Conditions et la Possibilité de Dissoudre une Transaction Commerciale

3. Ibn Mahbub has narrated from ibn Sinan who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a man who buys an animal or a slave and sets condition good for one or two days; then the slave or animal dies or Ahdatha (does something to it). Who then is responsible for this ? 5 He (the Imam) replied, ‘It is on the seller until the time of stipulation of three days expires. Thereafter it belongs to the buyer . 555

Le vendeur est responsable jusqu'à ce que le délai soit écoulé pendant trois jours, et la vente devient alors effective pour l'acheteur.

4. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Jamil and ibn Bukayr from Zurarah who has said the following: “I once heard abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam. saying, ‘The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, “The buyer and the seller each has the choice to dismiss a contract before they depart each other. In a deal for animals it is for three days . 55 5 I then asked, ‘What happens if a man buys something from another man and leaves it with the seller to keep until his return with the purchase price ? 5 He (the Imam) said, ‘If he returns within three days the contract is valid, otherwise, there is no deal . 555

J'ai entendu dire qu'Abu Ja'far (que la paix soit sur lui) a rapporté que le Messager d'Allah (que la prière d'Allah et Son salut soient sur lui et sa famille) a dit : "Les deux parties dans une transaction ont le choix tant qu'elles ne se séparent pas, et le propriétaire de l'animal a trois jours. J'ai dit : Un homme achète des biens d'un autre homme, puis les laisse avec lui en disant : 'Attends que je t'apporte son prix.' Il a répondu : 'S'il revient dans les trois jours, tant mieux, sinon, la vente ne lui est pas permise."

5. Abu Ali al-Ash’ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Safwan from al-‘Ala’ from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘Both buyer and seller, each one of them, has the choice to dismiss a deal before they depart each other; and in a deal for an animal the choice to return the merchandise remains for three days . 555

Les deux parties en transaction ont le choix tant qu'elles ne se séparent pas, et le propriétaire d'un animal a le choix pendant trois jours.

6. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Mahbub from Jamil from Fudayl who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, ‘What is a stipulation in a deal for animals ? 5 He (the Imam) replied, ‘It is valid for three days in favor of a buyer . 5 I then asked, ‘What is it in a deal for non-animal ? 5 He (the Imam) replied, ‘A buyer and a seller have the choice to dismiss a deal until they depart each other. After their departing each other there is no choice after their agreement.’”

J'ai demandé : "Quelle est la condition pour la vente d'un animal ?" Il a répondu : "Trois jours pour l'acheteur." J'ai demandé : "Et quelle est la condition pour autre chose que l'animal ?" Il a dit : "Les deux parties ont le choix tant qu'elles ne se séparent pas. Mais une fois qu'elles se sont séparées, il n'y a plus de choix après leur consentement."

7. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘ Umayr from Hammad from af-Hafabiy who has said the following: “Abu ‘ Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘If a man buys something from another man, he has the choice to dismiss the deal before they depart each other. When they depart the deal becomes binding.’ He (the narrator) has said, ‘Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, then said, ‘My father once purchased a piece of land called “al-‘Arid”. He purchased it for a few dinars and said to the seller. “I will give you a leaf (silver) for every dinar ten dirhams.” He purchased it and moved. I followed him and asked, “O father, why did you move so quickly?” He (the Imam) replied, “I wanted the transaction to become binding.’””

قَالَ قَالَ أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ اشْتَرَى مِنْ رَجُلٍ بَيْعاً فَهُمَا بِالْخِيَارِ حَتَّى يَفْتَرِقَا فَإِذَا افْتَرَقَا وَجَبَ الْبَيْعُ قَالَ وَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) إِنَّ أَبِي اشْتَرَى أَرْضاً يُقَالُ لَهَا الْعُرَيْضُ فَابْتَاعَهَا مِنْ صَاحِبِهَا بِدَنَانِيرَ فَقَالَ لَهُ أُعْطِيكَ وَرِقاً بِكُلِّ دِينَارٍ عَشَرَةَ دَرَاهِمَ فَبَاعَهُ بِهَا فَقَامَ أَبِي فَاتَّبَعْتُهُ فَقُلْتُ يَا أَبَتِ لِمَ قُمْتَ سَرِيعاً قَالَ أَرَدْتُ أَنْ يَجِبَ الْبَيْعُ.

8. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from abu Ayyub from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “I heard abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, saying, ‘I once purchased something from someone; then I got up and walked a few steps, then returned to the meeting place so that the deal becomes binding.’”

J'ai conclu un marché avec un homme, et après l'avoir conclu, je me suis levé et j'ai marché en trébuchant, puis je suis retourné à mon assemblée pour répondre à l'appel à la vente une fois que nous nous sommes séparés.

9. Humayd ibn Ziyad has narrated from al-Hassan ibn Muhammad ibn Sama‘ah from more than one person from Aban ibn ‘Uthman from ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn abu ‘Abd Allah, who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a man who purchases a slave-girl from another man with a stipulation for one or two days and she dies with him and the price is paid. Who is responsible?’ He (the Imam) replied, ‘There is no responsibility on the buyer until the time of stipulation expires.’”

J'ai demandé à Abou Abdullah (sur lui soit la paix) au sujet d'un homme qui a acheté une esclave avec une condition de la part d'un homme pour un jour ou deux, puis elle est décédée chez lui et le prix a été payé par celui qui garantit, il a dit: Celui qui a acheté n'a pas de garantie tant qu'il n'a pas rempli sa condition.

10. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Muhammad ibn Al-Husayn from Safwan from Ishaq ibn ‘Ammar who has said the following: “One who had heard from abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, informed me saying, ‘A man asked the Imam, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, when I was present. A Muslim man needed to sell his house and he went to his brother and said. “I want to sell this house to you because I like it to be with you instead of being with others, with one condition that if within a year I come back with money to pay you, return it back to me.’” He replied, ‘I agree. If you come back with payment within a year I will give it back to you.’ I further said, ‘This house had a certain amount of income. Who then can have the income?’ He (the Imam) replied, ‘Income belongs to the buyer; were it (the house) to burn down it would come from his property.’”

Un homme lui demanda alors qu'il était présent : "Un musulman a besoin de vendre sa maison. Il se rendit donc chez son frère et lui dit : 'Vendrais-tu ma maison et elle te serait plus chère que si elle était pour quelqu'un d'autre, à condition que tu me la rendes si je viens te la racheter dans un an ?' Il lui répondit : 'Il n'y a pas de mal à cela. Si tu viens la racheter dans un an, je te la rendrai.' Je dis alors : 'Mais il y avait beaucoup de marchandises à l'intérieur.' Il prit donc ces marchandises et dit à l'acheteur : 'Ne vois-tu pas que si elle brûle, ce sera de son propre argent.'"

11. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn Hadid from Jamil from Zurarah who has said the following: “I once asked abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who purchases something from a man and leaves it with him saying, ‘I will come back with payment.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘If he comes back with payment within three days the transaction is valid, otherwise, it is not valid.’”

J'ai dit : Un homme achète des biens à un autre homme, puis les laisse avec lui en disant : "Je reviendrai te les payer". Il a dit : S'il revient avec le paiement dans un délai de trois jours, alors la transaction est valide, sinon elle ne l'est pas.

12. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Muhammad ibn Al-Husayn from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd Allah ibn Hilal from ‘Uqbah ibn abu Khalid who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘ Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who purchases something from a man and makes a binding deal and then leaving the merchandise with him without taking possession saying, Tomorrow, by the will of Allah, I will come back.’ Someone steals the merchandise. Whose property is it considered? He (the Imam) replied It is the property of the seller until the buyer takes possession and it is taken away from the seller’s house. When this happens the buyer is responsible until he returns it back to the seller.’”

concernant un homme qui a acheté des biens à un homme et l'a laissé chez lui sans le prendre, puis a dit : "Je viendrai te voir demain, si Dieu le veut." Les biens ont été volés du bien de celui chez qui ils se trouvaient. Il a dit : "Le bien appartient au propriétaire des biens qui se trouvent dans sa maison jusqu'à ce qu'il les prenne et les sorte de sa maison. Une fois qu'il les a sortis de sa maison, l'acheteur est responsable de son droit jusqu'à ce que son bien lui soit restitué."

13. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Washsha’ from ‘Abd Allah ibn Sinan who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘In the case of slaves the deal becomes binding after three days. If slaves may have certain defects such as mental condition, leprosy and so on. It becomes binding after one year if the defect is insanity. After one year the choice does not remain of any effect.’”

Le délai de rétractation dans la vente d'un esclave est de trois jours s'il a une maladie comme la gale, la teigne ou similaire, et son délai de rétractation est d'un an en cas de folie. Après un an, il n'y a plus de rétractation possible.

14. Abu Ali al-Ash’ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Ali ibn al-Nu’man from Sa‘id ibn Yasar who has said the following: “I once said to abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, ‘We meet people who live in tents far from cities and others. We sell to them certain things and make profit like ten, twelve or thirteen and for a payment after a year and so on. The buyer writes for us to leave his house or land if he did not come with payment. He has taken possession and purchase is finalized. We then wait. If he came with payment within the set time his things are returned to him and if he did not come within the set time with payment we take his things. What do you say about it?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘I say that if he did not come with payment within the set time his things become yours but if he comes within the set time you must return his things to him.’”

[Contenu principal du hadith traduit]

15. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from mad from Ya’qub ibn Yazid from Muhammad ibn abu Hamzah or others from those whom he has mentioned who has said the following: “About the case of a man who buys something which is perishable the same day and leaves it with the seller to bring payment, abu ‘Abd Allah, or abu al-Hassan, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘If he brings payment from that time until night falls the transaction is valid, otherwise, he has no deal.’”

Sur l'homme qui achète une chose qui se gâte dans sa journée et la laisse jusqu'à ce qu'il la reçoive avec le prix. Il a dit : S'il vient entre lui et la nuit avec le prix, sinon il n'y a pas de vente pour lui.

16. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from al-Hassan ibn Al-Husayn from Safwan ibn Yahya from ‘Abd al- Rahman ibn al- Hajjaj who has said the following: “I once purchased a carriage and paid a certain amount of the price, then left it with the seller. I remained engaged for several days then went to the seller to take possession. He said, ‘I have sold it.’ I laughed and said, ‘By Allah, I will not allow you to do this without asking for a judgment.’ He said, ‘Will you agree to go for judgment before abu Bakr ibn ‘Ayyash?’ I replied, ‘Yes, I agree.’ We went to him and told him about our stories. Abu Bakr asked, ‘On the basis of whose words you want me to decide?’ He (the narrator) has said that I asked him to decide on the basis of the words of my companion (Imam).’ He said, ‘I heard him (Imam) say, “If one brings payment within three days the deal is valid, otherwise, there is no deal in his favor.’”

J'ai acheté un cheval que j'ai payé en partie et laissé chez son propriétaire. Quelques jours plus tard, je suis retourné chez le vendeur pour le récupérer, mais il m'a dit qu'il l'avait déjà vendu. J'ai ri et lui ai dit que je ne le laisserais pas sans le poursuivre en justice. Il m'a alors proposé de régler le différend devant Abu Bakr ibn Ayyash. J'ai accepté et nous sommes allés le voir. Après avoir entendu nos versions, Abu Bakr a demandé à qui je voulais donner raison, à moi ou à l'autre partie. J'ai choisi de donner raison à l'autre partie. Abu Bakr a alors déclaré : "J'ai entendu dire que celui qui achète quelque chose doit payer le prix dans les trois jours suivant la transaction, sinon la vente n'est pas valide."

17. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from al-Nawfaliy from al-Sakuniy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that ’Amir al-Mu’minin, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, once issued the following judgment: A man had purchased a dress with a stipulation to pay until midday. The buyer was offered profit and he wanted to sell. He (the Imam) said, ‘He must present testimony to prove that the seller agreed and the deal was binding, then he can sell it if he so wants. If he displays it in the market without selling, it makes the transaction binding.’”

Que l'Imam Ali (que la paix soit sur lui) ait jugé dans le cas d'un homme qui avait acheté un vêtement avec une condition jusqu'à midi, puis a vu un profit et a voulu le vendre. Il lui a dit de trouver un témoin pour confirmer qu'il l'avait accepté, puis de le vendre s'il le souhaitait. S'il le mettait en vente sur le marché et ne le vendait pas, alors il lui serait obligatoire de le garder.