Rares hadiths sur la dot

2. Al-Hassan ibn Mahbub has narrated from abu Ayyub from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “About the case of a man who marries a woman on her command and decision or according to his decision and command then he or she dies before they go to bed with each other, abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘She can have advantage and inheritance but has no mahr (dower)/ I then asked what happens if he divorces her after marriage according to her command and decision?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘If he divorces her after marriage according to her command and decision her mahr (dower) is not more than the weight of five hundred dirham of silver which is the mahr (dower) of the women of the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause.’”

Un homme a épousé une femme selon son propre jugement, puis il est décédé avant d'avoir eu des relations conjugales avec elle. Elle n'a droit ni à la jouissance temporaire ni à l'héritage, et elle n'a pas de dot. J'ai demandé : "Et si l'homme la répudie alors qu'il l'a épousée selon son propre jugement ?" Il a répondu : "S'il la répudie alors qu'il l'a épousée selon son propre jugement, il ne doit pas lui donner plus de cinq cents dirhams en argent, le montant de la dot des femmes du Messager d'Allah (que la paix soit sur lui et sa famille)."

3. Al-Hassan ibn Mahbub has narrated from abu Jamilah from Mu’alla’ ibn Khunayth who has said the following: “Once abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, was asked, when I was present, about the case of a man who married a woman as the second wife, the first being al-Mudabbarah, a slave-girl (a slave whose freedom is agreed to take place after the death of the master) which was known to the woman but she executed the marriage and then he divorced her before going to bed with her. He (the Imam) said, ‘In my view the woman can have half of the services of al-Mudabbarah, that is one day of her service for the woman and one day of her service for her master/ It was asked, ‘What happens if she dies before the woman and the master and who will have her legacy?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘One-half is for the woman and one-half is for the master.’”

Il a répondu: "Je pense que la femme a droit à la moitié du service de la servante affranchie, où la femme aura un jour de service et le maître qui l'avait affranchie aura un jour de service. On lui demanda : "Si la servante affranchie meurt avant la femme et son maître, à qui reviendra l'héritage ?" Il répondit : "La moitié reviendra à la femme et l'autre moitié reviendra à son maître qui l'avait affranchie."

4. Ibn Mahbub has narrated from al-Harith ibn Muhammad ibn al-Nu’man al-Ahwal from Burayd al-‘Ijliy who has said the following: “I once asked abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who married a woman to teach her a chapter from the book of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious. He (the Imam) said, ‘I do not like his going with her to bed before teaching her the Chapter and giving her something.’ I then asked if giving dates or raisins is enough. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not unlawful if she agrees with whatever it is.’”

J'ai demandé à Abi Ja'far (que la paix soit sur lui) au sujet d'un homme qui a épousé une femme en lui stipulant d'apprendre une sourate du Livre d'Allah, le Tout-Puissant et Majestueux. Il a répondu : "Je préfère qu'il n'entre pas en elle avant de lui enseigner la sourate et de lui donner quelque chose." J'ai demandé : "Est-il permis de lui donner des dattes ou des raisins secs ?" Il a dit : "Il n'y a pas de mal à cela si elle est satisfaite, peu importe ce que c'est."

5. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn al-Hakam from al-‘Ala’ ibn Razin from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “Abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that once a woman came to the Holy Prophet, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, and said, ‘You must give me in marriage.’ The Messenger of Allah, asked, ‘Is there anyone for her?’ A man stood up and said, ‘I am for her, O Messenger of Allah, give her in marriage to me.’ He (the Messenger of Allah) asked, ‘What do you want to give her?’ He replied, ‘I do not have anything.’ He (the Messenger of Allah) said, ‘No, I will not give her in marriage to you.’ She repeated and the Messenger of Allah also repeated his question to people, but no one other than that man said anything. She repeated again and on the third time the Messenger of Allah asked that man, ‘Do you know something from the Quran well?’ He replied, ‘Yes, I know from the Quran.’ He (the Messenger of Allah) said, ‘I give her in marriage to you to teach her what you know well of the Quran.’”

