Les Étiquettes du Commerce

2. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from al-Nawfaliy from al-Sakuniy, who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘One who buys and sells must not engage in five things; otherwise, one must not engage in business of buying and selling: One must stay away from Riba’, swearing, hiding defects in the merchandise, admiring the merchandise when selling and belittling it when buying.’”

Celui qui achète ou vend, qu'il observe cinq caractéristiques, sinon qu'il ne vende ni n'achète: l'usure, le serment mensonger, cacher les défauts des biens lors de la vente, louer les biens lors de la vente et critiquer lors de l'achat.

3. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad and Ahmad ibn Muhammad from and Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father all from ibn Mahbub from ‘Amr ibn abu al-Miqdam from Jabir, who has said the following: “Abu Ja’far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that ’Amir al-Mu’minin, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, lived among you in al-Kufah. He would have one loaf of bread everyday for his lunch and walk in market-places of al- Kufah one by one with a durrah (whip) on his shoulder. It had two strips and it was called al- Sababiyah. He addressed the people of every market-place and said, ‘Those people who do business must maintain piety before Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious.’ People on hearing his voice dropped down whatever they had in their hands, their hearts repented and their ears listened. He (the Imam) would say, ‘You must seek goodness (from Allah) and conclude a transaction with ease, stay close to buyers, dress up with forbearance, stay away from swearing, lying and injustice. Exercise fairness with the oppressed and do not become close to Riba’. Maintain proper measurement and balance. You must not reduce people’s things and you must not spread corruption in the land.’ He (the Imam) would walk in all of market-places of al-Kufah and then return to meet people.”

4. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Ali ibn Muhammad al-Qasaniy from Ali ibn Asbat from ‘Abd Allah ibn al-Qasim ibn Muhammad al-Ja’fariy from certain persons of his family who has said the following: “He (the Imam) has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, did not give permission to Hakim ibn Hizam for business until the later promised to settle the price with a buyer who is regretful about the transaction, extend the time of payment for one who has difficulty to pay and receive the right complete or not as such.”

Le Messager d'Allah (que la paix et les bénédictions d'Allah soient sur lui et sur sa famille) n'a pas autorisé Hakim ibn Hizam à faire du commerce tant qu'il ne lui a pas garanti de ne pas tromper, de ne pas exploiter les nécessiteux, de prendre son dû de manière juste et équitable, et de ne pas être injuste.

5. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn abu ‘Abd Allah, from his father from Khalaf from Hammad from Al-Husayn ibn Zayd al-Hashimiy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘Once Zaynab al-‘Attarah al-Hawla’ visited the wives of the Holy Prophet, and the Holy Prophet, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, also came home when she was with his wives. The Holy Prophet said, ‘When you visit our houses they become full of sweet smelling fragrance.’ She then responded saying, ‘Your houses with your own fragrance are the best, O the Messenger of Allah.’ The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, then said, ‘When you sell perfumes, you must make certain it is not adulterated; maintaining a greater degree of piety before Allah is more protection for wealth.’”

Zaynab Al-Attarah Al-Hawla' est venue voir les femmes du Prophète (que la paix soit sur lui et sa famille). Le Prophète (que la paix soit sur lui et sa famille) est venu les rejoindre et elle était parmi elles. Le Prophète (que la paix soit sur lui et sa famille) a dit: "Quand vous venez, nos maisons sont parfumées." Elle a répondu: "Ta maison, ô Messager d'Allah, est la plus parfumée." Le Messager d'Allah (que la paix soit sur lui et sa famille) lui a dit: "Quand tu vends, sois honnête et ne trompe pas, car c'est plus pieux envers Allah et plus durable pour les biens."

6. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from and Muhammad ‘Isma’il from af-Fadf ibn Shadhan all from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Hisham ibn af-Hakam who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, Alayhi al-Salam, once said to me, ‘If someone asks you to buy for him a certain merchandise, you must not buy it for him from your own shop even if the merchandise from your shop be better.’”

قَالَ إِذَا قَالَ لَكَ الرَّجُلُ اشْتَرِ لِي فَلا تُعْطِهِ مِنْ عِنْدِكَ وَإِنْ كَانَ الَّذِي عِنْدَكَ خَيْراً مِنْهُ.

7. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from al-Nawfaliy from al-Sakuniy, who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘Generosity is of profits.’ The Messenger of Allah said it to a man who had asked for good advice and who had certain merchandise that he wanted to sell.’”

