La Quantité qu'un Surveillant des Biens des Orphelins Peut Légalement Utiliser

2. ‘Uthman has narrated from Sama‘ah who has said the following: “About the words of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, ‘If you mix with them then they are your brothers in religion’, abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘It is a reference to orphans. If one becomes the person-in-charge of the affairs of orphans, one must take from one’s own assets a certain amount, and equal to this amount from every one of the orphan assets take the same amount; then mix them for the use of all of them together. One must not use anything from their property; it is the fire.’”

J'ai interrogé Abû 'Abdillah (sur lui le salut) au sujet de la parole d'Allah, le Puissant et Majestueux : "Et si vous les fréquentez, ils sont vos frères." Il a dit : Il s'agit des orphelins. Si un homme héberge des orphelins chez lui, qu'il dépense de son bien autant qu'il dépenserait pour chacun d'eux, qu'il les fréquente et qu'ils mangent tous ensemble sans que rien ne leur soit retiré de leurs biens. Car c'est le Feu.

3. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad and Ahmad ibn Muhammad from all from ibn Mahbub from ‘Abd Allah ibn Sinan who has said the following: “About the words of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, ‘He must eat to the proper limit’, abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘Al-Ma‘ruf (proper limit) is what one needs for sustenance. It applies to the executor of the will or one who is appointed as the custodian of their assets and to work for their welfare.’”

...concernant la parole d'Allah, Le Très-Haut : "Qu'ils mangent des biens licites". Il a dit : "Le licite, c'est la subsistance, et il vise le tuteur ou le responsable de leurs biens et ce qui les répare".

4. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Muhammad ibn ‘Isma’il from Hanan ibn Sadir who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that ‘Isa ibn Musa asked about guardians of orphans, camels and what is lawful in matters of camels. I said, ‘If he repairs their water tank, finds the lost ones, scratches their itch, he then is entitled to use their milk without excessive use of their udder or harming their young.’”

Jésus fils de Moïse m'a interrogé au sujet du tuteur des orphelins parmi les chameaux et de ce qui lui est permis. J'ai répondu : s'il les fait boire, recherche leur perte et fatigue leurs mamelles, il lui est permis d'en prendre du lait sans causer de préjudice à la mamelle ni de corruption à la descendance.

5. Ahmad ibn Muhammad has narrated from Muhammad ibn al-Fudayl from abu al-Sabbah al-Kinaniy who has said the following: “About the words of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, ‘One who is poor can eat within the proper limits’, abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘He is a man who holds himself back from making his living (to help the orphans). It is not harmful if he eats within the proper limits when he looks after their properties. If the properties are of a small amount he must not eat thereof.’ I (the narrator) then asked, ‘What is the meaning of the words of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, “If you mix then they are your brothers in religion”?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘You must take out from their property an amount that is sufficient for them for a certain time and from your own property a similar amount which is sufficient for you; then you can spend it.’ I then asked about the case where certain ones are smaller and others are bigger and of different amount of expenses for food and clothing. He (the Imam) said, ‘In matters of clothes each individual pays what is spent for that individual, but in matters of food they all share; a small person perhaps uses as much food as a larger one.’”

Concernant la parole d'Allah le Très-Haut : "Et quiconque est pauvre, qu'il mange convenablement." Il a dit : "Cela concerne un homme qui se prive de subsistance. Il n'y a donc pas de mal à ce qu'il mange convenablement s'il répare leurs biens. Mais s'il y a peu de biens, qu'il n'en mange rien." J'ai dit : "Que penses-tu de la parole d'Allah le Très-Haut : 'Et si vous les fréquentez, ils sont vos frères' ?" Il a dit : "Tu dois prendre de leurs biens autant que nécessaire pour eux et prendre de ton bien autant que nécessaire pour toi, puis le dépenser." J'ai dit : "Que penses-tu s'ils sont des orphelins, petits et grands, certains ayant des vêtements plus chers que d'autres, certains mangeant des uns des autres, et tous ayant de l'argent ensemble ?" Il a dit : "Quant aux vêtements, chacun d'eux doit payer le prix de son vêtement. Quant à la nourriture, partagez-la tous, car le petit risque de manger comme le grand."

6. Abu Ali al-Ash’ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from certain persons of our people from Us ibn al-Qasim who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about an orphan whose income every month is twenty dirham; how I must spend it. He (the Imam) said, ‘Spend what the orphan needs of food and dates.’ I asked if spending one-third is sufficient. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, you must spend half of the income.’”

La part de l'orphelin dans le mois est de vingt dirhams, qui doivent être dépensés pour lui en nourriture. Il est recommandé de dépenser un tiers de cette somme pour lui, voire la moitié.