Une femme est venue voir le Prophète (que la prière d'Allah et Son salut soient sur lui) et lui a dit : "Mariez-moi." Le Messager d'Allah (que la prière d'Allah et Son salut soient sur lui) a demandé qui voulait l'épouser. Un homme s'est levé et a dit : "Moi, ô Messager d'Allah, mariez-la-moi." Le Prophète a demandé ce qu'il pouvait lui offrir, et l'homme a répondu qu'il n'avait rien. Le Prophète a alors dit : "Non." Elle a insisté deux fois de plus, et à la troisième fois, le Prophète lui a demandé si elle pouvait lui enseigner quelque chose du Coran. Elle a répondu affirmativement, et le Prophète l'a alors mariée à l'homme en échange de ce qu'elle lui enseignerait du Coran.

6. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Hassan ibn Mahbub from Jamil ibn Salih from al-Fudayl who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who marries a woman for one thousand dirham. He then gives her a runaway slave and a gown made of silk for one thousand dirham for her mahr (dower). He (the Imam) said, ‘If she agrees for the slave and knows his condition, then it is not unlawful if she takes possession of the clothes and has agreed for the slave.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if he divorces her before going to bed with her?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘She will have no mahr (dower) and has to return five hundred dirham and the slave is for her.’”

[Contenu principal du hadith]

7. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Ali ibn abu Hamzah who has said the following: “I once asked al-Rida’, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who marries a woman and her mahr (dower) is a servant. He (the Imam) said, ‘The servant must be of average and medium condition.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if it is a house?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It must be of average and medium condition.’”

Un homme peut-il se marier avec une femme par l'intermédiaire d'un esclave ? - Au milieu des esclaves. - Dans une maison ? - Au milieu des maisons.

8. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn al-Hakam from Ali ibn abu Hamzah who has said the following: “I once asked abu Ibrahim, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who gave his daughter in marriage to the son of his brother with a mahr (dower) of a house and a servant and the man died. He (the Imam) said, ‘Mahr (dower) is paid from medium kinds of assets.’ I (the narrator) than asked, ‘What is the condition of the house and servant?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘The house must be of a medium condition and the servant must be of a medium condition.’ I then asked, ‘Can it be thirty or forty dinar? The house is about that much.’ The Imam said, ‘This is seventy-eighty dinar or one hundred dinar or so.’”

Cela équivaut à soixante-dix ou quatre-vingts dinars, voire cent.

9. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn al-Hakam from ‘Abd Allah al-Kahiliy who has said that narrated to me daughter of al-Hassan sister of abu ‘Ubaydah al-Hadhddha’ who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘ Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who marries a woman with a condition not to marry any other woman with her and she agrees for that as her mahr (dower). He (the Imam) said, ‘This condition is not valid because mahr (dower) can only be like one or two dirham.’”

Cette condition est invalide, le mariage ne peut se faire que pour un dirham ou deux dirhams.

10. Humayd ibn Ziyad has narrated from al-Hassan ibn Muhammad ibn Sama‘ah from more than one person from Aban ibn ‘Uthman from ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn abu ‘Abd Allah who has said the following: “About the case of a man who marries a woman without assigning any mahr (dower) and goes to bed with her, abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘She has a mahr (dower) similar to that for the women of her family.’”

"Un homme a épousé une femme sans lui fixer de mahr (dot), puis il a eu des relations conjugales avec elle. Il lui est alors dit: 'Le mahr des femmes est obligatoire'."

11. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Muhammad ibn Yahya from Ghiyath ibn Ibrahim who has said the following: “About the case of a man who marries a woman for a mahr (dower) payable immediately and a part of it on credit, abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘The due date for payment of what is on credit of mahr (dower) is on their separation or death.’”