Le Messager d'Allah (que la prière d'Allah et Son salut soient sur lui et sur sa famille) a dit : "La générosité provient de la prospérité." Il a dit cela à un homme qui lui faisait ses adieux alors qu'il avait des biens à vendre.

8. Through the same chain of narrators as the previous one is the following Hadith: “Amir al-Mu’minin, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, once said to a butcher about a slave-girl who had purchased meat from his shop and who was asking for more, ‘You must give her more; it has greater blessings.’”

"Par son isnad, il a été rapporté que l'Imam Ali (que la paix soit sur lui) passa devant une jeune fille qui avait acheté de la viande chez un boucher et lui demandait d'ajouter. L'Imam Ali (que la paix soit sur lui) lui dit : "Demande à ajouter, car c'est plus bénéfique pour la bénédiction."

9. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn abu Najran from Ali ibn ‘Abd al- Rahim from a man who has said the following: “I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, saying, ‘If a man says to another man, ‘Come with me, I will offer you a good deal,’ it becomes unlawful for him to make any profit in that deal.’”

J'ai entendu dire: "Quand un homme dit à un autre homme: 'Viens, améliore ta vente', le profit lui est interdit."

10. Al-Husayn ibn Muhammad has narrated from Mu’alla’ ibn Muhammad from certain persons of our people from Aban from ‘Amir ibn Juza‘ah who has said the following: “I (the narrator) once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a man who had set a price on a certain item of his merchandise. Thereafter whoever purchased that merchandise without asking for any discount, he sold it to them for the same price; but those who asked for a discount he instead increased the price. He (the Imam) said, ‘There is no offense in such increases for two or three men, but if he does so with everyone who asks for a discount then I do not like his selling but for one and the same price.’”

Il a été rapporté de l'Imam Abu 'Abdullah (sur lui la paix) qu'il a dit : "Si un homme fixe un prix connu pour une vente et que celui qui achète reste silencieux, il l'a acheté au prix fixé. Mais s'il le discute et refuse de l'acheter, cela augmente le prix pour lui. Si cela convenait à deux ou trois personnes, il n'y aurait aucun problème. Cependant, s'il le fait avec quelqu'un qui refuse et hésite, et qu'il l'empêche d'autres qui ne le font pas, alors non. Cela ne me plaît pas sauf s'il le vend à un seul prix."

11. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from al-Nawfaliy from al-Sakuniy, who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘The owner of merchandise is more rightful to set up the price for his merchandise.’”

Le Messager d'Allah (que la prière d'Allah et Son salut soient sur lui et sa famille) a dit : "Le propriétaire de la marchandise est plus en droit de fixer le prix."

12. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khalid from Ali ibn Asbat in a marfu’ manner’ has the following: “He (the Imam) has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, prohibited bargaining between dawn and sunrise.”

Le Prophète (que la paix et les bénédictions d'Allah soient sur lui et sa famille) a interdit le jeûne entre l'aube et le lever du soleil.

13. Ahmad ibn Muhammad from has narrated from ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn Hammad from Muhammad ibn Sinan who has said the following: “Abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘I dislike two kinds of transactions: To say, “Drop the merchandise and receive payment”, and buying something without seeing it.’”

Il a déclaré qu'Abu Ja'far (que la paix soit sur lui) désapprouvait la vente de deux biens immobiliers en échange d'un seul, et d'accepter un paiement différé pour un achat tant que le bien n'a pas été vu.

14. Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Ali has narrated from abu Jamilah from Ishaq ibn ‘Ammar who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘Selling above a fair price to one who has left it (pricing) to the seller is Suht (unlawful and filthy).’”

"La tromperie dans la vente est de la fraude."

15. It is narrated from the narrator of previous Hadith from ‘Uthman ibn ‘Isa from Muyassir who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘Selling above fair piece to a believing person is unlawful.’”

"La tromperie envers un croyant est interdite."

16. Ahmad ibn Muhammad has narrated from Ali from Yazid ibn Ishaq from Harun ibn Hamzah from abu Hamzah who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘If one accepts a Muslim’s request to return a merchandise Allah, most High, on the Day of Judgment (returns) reduces his sins.’”

a dit : "Quiconque trompe un musulman lors d'une transaction, Allah le fera trébucher le Jour de la Résurrection."

17. Ahmad has narrated from Ali from Ahmad ibn Ishaq ibn Sa‘d al-Ash’ariy from ‘Abd Allah ibn Sa‘id al-Daghshiy who has said the following: “Once I was at the door of Shihab ibn ‘Abde Rabbihi when the slave of Shihab came out and said, ‘I want to ask Hashim al-Saydananiy about the Hadith on “price and merchandise.’” He (the narrator) has said, ‘I then visited Hashim and asked him about that Hadith.’ He (Hashim) said, “I asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about this Hadith and he (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, whoever has a merchandise or goods with him, Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, sends someone to profit him. He may accept such profit, otherwise, it is turned away from him to others; it is a rejection of the favor of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious.”””

