Les droits de préemption d'Al-Shuf'

3. Ali ibn Muhammad has narrated from Ibrahim ibn Ishaq from ‘Abd Allah ibn Hammad from Jamil ibn Darraj from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “Abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘When division takes place, al-Shuf ’ (one’s rights of pre- emption) ceases to apply.’”

Lorsque les flèches sont décochées, l'intercession est acceptée.

4. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd Allah ibn Hilal from ‘Uqbah ibn Khalid who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, issued a judgment in favor of al- Shuf’ (one’s rights of pre-emption) in the case of partners in the ownership of land and houses, saying, “Harming and causing harm because of suffering harm is not lawful.” He (the Messenger of Allah) also said, “Once division takes place and boundaries are set al-Shuf’ (one’s rights of pre-emption) ceases to exist.’””

Le Messager d'Allah (que la prière d'Allah et Son salut soient sur lui et sa famille) a décrété la médiation entre les associés dans les terres et les habitations, en disant : "Il n'y a ni préjudice ni réciprocité de préjudice." Il a également dit : "Lorsque les frontières sont délimitées et les limites sont fixées, il n'y a pas de médiation."

5. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn from Yazid ibn Ishaq Sh‘ir from Harun ibn abu Hamzah al- Ghanaviy who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about al-Shuf’ (one’s rights of pre-emption) in the case of houses; if it is obligatory on the neighbor to offer to the neighbor because of his priority right to buy. He (the Imam) said, ‘Al-Shuf’ (one’s rights of pre-emption) is applicable in selling if one is a partner; he is more rightful to buy with payment.’”

J'ai demandé à propos de l'intercession dans les transactions. Est-ce une obligation pour le partenaire et est-il présenté au voisin? Il est plus en droit que quiconque. Il a répondu: L'intercession dans les ventes, si elle a un partenaire, il est plus en droit du prix.

6. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from al-Nawfaliy from al-Sakuniy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘Al-Shuf’ (one’s rights of pre-emption) does not apply in the case of Jews and Christians. It only applies to a partner who has not concluded the partnership.’ He (the Imam) has said, that ’Amir al-Mu’minin, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘The Executor of the will for an orphan is like his father who applies al-Shuf’ if it is in his interest’, and he (the Imam) said that al- Shuf’ applies in favor of and absent person also.”

Il n'y a pas d'intercession pour le Juif ni le Chrétien. Il a dit : "Il n'y a d'intercession que pour un associé non partageant." Et il a dit : "L'Imam des croyants (sur lui le salut) et le tuteur de l'orphelin sont à la place de son père, ils intercèdent pour lui s'il le souhaite. Et il a dit : "Il y a intercession pour l'absent."

7. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa ibn ‘Ubayd from Yunus ibn ‘Abd af- Rahman from ‘Abd Allah ibn Sinan who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘Al-Shuf’ (one’s rights of pre-emption) is applicable only between two partners who have not concluded the partnership. If they become three then one of them does not have such right.’”

قَالَ لا تَكُونُ الشُّفْعَةُ إِلا لِشَرِيكَيْنِ مَا لَمْ يُقَاسِمَا فَإِذَا صَارُوا ثَلاثَةً فَلَيْسَ لِوَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ شُفْعَةٌ.

8. Yunus has narrated from certain persons of his people who have said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about al-Shuf ’ (one’s rights of pre-emption), in whose favor it is, in what it is, in whose favor it is proper, if in the case of animals it applies and how it is. He (the Imam) said, ‘ Al-Shuf ’ is applicable to animals, land or assets if it is between two partners and not more than two. When one of them sells his share then his partner has such right more than others, but if they are more than two it does not apply to one of them.’ It is also narrated that it does not apply to anything other than land and houses.”

J'ai demandé à propos de l'intercession, à qui elle s'adresse, dans quoi elle intervient, pour qui elle est bénéfique, et est-ce qu'il y a une intercession pour les animaux et comment cela se passe. Il a répondu : "L'intercession est valable pour tout, que ce soit un animal, une terre ou un bien, lorsque la chose est entre deux associés et personne d'autre. Si l'un des deux vend sa part, son associé a plus de droit sur elle que quiconque. Et s'ils ajoutent tous les deux, il n'y a pas d'intercession pour l'un d'eux. Il a également été rapporté que l'intercession ne se fait que sur les terres et les maisons seulement."

9. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn al-Hakam from al-Kahiliy from Mansur ibn Hazim who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a house which a certain people divided, each one took a piece, built and left in between a courtyard with the driveway on it. A man came and bought the share of someone among them; if he can do so. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, he can do so but he must close his door and open a door to a driveway or climb down from the top of the house and close its door. When the owner of the driveway decides to sell, they have the right more than others, otherwise, it is the pathway through which he comes to set on that door.’”

Il y avait une maison entre des gens, qu'ils se partagèrent. Chacun prit sa part et construisit, laissant entre eux un espace avec leur passage. Un homme vint et acheta la part de certains d'entre eux. Est-ce permis ? Il a dit : Oui, mais il doit fermer sa porte et ouvrir une porte vers le chemin, ou descendre du toit et fermer sa porte. Si le propriétaire du chemin veut l'acheter, ils ont plus de droit. Sinon, c'est son chemin, il peut passer jusqu'à s'asseoir sur cette porte.

10. Humayd ibn Ziyad has narrated from al-Hassan ibn Muhammad ibn Sama‘ah from Ahmad ibn al-Hassan al-Mithamiy from Aban from abu al-‘Abbas and ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn abu ‘Abd Allah who has said the following: “We heard abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, saying, ‘ Al-Shuf ’ (one’s rights of pre-emption) is applicable only between two partners who have not concluded their partnership.’”

"L'intercession ne sera accordée qu'à un associé qui n'a pas divisé."

11. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from al-Nawfaliy from al-Sakuniy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘ Al-Shuf ’ (one’s rights of pre-emption) does not apply to ship, canal or road.’”

Le Messager d'Allah (que la prière d'Allah et Son salut soient sur lui et sur sa famille) a dit : "Il n'y a pas d'intercession dans un bateau, ni dans une rivière, ni sur un chemin."