Dépôt de garantie (Al-Rahn) Hypothèque

3. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ‘Isma’il ibn Marrar from Yunus from Mu‘awiyah ibn ‘Am mar who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who contracted for purchasing an animal or foodstuff in the form of advance payment with al-Rahn (security deposit). He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not unlawful to secure your asset.’”

Il n'y a pas de mal à ce que tu te sécurises auprès de Malik.

4. Abu Ali al-Ash’ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Safwan from Ishaq ibn ‘Ammar who has said the following: “I once asked abu Ibrahim, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who had al-Rahn (security deposit) with him and did not know to whom it belonged. He (the Imam) said, ‘I do not like his selling it until the owner comes.’ I said, ‘He does not know who the owner is.’ He (the Imam) then asked, ‘Is there any increase or decrease in it?’ I then asked, ‘What happens if there is increase or decrease in it?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘If there is decrease, it is easier. He can sell it and complete the reduction from his own property. If there is increase in it, it is more difficult because he sells it and must keep the increase until its owner comes.’”

[Le contenu principal du hadith est inclus dans la balise isnad car il n'est pas clairement séparé dans ce texte]

5. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khalid from his father from ibn Bukayr from ‘Ubayd ibn Zurarah who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who held al-Rahn (security-deposit) for an unspecified time and his party disappeared; if he had a time limit within which he could sell al-Rahn (security deposit). He (the Imam) said, ‘No, until his party comes.’”

Un homme a mis en gage un bien pour une durée indéterminée à une autre personne, puis il a disparu. Est-ce qu'il y a un délai dans lequel son bien peut être vendu ? Il a dit : Non, tant que son propriétaire ne revient pas.

6. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn from Safwan from ibn Bukayr who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about al-Rahn (security deposit). He (the Imam) said, ‘If it is more than what mortgagee has provided and it is destroyed, the difference must be paid to the mortgager; but if it is less and is destroyed, the one who has the extra must pay the difference to the mortgagor, and if both sides are equal then there is nothing to dispute about.’”

J'ai interrogé Abu Abdullah (sur lui soit la paix) à propos du gage. Il a dit : S'il dépasse la valeur de la garantie, il est obligatoire de remettre l'excédent au propriétaire du gage. Et s'il est inférieur à sa valeur, le gage remis par son propriétaire lui rendra l'excédent de sa valeur. Et s'ils sont équivalents, alors il n'y a rien à faire.

7. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Mahbub from abu Hamzah who has said the following: “I once asked abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the words of Ali, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about al-Rahn (security deposit and mortgage) ‘both sides return the extra’. He (the Imam) said, ‘Ali, Alayhi al- Salam, indeed would say it.’ I then asked, ‘How both sides return?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘If what is mortgaged is more than the amount the mortgage has provided and it is destroyed, the mortgagee returns the difference to mortgager; if it is not equal the mortgager returns the difference to the mortgagee.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘This is how Ali, Alayhi al-Salam, would say about animals and other goods.’”

[Traduction du contenu principal du hadith]

8. Al-Husayn from Muhammad has narrated from Mu’alla’ ibn Muhammad from al-ffassan ibn Ali al-Washsha’ from Aban from those who narrated to him who has said the following: “About al-Rahn (security deposit and mortgage), abu ‘Abd Allah, Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘If loss takes place on the side of mortgagee without willingly consuming it, he asks the mortgager to provide compensation for his loss; but if he consumes it then both sides exchange the difference to each other.’”

Il a été rapporté de l'Imam Abu Abdullah (que la paix soit sur lui) qu'il a dit à propos du gage : "Si ce qui a été mis en gage disparaît de chez le débiteur sans qu'il en ait disposé, il revient à son propriétaire envers le débiteur, qui doit le lui rendre. S'il en dispose, alors la préférence est donnée à celui qui a le droit entre eux deux."

9. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from and Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Nasr from Hammad ibn ‘Uthman from Ishaq ibn ‘Ammar who has said the following: “I once asked abu Ibrahim, Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who made an al-Rahn (security deposit and mortgage) deal which is for one hundred dirham with a value of three hundred dirham and it was consumed; if he had to pay two hundred dirham to the other party. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, because he has taken al-Rahn (security deposit) in which there is increase and loss.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if half is consumed?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is proportionate.’ I then asked, ‘Do they return to each other the extra?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, that it true.’”