J'étais à la porte de Shihab ibn Abd Rabih quand un garçon de Shihab est sorti et a dit : "Je veux demander à Hashim as-Saydani au sujet du hadith du commerce et des marchandises." J'ai donc rencontré Hashim et je lui ai posé la question sur le hadith. Il a répondu : "J'ai demandé à Aba Abdillah (sur lui la paix) au sujet du commerce et des marchandises, et il a dit : Oui, quiconque possède des marchandises ou des biens, Dieu le Tout-Puissant a désigné celui qui le fera prospérer. S'il accepte, tant mieux, sinon Il le transfère à un autre, car c'est Lui qui en est le véritable propriétaire."

18. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa in a marfu’ manner’ has said the following: “Abu ’Amamah, a companion of the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘I heard the Messenger of Allah saying, “One who has four things his earning is fine: When buying does not belittle the merchandise, when selling does not admire the merchandise, does not adulterate and in between does not swear.’””

"Il y a quatre caractéristiques : celui qui les possède, son gain est certes bénéfique : lorsqu'il achète, il n'est pas avare, lorsqu'il vend, il n'est pas excessif, il ne trompe pas et entre ces deux comportements, il ne jure pas."

19. Ahmad ibn Muhammad has narrated from Salih ibn abu Hammad from Muhammad ibn Sinan from Hudhayfah ibn Mansur from Muyassir who has said the following: “I once said to abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, ‘Most of my clients are from our brothers (in belief). I request you to set for me a limit, how should I deal with them in a transaction so that I will not go beyond that limit.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘If you consider your brother (in belief) as the person in charge it is fine, otherwise, deal with him in a transaction as one deals with a well aware hairsplitting person.”’

Si tu traites ton frère avec bienveillance, c'est bien; sinon, vends comme vend le voyant le discernement.

20. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from ibn Sinan from Yunus ibn Ya’qub from ‘Abd al-‘A’la’ ibn ‘A‘yan who has said the following: “I was told about abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, that he disliked two kinds of transactions: ‘Drop the merchandise without turning its other side and receive payment’, and ‘buying merchandise without seeing’.”

Il a été rapporté de Abu Ja'far (que la paix soit sur lui) qu'il détestait la vente d'un bien pour un autre sans échange immédiat et la vente de ce qui n'a pas été vu.

21. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Al-Husayn ibn Bashshar from a man in a marfu’ manner’ who has said the following: “About the words of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, ‘There are men who do not become distracted from speaking of Allah because of trading and business.’ (24:37) He (the Imam) said, ‘They are the business people who do not become distracted from speaking of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, because of trade and business when it is time for Salat (prayer). They yield to the rights of Allah in such times.’”

"Des hommes dont ni le commerce ni les transactions ne les distraient du rappel d'Allah sont les marchands qui, lorsqu'ils entendent l'appel à la prière, s'acquittent de leur devoir envers Allah à ce moment-là."

22. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Muhammad ibn Al-Husayn from Muhammad ibn ‘Isma’il ibn Bazi’ from Salih ibn ‘Uqbah from Sulayman ibn Salih and abu Shibl who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘A believer’s making profit on another believer is Riba ’ accept if he buys more than a hundred dirham worth of goods, in which case, he can make a profit equal to the expenses of his day, or if he buys it for business and reselling. You may in this case make a profit but you must deal with kindness.’”

Le profit du croyant sur le croyant est un profit, sauf s'il achète pour plus de cent dirhams, alors faites-lui un prêt pour subvenir à ses besoins quotidiens, ou s'il l'achète pour le commerce, alors faites-lui un prêt et soyez bienveillants envers lui.

23. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Muhammad ibn Yahya from Talhah ibn Zayd who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘Amir al-Mu’minin, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘If one does business without knowledge, he plunges in Riba ’ again and again.’ Amir al-Mu’minin, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, would also say, ‘One who does not understand buying and selling must not sit in the market place for doing business.’”

L'Imam Ali (que la paix soit sur lui) a dit: "Celui qui fait du commerce sans connaissance tombe dans l'usure, puis retombe. L'Imam Ali (que la paix soit sur lui) disait: "Que personne ne reste dans le marché sauf celui qui comprend le commerce et la vente."