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Chapitre
Chapter 13(a) - Matters about which Amir al-Mu’minin, ‘ Alayhi al-Salam, Recommended at the Time of War
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1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from certain individuals of his people from abu Hamzah from ‘Aqil al-Khuza’iy who has said the following: “Amir al-Mu’minin, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, during a war recommended the Muslims with these words: ‘You must perform your Salat (prayer) regularly, preserve it, perform it very often and seek thereby nearness to Allah. It was made obligatory for the believing people. The unbelievers found out when they were asked, “What has led to Saqar?” (74:46) They replied, “We were not of those who performed Salat (prayer).” The believing people who do not become disturbed because of worldly attractions, delightfulness of their eyes because of wealth and children realize its significance and know its proper time to be performed and think of it as very graceful. Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Glorious, has said, “There are men who do not become disturbed because of business and trade when they speak of Allah and performing Salat (prayer).” The Messenger of Allah after receiving the glad news of paradise had fixed himself in performing Salat (prayer). Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Glorious, has said, “Command your family to perform Salat (prayer) and exercise patience during Salat (prayer).” (20:132) ‘He would command his family to perform Salat (prayer) and himself would exercise patience during performing Salat (prayer). Thereafter Zakat along with Salat (prayer) is made a means of getting nearer to Allah for the people of al-Islam and upon the people of al-Islam. One who does not perform it with his soul delighted and then expects to receive a reward better than Salat (prayer) he is ignorant of the Sunnah, suffers loss in matters of his reward and his life ends in confusion. He remains regretful because of disregarding the command of Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Glorious, and not paying attention to what the virtuous servants of Allah had great inclinations. Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Glorious, has said, “We turn away whoever follows a path other than that of the believing people, to whatever he loves.” (4:115) ‘Thereafter is keeping of trust. One who is not a person of trust suffers a great loss and his deeds become confused. It was introduced to the well established heavens, well stretched earth and well fixed mountains. Other things are not taller, wider, higher and greater than them. If tallness, wideness, greatness, power and majesty were needed to refuse they could use them. They feared punishment, thus refused to accept the trust. Thereafter is Jihad. It is the noblest one of the deeds after al-Islam. It is the pillar of religion. The reward for it is great with majesty and highness. It is an opportunity in which there is goodness and glad news of paradise after martyrdom and sustenance with the Lord and honor. ‘Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Glorious, has said, “You must not think of those who are murdered for the cause of Allah as dead. . . .” (3:169) Fear and fright of doing Jihad, when there is demand for Jihad, and supporting to cause confusion is straying in religion, losses in the worldly matters, humiliation and lowliness. In it there is reason to deserve hellfire because of fleeing during advancing against the enemy and fighting. Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Glorious, has said, “O believers, when you face the unbelievers during and advancing against the enemy you must not turn your backs to them.” (8: 15) ‘You must observe the commandments of Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Glorious, in such conditions and exercise patience therein. It is honor, salvation and safety in this world and in the next world, which is full of frightening matters and fear. Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Glorious, is not concerned about what the servant commits during the nights and days although His knowledge of their activities is subtle. All of these are in the book. My Lord does not become confused and forget. You must exercise patience, encourage others to exercise patience and ask Allah for help. You must settle your souls upon fighting. Maintain piety before Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Glorious. Allah is with those who maintain piety and those who do good deeds.”’
Isnādعَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ عَقِيلٍ الْخُزَاعِيِّ
Lorsque l'Imam Ali (que la paix soit sur lui) se préparait pour la guerre, il recommandait aux musulmans en disant : "Engagez-vous à la prière, veillez sur elle, multipliez-la et rapprochez-vous de Dieu par elle. Car elle était pour les croyants un livre prescrit. Les mécréants savaient cela lorsqu'on leur demandait ce qui les avait conduits en Enfer, ils répondaient : 'Nous n'étions pas parmi ceux qui priaient.' Ils reconnaissaient alors le droit de la prière. Les croyants qui ne sont pas détournés d'elle par les plaisirs matériels ou les biens, ni par les enfants, sont honorés par elle. Dieu dit : 'Des hommes à qui le commerce et les affaires ne distraient pas de l'évocation de Dieu et de l'établissement de la prière.' Le Prophète (que la paix soit sur lui et sa famille) se préparait lui-même à la prière après avoir reçu la bonne nouvelle du Paradis de la part de son Seigneur. Dieu dit : 'Ordonne à ta famille la prière et sois patient en elle.' Il ordonnait à sa famille de prier et lui-même montrait de la patience dans la prière. Ensuite, l'aumône légale a été instituée en complément de la prière, comme un sacrifice pour les musulmans envers les musulmans. Celui à qui la Zakat n'est pas donnée avec une intention pure, espérant en retour quelque chose de plus précieux, est ignorant de la Sunna, perdant sa récompense, sa vie sera vaine, regrettant d'avoir négligé l'ordre de Dieu et aspirant à ce qui est bon. Les serviteurs de Dieu disent : 'Et quiconque... suit un chemin autre que celui des croyants, Nous lui ferons ce qu'il a choisi de responsabilité.' Celui qui n'est pas digne de confiance a perdu ce qui ne lui appartient pas, et ses actions lui seront présentées devant les cieux élevés, la terre étendue, et les montagnes dressées. Ni la longueur, ni la largeur, ni la hauteur, ni la grandeur ne les empêcheront. S'ils pouvaient s'en échapper, ils le feraient. Le Jihad est l'acte le plus noble après l'Islam, il est le pilier de la religion, et la récompense y est immense, avec la dignité et la retenue. C'est là où les bonnes actions sont détestées, mais le Paradis est promis après le témoignage, et la subsistance est assurée par le Seigneur demain, avec l'honneur. Dieu dit : 'Ne pense pas que ceux qui sont tués dans le sentier de Dieu soient morts.' Ensuite, la peur et l'effroi de la lutte pour ceux qui la méritent et pour ceux qui la recherchent par vanité sont une égarement dans la religion et une perte dans ce monde, avec l'humiliation et la petitesse. C'est là où le feu répond en fuyant à l'avancée, lorsque le combat est imminent. Dieu dit : 'Ô vous qui croyez! Lorsque vous rencontrez ceux qui ont mécru en marchant, ne leur tournez pas le dos.' Veillez sur l'ordre de Dieu en ces moments, la patience en cela est une noblesse, un bonheur et un salut dans ce monde et dans l'au-delà, loin de l'effroi et de la terreur. Car Dieu ne se soucie pas des actes que Ses serviteurs commettent jour et nuit, Il est doux en connaissance de cela, et tout est inscrit dans un Livre qui n'ég
2. In the Hadith of ibn Ishaq the following is narrated from abu Sadiq who has said the following: “I heard Ali, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, encourage people during three battle places. They were the battle of al- Jamal, Siffin and al-Nahrawan. He spoke to people and said, ‘Servants of Allah, you must maintain piety before Allah and cast down your eyes, lower your voices, reduce your speeches, settle your soul on walking in the arena of war to do your best. Face the enemy, make best use of your weapons, strive to win, close up on to the enemy, force your enemy to flee and stay steadfast. Speak of Allah very often, perhaps you succeed. You must not quarrel among yourselves lest you fail and will be humiliated. Exercise patience; Allah is with those who exercise patience.’”
IsnādYazid ibn Ishaq a rapporté d'Abu Sadiq, qui a dit : J'ai entendu Ali (que la paix soit sur lui) dire :
Il encourageait les gens à trois occasions : lors de la monte des chameaux, lors de la tonte des moutons et le jour de la fête du sacrifice. Il disait : "Ô serviteurs d'Allah, craignez Allah, baissez les regards, modérez vos voix, limitez vos paroles, préparez-vous pour les discussions, les débats, les combats, les confrontations, les disputes, les étreintes, les accolades, soyez constants et mentionnez Allah abondamment, afin que vous réussissiez... Ne vous disputez pas, sinon vous échouerez et votre force s'en ira. Soyez patients, car Allah est avec les patients."
