deeds. His affairs will be in the hands of Allah. But one who turns back to committing sins will be of the dwellers of hell wherein he will live forever.” (2:275)’”

J'ai demandé à Abu Abdullah (que la paix soit sur lui) au sujet d'un homme qui consomme de l'usure tout en pensant que c'est interdit pour lui. Il a dit : "Cela ne lui nuit pas tant qu'il ne le fait pas délibérément. Mais s'il le fait délibérément, alors il se place dans la même position que celle qu'Allah, le Puissant et Majestueux, a mentionnée."

4. Ahmad ibn Muhammad from has narrated from al-Washsha’ from abu al-Mighra’ from al-Halabiy, who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘Any kind of Riba ’ people have consumed in ignorance then repented, such repentance is accepted if such repentance is found in them.’ He (the Imam) then said, ‘If a man inherits goods, from his father and knows that there is Riba ’ in it but is mixed in trade with other lawful goods it is lawful and clean for him and he has permission to consume such properties. If however, he comes to know the Riba ’ item, he then must separate his capital and return the Riba’ property. If one earns a great deal of property in which there is a great deal of Riba’ but does not know such property exactly and afterwards comes to know it and wants to remove it, what is passed is for him but he must stay away from Riba ’ in coming times.’”

Abu Abdullah (sur lui la paix) a dit : "Tout intérêt que les gens ont consommé par ignorance, puis se sont repentis, il est accepté d'eux une fois que leur repentir est connu. Et s'il arrive qu'un homme hérite de son père une somme d'argent, sachant qu'il y a de l'intérêt dedans, mais qu'il s'est mélangé dans le commerce avec d'autres biens licites, alors qu'il le consomme, car il est licite et pur. Mais s'il reconnaît qu'il y a de l'intérêt, qu'il prenne le principal de son argent, qu'il rejette l'intérêt. Et si un homme a bénéficié d'une grande somme d'argent dans laquelle il y a plus d'intérêt qu'il ne le pensait, puis l'a découvert plus tard et veut s'en débarrasser pour ce qui s'est passé, il peut le garder et le laisser pour ce qu'il va entreprendre à l'avenir."

5. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Hammad from al-Halabiy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that once a man came to my father and said, ‘I have inherited a certain amount of property and I knew the owner from whom I inherited received Raba’ and I know with certainty there is Riba’ in it and I do not feel happy to consume it because of my knowledge about it. I asked the scholars of law of Iraq about it and they said, ‘It is not lawful to consume it.’ Abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, said, ‘If you know exactly Riba’ property in it and you know the owner also, you must separate it and return to the owner. If it is mixed you can consume it in good health and pleasure. It is your property but you must stay away from what the previous owner would do. The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, granted relief to what is passed and prohibited from Riba ’ in coming times. If one is ignorant he is exempt, until he comes to know of the unlawfulness of Riba Once a person learns that Riba ’ is unlawful and punishment becomes necessary if one consumes Riba’ just as it (punishment) is necessary for one who has consumed Riba’.’”

Un homme est venu voir mon père et lui a dit : "J'ai hérité d'une propriété et j'ai découvert que son propriétaire précédent pratiquait l'usure. Je suis convaincu de cela, mais il ne m'est pas agréable de consommer ce bien en raison de ma connaissance à ce sujet. J'ai consulté les savants de l'Irak et du Hidjaz, et ils m'ont dit qu'il n'était pas permis de le consommer." Abu Ja'far (que la paix soit sur lui) a répondu : "Si tu sais qu'il contient des biens licites et des biens illicites, prends la part licite et laisse le reste. S'il est mélangé, consomme-le de manière modérée. Car cet argent t'appartient, mais évite ce que son propriétaire faisait. En effet, le Messager d'Allah (que la prière d'Allah et Son salut soient sur lui et sa famille) a annulé ce qui avait été perçu comme intérêts passés et a interdit ce qui restait. Celui qui l'ignore, son ignorance lui est pardonnée jusqu'à ce qu'il le reconnaisse. Une fois qu'il reconnaît son interdiction, il lui est interdit et il est tenu de subir la punition pour cela s'il s'y engage, de la même manière que celui qui consomme des intérêts."

6. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Hammad ibn ‘Isa from Ibrahim ibn ‘Umar af-Yamaniy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that Riba’ is of two kinds: One kind is that which is consumed and the other kind is not consumed. The gift that one presents to someone in order to receive Thawab (rewards from Allah) is better. Of this kind is the Riba’ which is consumed as it is mentioned in the words of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, ’The Riba’ in which you are involved so it increases in people’s property does not increase before Allah.’ (30:38) The other kind of Riba’ is that which Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, has prohibited and has warned those involved in it with punishment in the fire.”

قَالَ الرِّبَا رِبَاءَنِ رِبًا يُؤْكَلُ وَرِبًا لا يُؤْكَلُ فَأَمَّا الَّذِي يُؤْكَلُ فَهَدِيَّتُكَ إِلَى الرَّجُلِ تَطْلُبُ مِنْهُ الثَّوَابَ أَفْضَلَ مِنْهَا فَذَلِكَ الرِّبَا الَّذِي يُؤْكَلُ وَهُوَ قَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَما آتَيْتُمْ مِنْ رِباً لِيَرْبُوَا فِي أَمْوالِ النَّاسِ فَلا يَرْبُوا عِنْدَ اللهِ وَأَمَّا الَّذِي لا يُؤْكَلُ فَهُوَ الرِّبَا الَّذِي نَهَى اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ عَنْهُ وَأَوْعَدَ عَلَيهِ النَّارَ.

7. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn abu ‘Abd Allah from ‘Uthman ibn ’Isa from Sama‘ah who has said the following: “I once said to abu ’Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, ‘I have noticed that Allah, most High, has mentioned Riba’ in more than one passages of the Holy Quran. He (the Imam) asked, ’Do you know why He has done so?’ I (the narrator) replied, ’No, I do not know.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is because He wants people not to deny performing good and benevolent deeds.’”

Un groupe de nos compagnons a rapporté de Ahmad ibn Abi Abdullah, de Uthman ibn Isa, de Sama'ah, qui a dit : J'ai demandé à Abi Abdullah (sur lui la paix) : "J'ai vu qu'Allah le Très-Haut a mentionné l'usure sans verset spécifique et l'a répété." Il a dit : "Sais-tu pourquoi ?" J'ai dit : "Non." Il a dit : "Afin que les gens ne puissent pas éviter de pratiquer le bien."

8. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Hisham ibn Salim who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, has prohibited receiving Riba’ so that people do not deny acts of benevolence and compassion.”

Dieu, exalté soit-Il, a seulement interdit l'usure afin que les gens ne s'éloignent pas de la pratique du bien.

9. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad and Ahmad ibn Muhammad from all from ibn Mahbub from Khalid ibn Jarir from abu al-Rabi‘ al-Shamiy who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who received Riba’ in ignorance, then he wanted to stay away from Riba’. He (the Imam) said ’What is passed is for him and he must stay away in the coming times.’ He (the Imam) then said, ’Once a man visited abu Ja’far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, and said, “I have inherited a certain amount of property and noticed that the owner of that property was involved in Riba’. I asked the scholars of law of Iraq and Hijaz and they said that consuming it is not lawful.” Abu Ja’far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, said, “If you know the Riba’ item distinctly and know the owners of such property, you must return it to them, if you know it is Riba’, take away your capital and leave the rest. If the property is mixed, you can consume them in good health and with pleasure; the property is your property and stay away from what your companion was involved in. The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, exempted what had passed of Riba’. One who is ignorant is exempt and is allowed to consume such property. Once he comes to know then it becomes unlawful for him to consume. If he consumes after knowing, it becomes necessary on him what has become necessary on one who consumes Riba’.’””

10. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Faddal from ibn Bukayr from ‘Ubayd ibn Zurarah who has said the following: “I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, saying, ‘Riba’ comes in existence only in what is measured or is weighed.”

Il n'y a pas d'usure sauf dans ce qui est mesuré ou pesé.

11. Ahmad ibn Muhammad from has narrated from ibn Faddal from ibn Bukayr from ‘Ubayd ibn Zurarah from who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, was informed about a man who consumed Riba ’ and called it fresh milk. Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, said, ‘Had Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, made it possible for me I most certainly would strike his neck.’”

Si Allah Tout-Puissant me donne pouvoir sur lui, je le frapperai à la nuque.

12. Ahmad ibn Muhammad from has narrated from ibn Faddal from abu Jamilah from Sa‘d ibn Tarif who has said the following: “Abu Ja’far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘The filthiest earning is earning by means of Riba , . ,,,

Le plus impur des gains est le gain de l'usure.