Travailler pour al-Sultan et ses récompenses

2. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Hisham ibn Salim and Muhammad ibn Humran from al-Walid ibn Sabih who has said the following: “I once went to visit abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, and I met Zurarah who received me when he was coming out of the presence of the Imam. He (the Imam) said to me, ‘O Walid, is it not strange to you that Zurarah asks me about working for these people? What does he want me to say? Does he want me to say no, so that he can narrate it from me?’ He (the Imam) then said, ‘O Walid, when did the Shi ’ah ask about working for them? The Shi ’ah would only say, ‘You can eat their food, use their drink and live under their protection.’ When did the Shi‘ah ask about it (working for them)?”’

J'ai rencontré Abou Abdallah (sur lui la paix) et Zurara sortait de chez lui. Abou Abdallah (sur lui la paix) me dit : "Ô Walid, n'es-tu pas étonné de Zurara qui m'a interrogé au sujet des actions de ces gens, s'ils voulaient que je dise non pour qu'il rapporte cela de moi ? Ô Walid, quand la communauté (chiite) a-t-elle interrogé au sujet de leurs actions ? La communauté (chiite) disait seulement qu'on mangeait de leur nourriture, qu'on buvait de leurs boissons, et qu'on s'abritait sous leur ombre. Quand la communauté (chiite) a-t-elle interrogé à ce sujet."

3. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from ibn Mahbub from Hadid who has said the following: “I heard abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, saying, ‘You must maintain piety before Allah and protect your religion by means of restraint from sins and strengthen your religion by means of taqiyah (caution), and self-sufficiency with Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious. Whoever is submissive before al-Sultan and those who oppose one’s religion seeking thereby the worldly things in their hands, Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, suppresses his mention and hates him and leaves him to his own self. If he finds something of the worldly things Allah will take away blessings thereof and will not reward him for anything that he may spend thereof for al-Hajj, setting free slaves or for any good cause.’”

Craignez Allah, protégez votre religion par la piété, renforcez-la par la prudence et l'indépendance en Allah, exalté soit-Il. Certes, celui qui se soumet à un gouverneur et à quiconque le contredit dans sa religion pour ce qu'il détient de ce monde, Allah le rendra aveugle et le détestera. Il le laissera à lui-même. S'il obtient quelque chose de ce monde par cela, Allah en retirera la bénédiction et ne le récompensera pour rien de ce qu'il dépense dans le pèlerinage, la libération d'un esclave ou les bonnes actions.

4. Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Bandar has narrated from Ibrahim ibn Ishaq from ‘Abd Allah ibn Hammad from Ali ibn abu Hamzah who has said the following: “I had a young friend who worked as clerk for Amawide rulers. He asked me to ask permission for a meeting with abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, I asked for permission and it was granted. He came for the meeting, offered greeting of peace and sat down. He then said, ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, I worked in the offices of these people (Amawide rules) and I received from their world a large amount of wealth. I did not object to what he demanded.’ Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, then said, ‘If the Amawides did not find people who would work for them as clerks, collect taxes for them, fight for them and join their community, our rights would not have been taken away from us. Had people left them alone with what they have in their hands, they would not find more than what they had.’” He (the narrator) has said, “The young man then asked, ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, is there a way for me to safety?’ He (the Imam) asked, ‘If I said, “Yes, there is a way” will you then follow?’ He replied, ‘Yes, I will follow.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Come out of all that you have gained from their offices. Return all the properties of those people whom you can find and give in charity on behalf of those whom you cannot find. I guarantee for you paradise from Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious.’” He (the narrator) has said, “The young man bent down his head for a long time and then said, T have done it, I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause.’” Ibn abu Hamzah has said, “The young man returned with us to al-kufah. He did not leave anything on earth without moving himself away therefrom even clothes that he wore.” He (the narrator) has said “I then assigned a share for him. We bought clothes for him and provided him provisions. After a few months he became ill and we would visit him during his illness. After one day when he was about to die, he opened his eyes and then said to me, ‘O Ali, by Allah, your friend has kept his promise to me.’” He (the narrator) has said, “He died and we took care of his funeral. I then left to visit abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam. He (the Imam) looked at me and said, ‘O Ali, we by Allah fulfilled our commitment to your friend.’ He (the narrator) has said, T then said, “You have spoken the truth, I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause. This is what exactly he said at the time of his death.’”

5. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘ Umayr from Hisham ibn Salim from abu Basir who has said the following: “I once asked abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about working for them (sultans). He (the Imam) said, ‘O abu Muhammad, no, not even for moving a pen. For whatever one finds from them of the worldly things, one’s religion is harmed proportionately or that he (the Imam) said that until his religion is harmed; - uncertainty is from ibn abu ‘Umayr.’”

Le contenu principal du hadith met en lumière l'interconnexion entre les épreuves de la vie mondaine et celles de la religion, soulignant que les conséquences des actions dans ce monde peuvent également affecter la foi des individus.

6. Ibn abu ‘Umayr has narrated from Hisham ibn Salim who has said the following: “I once was sitting in the presence of abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, near the door of his house and he (the Imam) looked at the people passing in throngs and mobs. He (the Imam) asked someone near him, ‘Has anything happened in al-Madinah?’ He replied, ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, a new governor is assigned for al-Madinah and people are served lunch to welcome and congratulate him.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘The man serves people lunch to receive their congratulation and he is a door of the doors of the fire.’”

J'étais assis près d'Abu Ja'far (que la paix soit sur lui) à la porte de sa maison à Médine. Il regardait les gens passer en groupes. Il a alors dit à l'un de ceux qui étaient avec lui : "Un événement s'est produit à Médine." L'autre lui a répondu : "Puisses-tu être sacrifié, sois le gouverneur de Médine !" Le lendemain, les gens le félicitaient. Il a alors dit : "Certes, l'homme est nourri par cet événement pour lequel il est félicité, alors qu'il est en réalité une des portes de l'Enfer."

7. Ibn abu ‘Umayr has narrated from Bashir from ibn abu Ya’fur who has said the following: “Once I was in the presence of abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, when a certain man of our people came and said, ‘I pray to Allah to keep you well, one of us may face hardship and straitened conditions and is called to construct a building, work a canal or a dam. What is your decision in such case? He (the Imam) replied, ‘I do not like it. I have knotted for them a knot and tied down the opening end of the bag of ‘no’. It is no and not even the moving of a pen. The helpers of the unjust ones on the Day of Judgment will be kept in chambers of fire until Allah will judge all of His servants.’”

Abu 'Abdullah (que la paix soit sur lui) a répondu: "Je n'aime pas conclure des contrats pour eux ni les aider de quelque manière que ce soit. J'ai ce qui se trouve entre ces deux lèvres, ni plus ni moins, par Dieu. Les assistants des oppresseurs le Jour du Jugement seront dans des coins de feu jusqu'à ce que Dieu juge entre Ses serviteurs."

8. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Muhammad ibn Sinan from Yahya ibn Ibrahim ibn Muhajir who has said the following: “I once said to abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, ‘So and so has offered you Salam (greeting of peace) and so also is so and so.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Greeting of peace is upon them.’ I then said, ‘They request you to pray for them.’ He (the Imam) asked, ‘What is the matter with them?’ I said, ‘Abu Ja‘far, (Abbaside ruler) has imprisoned them.’ He (the Imam) then asked, ‘What they had to do with him and what had he to do with them?’ I replied, ‘He appointed them as his agents and then imprisoned them.’ ‘What is the matter with them and what is the matter with him? Had I not prohibited them, had I not prohibited, had I not prohibited them from the fire, from fire, from fire?’ He (the Imam) then said, ‘O Lord, plan for them against their ruler.’ I (the narrator) then left Makkah and asked about them and found out that they were released three days after (my) conversation (with him (the Imam)).”

Le contenu principal du hadith concerne une conversation où le narrateur rapporte avoir demandé à l'Imam Abu Abdullah (sur lui la paix) au sujet de certaines personnes qui le saluaient et lui demandaient des invocations, auxquelles l'Imam a répondu en exprimant que ces personnes étaient destinées au Feu, et a ensuite invoqué Allah pour éloigner leur autorité sur eux, ce qui s'est réalisé trois jours plus tard.

9. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘ Umayr from Dawud ibn Zurbiy who has said the following: “A Mawla’ (servant or friend) of Ali ibn al-Husayn, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, told me, ‘I was in al-Kufah when abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, came to al-Hirah and I went to see him. I said to him (the Imam), ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, can you speak to Dawud ibn Ali or others of these people to admit me in anyone of these states (government)?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘I will never do so.’ I then returned home and thought about it and said to myself that he (the Imam) did not refuse except for fear that I may do injustice and transgress. By Allah I will go to him and provide all kinds of guarantees and swear extremely seriously, like divorce, freeing slaves and so on, not to do injustice and transgression. I then went to him (the Imam) and said, ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, I thought about your refusal to speak for me and I thought you have refused and disliked it just because of your fear of my doing injustice and transgression against someone instead of acting with justice.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Why did you say that?’ I then repeated my demand and swearing. He (the Imam) raised his head to the sky and said, ‘Your reaching the sky is easier than what you want me to do for you.’”

... J'étais à Kufa lorsque Abu 'Abdullah (sur lui la paix) arriva à al-Hira. Je suis allé le voir et lui ai dit: "Puisses-tu être sacrifié pour toi! Si tu parlais à Dawud ibn 'Ali ou à certains de ces gens, et les incluais dans certaines de ces autorités?" Il a répondu: "Je n'aurais pas fait cela." Je suis retourné chez moi, j'ai réfléchi et j'ai dit: "Je pense qu'il m'a empêché par crainte que je ne sois injuste. Par Allah, je vais le rencontrer et lui donner le divorce, la libération et des serments solennels pour ne pas être injuste envers qui que ce soit. Je viendrai le voir et lui dirai: "Puisses-tu être sacrifié pour toi! J'ai réfléchi à ta manière de me traiter et j'ai pensé que tu m'as empêché et désapprouvé cela par crainte que je sois injuste ou que je fasse du tort. Chaque femme à moi est répudiée et chaque esclave à moi est libre de moi. Et si je fais du tort à quelqu'un ou lui impose une charge, et si je ne suis pas juste..." Il a demandé: "Comment as-tu dit?" J'ai alors prêté serment devant lui, et il a levé les yeux vers le ciel et a dit: "Prendre le ciel est plus facile pour toi que cela."

10. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Hisham ibn Salim from Jahm ibn Humayd who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, once said to me, ‘Do you use the power of these people for cover?’ I replied, ‘No, I do not do so.’ He (the Imam) asked, ‘Why do you not do so?’ I replied, ‘It is because of my running away with my religion.’ He (the Imam) asked, ‘Are you determined in this issue?’ I replied, ‘Yes, I am determined.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Now your religion is safe for you.’”

"N'as-tu pas vu le pouvoir de ces gens?" J'ai dit: "Non." Il a dit: "Pourquoi?" J'ai dit: "Pour protéger ma religion." Il a dit: "As-tu décidé de le faire?" J'ai dit: "Oui." Alors il m'a dit: "Maintenant ta religion est en sécurité."

11. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from and Ali ibn Muhammad al-Qasaniy from al-Qasim ibn Muhammad from Sulayman al-Minqariy from Fudayl ibn ‘Iyad who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about several issues of earning. He (the Imam) prohibited and said, ‘O Fudayl, the losses these people cause to this nation are more severe than the losses that Turks and Daylam may cause.’ He (the narrator) has said, ‘I then asked him (the Imam) about abstaining from people.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Restraining (to stay away from sin) are those who restrain from committing what Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, has made unlawful and to stay away from these people. If one does not stay away from doubtful matters, he becomes involved in unlawful matters. These people know it. When one sees an unlawful matter and does not dislike when he is able to do so, he has loved to disobey Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, and one who loves to disobey Allah, has defied Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, with animosity, and one who loves to see the unjust survive has loved to disobey Allah. Allah, most Blessed, most High, has praised Himself because of His destroying the unjust, ‘He then cut down the end of the people who had committed injustice, all praise belongs to Allah, cherisher of the worlds.’” ( 6 : 45 )

Le contenu principal du hadith met en avant l'importance de s'abstenir des pratiques commerciales préjudiciables et des interdits d'Allah. Il souligne également l'obligation de condamner le mal lorsque l'on en est capable, afin d'éviter la désobéissance à Allah. Enfin, il met en garde contre le soutien aux oppresseurs, soulignant que la destruction des oppresseurs est une manifestation de la gloire d'Allah.

12. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad in a marfu’ manner the following: “About the words of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, ‘You must not take sides with the unjust ones; consequently the fire will touch you,’ (11:13) he (the Imam), ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘This is a man who works with the sultan and loves his remaining in power so that he can have a hand in his achievements and receive grants from him.’”

"Et ne tends pas vers ceux qui ont fait le mal, sinon le Feu pourrait vous toucher." Il a dit : "C'est l'homme qui se rend chez le souverain et aime rester auprès de lui jusqu'à ce que sa main entre dans sa bourse et lui donne."

13. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id from al-Nadr ibn Suwayd from Muhammad ibn Hisham from those whom he has mentioned who has said the following: “Abu ‘ Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘A people of those who believed in Musa, ‘Alayhi al- Salam decided to join the army of Pharaoh so that they can benefit from their worldly gains and if Musa ‘Alayhi al-Salam succeeded to join him. They did as they had decided to do. When Musa ‘Alayhi al-Salam and his followers went to the sea running away from Pharaoh, those people also rode their stumpers and rushed to join Musa ‘Alayhi al-Salam and his army to remain with them but Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, sent an angel who turned the faces of their stumpers toward the Pharaoh and his army, as a result, they drowned along with those who drowned.”’ Ibn Faddal has narrated from Ali ibn ‘Uqbah from certain persons of our people who has narrated the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘It is a right on Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, to make you with those whom you loved in the world.’”

Certains parmi ceux qui croyaient en Moïse (sur lui la paix) dirent : "Si nous rejoignons l'armée de Pharaon alors que nous sommes avec eux et que nous obtenons une part de son monde, lorsque ce que nous espérons de l'apparition de Moïse (sur lui la paix) se réalise, nous nous tournerons vers lui." Ainsi, ils le firent. Lorsque Moïse (sur lui la paix) et ceux avec lui se dirigèrent vers la mer pour fuir Pharaon, ils montèrent leurs montures et se hâtèrent pour les rattraper afin d'être avec Moïse (sur lui la paix) et son armée. Alors Allah, le Très Haut, envoya un ange qui frappa les visages de leurs montures, les faisant retourner vers l'armée de Pharaon, et ils furent parmi ceux qui se noyèrent avec Pharaon. Ibn Faddal a rapporté d'Ali ibn 'Uqba, de certains de nos compagnons, de Abu 'Abdillah (sur lui la paix) a dit : "Il est un droit sur Allah, le Très Haut, que vous soyez avec ceux avec qui vous avez vécu dans ce monde."

14. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Barqiy from Ali ibn abu Rashid from Ibrahim ibn al-Sindiy from Yunus ibn Hammad who has said the following: “I once spoke to abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about certain people who believe in Divine Authority of ‘A’immah, ‘Alayhim al-Salam, but work for the Sultan. He (the Imam) said, ‘They have achieved authority, therefore, they benefit you and help you.’ I (the narrator) then said, ‘Certain ones among them do so and certain others do not do so. ‘He (the Imam) said, ‘You must denounce those of them who do not help and benefit you as Allah has denounced them.’”

Si vos gouverneurs vous traitent avec douceur et vous sont bénéfiques dans vos besoins, j'ai dit : Parmi eux, il y en a qui le font et d'autres qui ne le font pas. Il a dit : Ceux parmi eux qui ne le font pas, désavouez-les, que Dieu les désavoue.

15. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Yunus from Hammad from Hamid who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about my becoming the in charge person of a certain work (for the sultan), if there is a way for me out of it. He (the Imam) said, ‘How many are those who want a way out but it becomes difficult for them.’ I then asked, ‘What is your decision? He (the Imam) said, ‘I say that you must remain pious before Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, and do not go back to such work.’”

J'ai dit à Abi Abdillah (sur lui la paix) : "J'ai été chargé d'une tâche, y a-t-il une issue pour moi ?" Il dit : "Combien sont nombreux ceux qui cherchent une issue de cela et cela leur devient difficile." Je dis : "Que penses-tu alors ?" Il dit : "Je pense que tu devrais craindre Allah le Puissant et Majestueux et ne pas le négliger."