3. In Hadith narrated from ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn Jundab from his father who has said the following: “Amir al-Mu’minin, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, in every battlefield we faced our enemies issued his commandments and said, ‘You must not fight the people before they attack you; you by the grace of Allah possess authority and good cause. Your allowing them to attack you first is another valid point in support of the good cause. When you defeat them you must not pursue the fleeing, you must not hurt the wounded and you must not expose anyone’s privacy.’”
IsnādAbderrahmane ibn Joundab a rapporté de son père que l'Imam Ali (que la paix et les bénédictions de Dieu soient sur lui) a dit:
Dans un lieu où nous rencontrons nos ennemis, l'Imam Ali ordonnait: "Ne combattez pas le peuple tant qu'ils ne vous attaquent pas, car vous êtes, louange à Dieu, sur une preuve, et en les laissant faire le premier pas, ils vous fourniront une autre preuve. Et lorsque vous les aurez vaincus, ne tuez pas les fuyards, ne poursuivez pas les blessés, ne dévoilez pas les secrets et ne mutiler pas les morts."
4. In a Hadith from Malik ibn A’yan the following is narrated: “In the battle of Siffin, Amir al-Mu’minin, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, encouraging people said, ‘Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Glorious, has shown you a bargain and a deal which will save you from the painful torment. Belief in Allah and Jihad for the cause of Allah bring you very close to goodness. He makes your reward to be forgiveness of your sins and fine dwellings in paradise of Eden. Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Glorious, has said, “Allah certainly loves those who fight for His cause and stand firm as solid and strong structures.” (61:4) ‘You must form yourselves in straight lines like solid and strong structures. Allow those with coats of arms to be in front and those without it to be the next. You must fix your back-teeth against each other; it makes the sword strike harder on the head of the enemy. Launch your spears, they move swiftly. Look with a lower angle; it ties down excitement and relaxes the heart. Silence voices; it keeps failure away and it is better for dignity. You must not allow your banners to incline and you must not remove them. You must not allow anyone other than brave people to carry them. The defenders of what is very important, who can exercise patience in difficult conditions, deserve to be the protectors. You must not mutilate those who are killed, and when you reach the men of the enemy you must not expose privacies, you must not enter any house, you must not take anything of their properties except what you find with their army. You must not disturb any woman with mistreatment; and if they use bad words against your honor, men, virtuous ones among you, it is because they suffer from physical, psychological and intellectual weakness. We were ordered to hold our hands back from them and they were pagan women. If a man would take upon women this would remain a flaw in him and in his descendants after him. You must take notice, people capable of protecting important matters deserve to carry the banner to provide it protection and others walk on the sides, behind and in front of them, and they must not lose sight of it (the banner) and must not remain far behind nor must they go far ahead to become separated. I pray to Allah to grant blessings to one who cooperates with his brother (in faith) with his person. One should not leave his peer against his brother so that his peer and his brother fight. This brings regret and humiliation. This inevitably becomes his (enemy’s) fight against two people if he holds his hands back and has left his peer alone against his brother and has run away. He just looks to him and this one. If one does it he has angered Allah. You must not expose yourselves to the anger of Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Glorious. “Running away does not benefit you even if you run away from death, or from being killed, because thereafter you will not benefit more than very little.” (33:16) I swear by Allah, if you run away from the swords nearby, you will not escape from the swords later on. You must seek help by exercising patience and truthfulness. Victory comes only after exercising patience. You must do Jihad for the cause of Allah, the way Jihad should be done and there is no power without Allah.’ “He (the Imam), ‘Alayhi al-Salam, passed by the banner of the people of al-Sham and found them holding their position. He said, ‘They will not move from their position without a blow which is hard and expels the soul out, and a blow that splits the skull, crushes the bones and makes the arms and the hands to fall off so that their forehead is crushed by the iron bars, their eyebrows scatter over their chest and chin. Where are people of patience and seekers of reward?’ A group of the Muslims marched to them. The right flank of this group returned back to the center and exposed those opposite to them. He, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, moved forward until he reached them and said, ‘I saw your attack and retreat away from your positioned lines. It was your moving that provided a chance for the unjust and tyrants of al-Sham. You are the top most among Arab and the great peak, the beauty of the nights because of your recitations of the Holy Quran and the callers from among the people of the truth, while the sinners are lost. Were it not for your advance after your retreat and your regrouping after giving way to the enemy, you could have become subject to what those fleeing from the enemy during an advancing operation need to face for turning their backs to the enemy. I would find you of those being destroyed. My concerns are to a small degree reduced and my chest to a small degree is comforted. This happened when I saw you gain the ground over them as they had against you and you were able to remove them from their positions as they had done to you. I saw you strike them with your sword until their first line was toppled over the last line like the camel driven away. You must exercise patience. Comfort has come upon you and Allah has made you steadfast with certainty, so that the defeated notice that he is making his Lord angry. He hates his own self. In fleeing from the battle there is the anger of Allah, the inevitable humiliation, and a remaining stigma and destruction of ways of one’s living. There is no increase in the longevity of life of the fleeing person, no barrier between him and his day of death, and his Lord does not become happy with him. One’s death with truthfulness before achieving such characteristics is better than remaining with them and dwelling upon them.’ “In another of his speech he, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘When you face these people (the enemy) tomorrow do not fight them before they attack you. When they attack you then rise against them. You must remain calm and dignified. You must fix your backside teeth against the teeth of opposite side. It delivers a harder hit on the skulls. Keep your eyes lower and look at the foreheads of the horses and the faces of men. Reduce your speech; it keeps failure and argumentations away. You must settle your souls up facing the enemy openly, to advance and to attack. You must remain steadfast and speak of Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Glorious, very often. One who protects what is important in difficult times is of the protecting people who keep their banner on the side and others walk on its sides and in front. When you attack do it with such coordination as if it is one man’s attack. You must be protective; war is bitter. You must not allow them (enemy) to attack you after retreat or to advance to you after an unpredictable move. If one surrenders, accept it from him. Seek help from exercising patience; victory from Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Glorious, follows exercising patience. Allah’s servants will inherit the earth and the good end belongs to those who maintain piety before Allah.’”
