L'étiquette de la demande de paiement — Al-Kāfi - Volume 5

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1. Al-Husayn ibn Muhammad has narrated from Mu’alla’ ibn Muhammad from al-Hassan ibn Ali from Hammad ibn ‘Uthaman who has said the following: “Once, a man came to abu ‘ Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, to complain before him (the Imam) against one of his companions. In a little while the defendant came in and abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, asked, ‘Why does so and so complain against you?’ He replied, ‘It is because I asked him for payment of what he owes to me.’ He (the narrator) has said that abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, then sat straight with anger and said, ‘It seems as if when you demand for payment of what others owe, you do not consider it maltreating him. Consider what Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, has said in His book, ‘They fear dreadful accounting.’ (13:21) Do you think they fear that Allah will do injustice to them? No, by Allah, that is not the case. They did not fear anything but demand for payment of what is owed to them and Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, has called it (demand for payment) dreadful accounting, thus one who demands payment has maltreated him (debtor).”’

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2. Muhammad ibn Yahya in a marfu’ manner has narrated the following: “He (the narrator) has said that a man once said to abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, ‘A man of Al- Husayniy people owes me a certain amount. Asking him for payment has become tiring for me. We had an argument about it and I am afraid something may happen between us that will make me sad.’ Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, said, ‘This is not a proper manner of asking for payment. When you go to him next time sit with him for a long time and remain quiet.’ The man has said, ‘I followed the instruction and shortly thereafter I received full payment.’”

IsnādMuhammad ibn Yahya a rapporté à Abu Abdallah (que la paix soit sur lui) qu'un homme lui a dit: "J'ai un droit sur certains des bienfaiteurs et ils m'ont aidé, mais il y a eu des discussions entre eux et moi, et je crains que cela ne se reproduise, ce qui me rend perplexe." Abu Abdallah (que la paix soit sur lui) lui a répondu: "Ce n'est pas ainsi que les différends doivent être réglés. Lorsque tu viens à lui, sois patient et garde le silence." L'homme a dit: "Je n'ai fait cela que brièvement jusqu'à ce que je récupère mon argent."

Le Prophète (que la paix soit sur lui) a enseigné qu'il est important de résoudre les différends avec patience et retenue, sans recourir à des confrontations inutiles.

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3. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father and Muhammad ibn ‘Isma’il has narrated from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan all from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Ibrahim ibn ‘Abd al-Hamid from Khidr ibn ‘Amr al-Nakha’iy who has said the following: “About the case of a man to whom another person owes a certain amount of assets but denies such liability one of the two Imam, (abu Ja’far or abu ‘Abd Allah), ‘Alayhim al-Salam, has said, ‘If he (creditor) makes him (the debtor) to take an oath, thereafter he (the creditor) is not entitled to take anything from him (the debtor), but if he does not make him to take an oath his right remains enforced upon the debtor.’”

IsnādAli ibn Ibrahim, de son père, et Muhammad ibn Isma'il, de Al-Fadl ibn Shadhan, tous de Ibn Abi 'Umayr, de Ibrahim ibn Abd al-Hamid, de Khadir ibn Amr al-Nakha'i, ont rapporté tous deux (que la paix soit sur eux) :

"Sur un homme qui a un droit sur un autre homme en termes de propriété, et que ce dernier le nie, s'il prête serment, il n'a pas le droit de prendre quoi que ce soit de lui après le serment. Mais s'il le laisse et ne prête pas serment, alors il est dans son droit."

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4. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Harun ibn Muslim from Mas’adah ibn Sadaqah who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘No other ache is a serious ache except an eye ache, and no anxiety is a serious anxiety except the anxiety because of debts.’”

IsnādUn certain nombre de nos compagnons ont rapporté de Sahl ibn Ziyad, de Harun ibn Muslim, de Mas'ada ibn Sadaqa, de l'Imam Abu 'Abdillah (que la paix soit sur lui) qui a dit:

Le Messager d'Allah (que la prière d'Allah et Son salut soient sur lui et sa famille) a dit: "Il n'y a pas de douleur sans que ce ne soit un mal pour les yeux, et il n'y a pas de souci sans que ce ne soit une dette."

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5. Through the same chain of narrators as that of the previous Hadith the following is narrated: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘Debt is the loop of Allah on earth and when He wants to humiliate a person. He places it on his neck.’”

IsnādAvec cette chaîne de transmission, il a été rapporté que le Messager de Dieu (que la paix et les bénédictions de Dieu soient sur lui et sa famille) a dit:

"La dette est une entrave placée par Dieu sur terre. Lorsque Dieu veut humilier un serviteur, Il le laisse endetté."

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6. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Muhammad ibn Sinan from Hammad ibn abu Talhah Bayya’ al-Sabiriy and Muhammad ibn al-Fudayl and Hakam al-Hannat all from abu Hamzah who has said the following: “I heard abu Ja’far ‘Alayhi al-Salam, saying, ‘One who withholds the assets of a Muslim, despite his ability to give it to him, just because of fear of standing in need, Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, has greater power to impoverish him because of wasting his time and soul for holding back such right.’”

IsnādMuhammad ibn Yahya, d'Ahmad ibn Muhammad, de Muhammad ibn Sinan, de Hammad ibn Abi Talha Baya' al-Sabiri, de Muhammad ibn al-Fudayl, et de Hakam al-Hannat, tous de Abi Hamza, a dit: J'ai entendu Abi Ja'far (que la paix soit sur lui) dire:

Celui qui retient les biens d'un musulman alors qu'il est capable de les lui rendre, par crainte de devenir pauvre, Dieu, exalté soit-Il, est plus capable de le rendre pauvre que lui-même en retenant ces biens. C'est la vérité.