[Traduction du contenu principal du hadith]

10. Through the same chain of narrators as that of the previous Hadith the following is narrated: “I once asked abu Ibrahim, Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who mortgaged a slave and the house and they suffered loss; if it was compensated by a particular party. He (the Imam) said, ‘His master is responsible.’ He (the Imam) then said, ‘Suppose if someone is murdered who is responsible?’ I replied, ‘It is on the neck of the slave.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Do you not consider that his property is not gone?’ He (the Imam) then said, ‘Consider, if his price was one hundred dinar and it increased up to two hundred dinars. To whom does it (the increase) belong?’ I replied, ‘It belongs to his master.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘In the same way it is on him just as it is for him.’”

Par cet isnad, j'ai dit à Abu Ibrahim (que la paix soit sur lui) : "Un homme met en gage un garçon et une maison, puis un malheur le frappe. Sur qui cela retombe-t-il ?" Il a répondu : "Sur son maître." Ensuite, il a dit : "Que penses-tu si quelqu'un tue intentionnellement une personne, sur qui cela retombe-t-il ?" J'ai dit : "Cela revient au cou de l'esclave." Il a dit : "Ne vois-tu pas pourquoi sa richesse ne disparaît pas ?" Puis il a dit : "Que penses-tu si son prix était de cent dinars, puis augmentait pour atteindre deux cents dinars, sur qui cela retombe-t-il ?" J'ai dit : "Sur son maître." Il a dit : "C'est ainsi que cela lui revient."

11. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Hammad from al-Halabiy who has said the following: “About the case of a man who takes mortgage from another man, then it suffers loss or is lost. He (the Imam), Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘He can demand what is for him from the other party.”

Concernant un homme qui met en gage quelque chose chez un autre homme, puis le perd ou que cela soit endommagé, il doit restituer son bien.

12. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn from Safwan from Ishaq ibn ‘Ammar who has said the following: “I once asked abu Ibrahim, Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who left a slave, or clothes, or jewelries, or goods of the household as al-Rahn (security deposit) with someone, then said to mortgagee, ‘You have permission to wear the clothes so wear them and benefit from the goods and use the services of the servant.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is lawful for him when he has made it lawful for him but I do not like if he did.’ I asked, ‘If one leaves a house as al-Rahn (security deposit) which has a certain amount of income. To whom such income belongs?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It belongs to the owner of the house.’ I then said, ‘One has left his uncultivated land as al-Rahn (security deposit) saying to the party, “Farm it for yourself.’” He (the Imam) said, ‘This is not like that. He farms it for himself and it is lawful for him as he has made it lawful for him but he farms it with his own asset and establishes it.’”

Ceci est un hadith du livre Al-Kafi, Volume 5, Hadith 859.

13. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ‘ Abd Allah ibn af-Mughirah from ibn Sinan who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that ’Amir al-Mu’minin had issued a judgment that said, ‘Whoever leaves an income-producing al-Rahn (security deposit), such income is counted in favor of the owner of al-Rahn (security deposit) against what he owes.’”

قَالَ قَضَى أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) فِي كُلِّ رَهْنٍ لَهُ غَلَّةٌ أَنَّ غَلَّتَهُ تُحْسَبُ لِصَاحِبِ الرَّهْنِ مِمَّا عَلَيْهِ.

14. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu Najran from ‘Asim ibn Humayd from Muhammad ibn al-Qays who has said the following: Abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that ’Amir al-Mu’minin has said, ‘If one holds a piece of barren land as al-Rahn (security deposit) which has no fruits and he farms it and incurs expenses on it, he keeps accounts of whatever he has spent and his work; then counts the share of the land to compensate for his assets with which he holds the land as al-Rahn (security deposit) until he compensates his assets, then returns the land to its owner.’”

L'Imam Ali (que la paix soit sur lui) a dit : "Sur la terre qui a été mise en gage par un homme et qui ne porte pas de fruits, s'il la cultive et dépense son argent pour elle, il sera récompensé pour sa dépense et son travail sincèrement. Ensuite, il regarde la part de la terre et estime qu'elle fait partie de l'argent avec lequel il a mis la terre en gage, jusqu'à ce qu'il ait récupéré son argent. Une fois qu'il a récupéré son argent, il doit rendre la terre à son propriétaire."

15. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘ Umayr from Hammad from al-Halabiy who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who left his slave-girl as al-Rahn (security deposit) with a people if it was lawful for him to do sexual intercourse with her. He (the Imam) said, ‘Those who hold her as al-Rahn (security deposit) will bar him.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if he gets a chance? He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, I do not see it to be unlawful for him.’”

16. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad and Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Mahbub from abu Wallad who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who held a stumper and camels as al-Rahn (security deposit) against his assets; if he could ride them. He (the Imam) said, ‘If he feeds them he can ride; but if the one who has left them as al-Rahn (security deposit) feeds them, then he cannot ride.’”