Dans le hadith de Malik ibn A'yan, il a dit: "L'Imam Ali (que la paix soit sur lui et sa famille) a incité les gens à se rassembler à Siffin et a dit: 'Certes, Allah, Le Très-Haut, vous a guidés vers un commerce qui vous sauvera d'un châtiment douloureux et vous guérira par vous-mêmes pour le bien, la foi en Allah et le jihad dans le chemin d'Allah. Il a fait de sa récompense le pardon des péchés, des demeures agréables dans les jardins d'Eden. Et Il a dit: 'Certes, Allah aime ceux qui combattent dans Son chemin en rangs serrés, comme s'ils étaient un édifice compact.' Alors, alignez vos rangs comme un édifice compact, placez les braves à l'avant et les lâches à l'arrière, et serrez les coudes. Abaissez vos regards, car c'est plus fort pour la fermeté, apaisez les voix, car c'est plus efficace contre l'échec, et soyez dignes. Ne penchez pas vos bannières, ne les enlevez pas et ne les placez qu'avec courage, car celui qui empêche la défaite est celui qui a de la patience lorsque la vérité se manifeste. Ceux-là sont les gardiens. Ne représentez pas un tué. Et lorsque vous atteignez les hommes d'une tribu, ne violez pas leur intimité, n'entrez pas dans leurs maisons, ne prenez rien de leurs biens sauf ce que vous trouvez dans leurs armées. Ne provoquez pas une femme, même si elle insulte votre honneur, maudit vos ancêtres ou insulte vos dirigeants, car elles sont faibles en force, en âme et en esprit. Nous étions ordonnés de les protéger, alors qu'elles étaient polythéistes. Et si un homme prend une femme et la critique, il en subira les conséquences. Sachez que les gardiens sont ceux qui protègent leurs bannières, les entourent, les tiennent devant et derrière, et ne les perdent pas. Ne vous éloignez pas de votre frère, car celui qui le fait réunira sa propre honte et apportera la honte. Comment cela ne serait-il pas le cas alors qu'il combat les deux, tenant la main de l'un et fuyant l'autre, le regardant? Et celui qui agit ainsi est maudit par Allah. Ne vous exposez pas à la malédiction d'Allah, car votre destination est vers Allah. Allah a dit: 'La fuite ne vous sera d'aucun secours si vous fuyez la mort ou le meurtre, et vous ne profiterez que peu de temps. Par Allah, si vous fuyez les épées immédiates, vous ne serez pas à l'abri des épées ultimes. Alors, cherchez de l'aide dans la patience et la sincérité, car la victoire vient après la patience. Luttez pour Allah comme Il le mérite, car il n'y a de force que par Allah.' Et il a dit (que la paix soit sur lui) lorsqu'il est passé devant une bannière des gens de Sham et que ses compagnons ne bougeaient pas de leurs positions: 'Ils ne bougeront pas de leurs positions sans qu'une attaque ne les atteigne, une attaque qui fera sortir le vent, un coup qui fend l'air, brisant les os, faisant tomber les poignets et les mains, jusqu'à ce que leurs fronts se fendent avec les pointes de fer, et que leurs sourcils se dispersent sur leurs poitrines et leurs joues. Où sont les patients et ceux qui cherchent la récompense? Un groupe de musulmans s'est alors avancé vers lui, et sa bannière est retournée à sa position et à son rang. Il a enlevé son manteau et s'est approché d'eux, disant: 'J'ai vu votre agitation et votre déviation de vos rangs. Les tyrans et les oppresseurs de Sham sont en face de vous, alors que vous êtes les cavaliers arabes, les plus nobles des Arabes, les plus grands défense
5. Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Kufiy has narrated from ibn Jumhur from his father from Muhammad ibn Sinan from Mufaddai ibn ‘Umar Aiso ‘Abd Allah ibn ‘Abd al-Rahman al-Asamm has narrated from Hariz from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that Amir al-Mu’minin, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said to his companions, ‘When you face the enemy during a war you must reduce your speech, remember Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Glorious, very often. You must not turn your backs to them; Allah, the most Blessed, the most High, becomes angry with you and you will become subject to His anger. If you see one of your brother wounded or one who is captured by the enemy or the enemy is about to harm him, you must protect him with your persons.’”
IsnādAhmad ibn Muhammad al-Kufi, de Ibn Jumhur, de son père, de Muhammad ibn Sinan, de Mufaddal ibn 'Umar, de Abu 'Abdullah (que la paix soit sur lui), et de 'Abdullah ibn 'Abd ar-Rahman al-Asamm, de Hariz, de Muhammad ibn Muslim, de Abu 'Abdullah (que la paix soit sur lui)
L'Imam Ali (que la paix soit sur lui) a dit à ses compagnons: "Lorsque vous rencontrez vos ennemis en guerre, parlez peu, mentionnez Allah le Très-Haut, ne leur tournez pas le dos pour ne pas provoquer la colère de Dieu, béni et exalté soit-Il. Si vous voyez parmi vos frères quelqu'un blessé, capturé ou convoité par votre ennemi, protégez-le de vos propres vies."