Concernant un homme qui se marie avec une femme pour des raisons immédiates et futures, l'Imam a dit : "Le futur implique la mort ou la séparation."

12. Abu Ali al-Ash’ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Safwan from Musa ibn Bakr from Zurarah who has said the following: “About the case of a man who hides the amount of mahr (dower) and in public shows it more, abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘It ( mahr (dower)) is what he hides.’”

concernant un homme qui a dissimulé une partie de la dot et en a dévoilé une autre, il a dit : "Celui qui a dissimulé est celui sur qui repose la responsabilité du mariage."

13. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Hammad from Hariz from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “Abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, once asked, ‘Do you know why mahr (dower) of women has become four thousand?’ I replied, ‘No, I do not know.’ He (the Imam) said, “Umm Habibah, daughter of abu Sufyan was in al-Habashah (Ethiopia) and the Holy Prophet, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, proposed marriage. Al-Najashiy paid four thousand. For this reason they take it, however, the actual mahr (dower) is twelve Awqiyah and one Nashsha.’”

"Sais-tu d'où vient la dot des femmes, fixée à quatre mille [dirhams] ? J'ai répondu : Non. Il a dit : En effet, Umm Ḥabīb bint Abī Sufyān était en Abyssinie, et le Prophète (que la prière d'Allah et Son salut soient sur lui) l'a demandée en mariage. Le Négus lui a versé une dot de quatre mille [dirhams], et c'est ainsi que cette pratique a été établie. Quant à la dot, elle était de douze onces et un nash [unité de mesure]."

14. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Muhammad ibn Ahmad from Musa ibn Ja’far from Ahmad ibn Bashir from Ali ibn Asbat from al-Bitkhiy from ibn Bukayr from Zurarah who has said the following: “About the case of a man who marries a woman for teaching her a chapter from the book of Allah, then divorces her before going to bed with her and what she must receive, abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al- Salam, has said, ‘He owes to teach her half as much of that chapter.’”

concernant un homme qui a épousé une femme sur la base d'une sourate du Livre d'Allah, puis l'a répudiée avant d'avoir eu des relations conjugales avec elle, il doit lui donner la moitié de ce qui est habituellement donné pour une telle sourate.

15. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from al-Nawfaliy from al-Sakuniy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that the Holy Prophet, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘If a woman gives her mahr (dower) as charity to her husband before going to bed with her, Allah writes for her for every dinar freeing of a slave.’ It was asked, ‘O Messenger of Allah, What is for gifting it after going to bed?’ He (the Messenger of Allah) said, ‘That is because of affection and kindness.’”

Toute femme qui donne en aumône à son mari sa dot avant qu'il ne consomme le mariage avec elle, Allah lui inscrit pour chaque dinar affranchissement d'un esclave. On lui demanda: "Ô Messager d'Allah, et qu'en est-il du don après la consommation du mariage?" Il répondit: "Cela relève uniquement de l'affection et de la bienveillance."

16. Abu Ali al-Ash’ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Safwan from ibn Muskan from abu Ayyub al-Khazzaz from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the minimum amount of mahr (dower). He (the Imam) said, ‘It can be a figure of sugar.’”

J'ai demandé : "Quelle est la moindre chose qui puisse être acceptée comme mahr (dot) ?" Il a répondu : "Une équivalence en sucre."

17. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from al-Nawfaliy from al-Sakuniy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘Allah forgives every sin on the Day of Judgment except non-payment of mahr (dower), usurpation of wages and selling free people.’”

"Certes, Allah pardonnera tous les péchés le Jour de la Résurrection, sauf le droit d'une femme, celui qui viole un contrat en échange d'une rémunération, son salaire, et celui qui vend un homme libre."

18. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Khalid from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from al-Mashriqiy from a group who narrated to him who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘Imam pays debts of believing people except mahr (dower) of women.’”

Il a dit : "L'Imam doit rembourser les dettes des croyants, sauf celles des dots des femmes."