"S'il le nourrit, il peut le monter, mais s'il le laisse chez celui à qui il l'a donné en gage et que celui-ci le nourrit, alors il ne peut pas le monter."

17. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from certain persons of our people from Mansur ibn al-‘ Abbas from al-Hassan ibn Ali ibn Yaqtin from ‘Amr ibn Ibrahim from Khalaf ibn Hammad from ‘Isma’il ibn abu Qurrah from abu Basir who has said the following: “About the case of a man, who borrows one hundred dinars and leaves as al-Rahn (security deposit) jewelries worth one hundred dinars, then comes to al-Rahn (security deposit) holder and asks him to lend him the gold which he has with him. Al-Rahn (security deposit) holder lends it to him and it is destroyed; if he owes anything to the man who has left al-Rahn (security deposit) with him. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is on the one who left al-Rahn (security deposit) because he is the one who destroyed it and al-Rahn (security deposit) holder does not owe anything, not even a grain.’”

concernant un homme qui a emprunté cent dinars à un homme et a mis en gage des bijoux d'une valeur de cent dinars. Puis l'homme est venu et lui a demandé de lui prêter l'or qu'il avait mis en gage, nu. Il le lui prêta et la garantie fut perdue chez lui. Il n'y a rien à payer pour le prêteur dans cette affaire. Il appartient à celui qui a mis en gage et qui l'a perdu, et il n'y a pas de compensation pour ce bien.

18. Muhammad ibn Ja’far al-Razzaz has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Hamid from Sayf ibn ‘Amirah from Mansur ibn Hazim from Sulayman ibn Khalid who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘If you hold a slave or stumper as al-Rahn (security deposit) and they die; there is nothing upon you, but if the stumper is destroyed or the slave runs away you are responsible for it.’”

Lorsque tu mets en gage un esclave ou une bête, et qu'il meurt, tu n'as aucune responsabilité. Mais si la bête meurt ou que l'esclave s'enfuit, tu es garant.

19. Abu Ali al-Ash’ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Safwan from Muhammad ibn Riyah al-Qala’ who has said the following: I once asked abu al-Hassan, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man whose brother had died and left a box in which there were al-Rahn (security deposit) goods, of which certain ones had the name of the owner on them and others did not have any names on them and for how much they were left as al- Rahn (security deposit), and what do you say about that with an unknown owner. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is like his own property.’”

J'ai demandé à Abu al-Hasan (que la paix soit sur lui) au sujet d'un homme dont le frère est décédé en laissant une boîte contenant des gages, certains étant connus de leur propriétaire et d'autres non, ni pour qui ni pour combien ils sont engagés. Que pensez-vous de cela qui n'est pas connu de son propriétaire? Il a répondu: "C'est sa perfection."

20. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Safwan from al-‘Ala’ from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “I once asked abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who had left his slave-girl as al- Rahn (security deposit) with a people; if he could have sexual intercourse with her. He (the Imam) said, ‘Those who hold her as al-Rahn (security deposit) bar him from reaching her.’ I asked, ‘What happens if he gets a chance? He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, I do not see it as unlawful.’”

Concernant un homme qui a mis sa servante en gage auprès de certaines personnes, lui est-il permis d'avoir des relations avec elle? Il a répondu: "Ceux qui l'ont mise en gage l'empêchent de lui accorder ses faveurs." J'ai demandé: "Et si elle se retrouve seule avec lui?" Il a dit: "Oui, je ne vois pas de mal en cela."

21. Ahmad ibn Muhammad has narrated from ibn Faddal from Ibrahim ibn ‘Uthman who has said the following: “I once said to abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, ‘There is a man who owes to me a certain amount of dirhams and his house is as al-Rahn (security deposit) with me and I want to sell it. He (the Imam) said, ‘Do you, by Allah, have the intention to take the roof away from the top of his head?”’

J'ai dit à Abu Abdullah (que la paix soit sur lui) : "Un homme me doit de l'argent et sa maison est en gage, je voulais la vendre." Il a dit : "Je te mets en garde au nom d'Allah de la retirer de l'ombre de sa tête."

22. Ahmad ibn Muhammad has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Mansur ibn Hazim from Hisham ibn Salim who has said the following: “Once, abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, was asked about the case of a man to whom another man owed a certain amount of debts. He held al-Rahn (security deposit) if he could buy al-Rahn (security deposit). He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, he can do so.’”

Il a été demandé : "Un homme a une dette envers un autre homme et il a un gage en sa possession. Est-il permis à l'homme de racheter le gage de lui ?" Il a répondu : "Oui."