Achat et Vente de Fruits

2. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Hammad ibn ‘Uthman from al-Halabiy who has said the following: “Someone once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about buying dates, grapes and fruits of three or four years. He (the Imam) said, ‘There is no offense in it. He (the buyer) can say, “If fruits will not grow this year they will do so next year.” If you buy the fruits of one year only then you must not do so until they are ripe. If you buy them before three years there is no offense in it if the deal takes place before they are ripe.’ Someone asked about buying a certain fruit of a certain land but the fruit of all of that land is ruined. He (the Imam) said, ‘There was dispute about it and it was brought before the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, and they kept speaking about it. When he found out that they do not stop disputing, he prohibited them from such transactions until ripening of fruits and did not make it unlawful. However, he did so because of their disputes.’”

3. Al-Husayn ibn Muhammad has narrated from Mu’alla’ ibn Muhammad from al-Hassan ibn al-Washsha’ who has said the following: “I once asked al-Rida’, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, ‘Is buying dates permissible when they are formed?’ He (the Imam) replied, ‘It is permissible when they Yazhu.’ I then asked, ‘What is Yazhu?’ He (the Imam) replied, ‘It is when they turn red, yellow and so on.’”

J'ai interrogé Al-Rida (que la paix soit sur lui) : "Est-il permis de vendre un palmier lorsqu'il porte des dattes ?" Il a répondu : "Il est permis de le vendre jusqu'à ce qu'il mûrisse." J'ai demandé : "Et qu'est-ce que la maturité ?" Il a dit : "Il devient rouge et jaune, et ainsi de suite."

4. Muhammad ibn ‘Isma’il has narrated from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Rib’iy who has said the following: “I once said to abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, ‘I have palm tree fruits in Basrah. I sell them for a certain price excluding one Kur (a certain measurement) of the dates or more or the cluster of dates.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘There is no offense in it.’ I then said, ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, what do you say about selling for two years?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘There is no offense in it.’ I then said, ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, this is great among us.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘As you mentioned it, the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, had made it permissible but they wronged each other. He, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, then said, ‘You must not buy it until fruits appear and are out of danger.”’

J'ai dit à Abu Abdillah (sur lui la paix) : "J'ai des palmiers à Basra que je vends, je fixe le prix, et je garde les dattes mûres ou plus abondantes, ou les dattes sèches des palmiers." Il a dit : "Il n'y a pas de mal." J'ai dit : "Je te mets en gage deux ans de vente." Il a dit : "Il n'y a pas de mal." J'ai dit : "Je te mets en gage quelque chose de grand que nous avons." Il a dit : "Si tu dis cela, certes, le Messager d'Allah (que la paix soit sur lui et sur sa famille) a permis cela, alors ne soyez pas injustes." Puis il (sur lui la paix) a dit : "Les fruits ne doivent pas être vendus avant que leur bienfait ne soit apparent."

5. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Muhammad ibn Al-Husayn from Safwan from Ya’qub ibn Shu’ayb who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘If inside the walls there are different fruits and certain kinds are ripe, then there is no offense in buying all of it.’”

Lorsqu'un mur contient des fruits différents et que certains d'entre eux ont mûri, il n'y a aucun mal à les vendre tous ensemble.

6. Humayd ibn Ziyad has narrated from ibn Sama’ah from more than one person from ‘Isma’il ibn al-Fadl who has said the following: “I once asked him (the Imam) about selling fruits. ‘Is it permissible to buy fruits before they are formed?’ He (the Imam) replied, ‘If in that area such deals are made and they are profitable which is achieved then there is no offense in such transaction.’”

Lorsqu'il y a un profit réalisé sur cette terre, toute la transaction est licite.

7. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khalid from ‘Uthman ibn ’Isa from Sama’ah who has said the following: “I once asked him (the Imam) about selling fruits. ‘Is it permissible to buy fruits before they are formed?’ He (the Imam) replied, ‘No, it is not permissible unless something else alongside is also purchased, like animal feed or vegetables when the buyer says, ‘I buy this much animal feed and dates from you and this tree in exchange for so and so prices.’ In case, if no fruits appeared the buyers’ capital remains with animal feed or vegetables.’ I then asked him (the Imam) about buying tree leaves. Is it permissible to buy them in three or four kharatat (crops)?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘If you can see leaves on the tree you can buy it for whatever number of cropping you may like.’”

L'achat des fruits n'est valide avant leur pousse que s'il est accompagné de l'achat d'autres produits, comme des dattes fraîches ou des pois. Quant aux feuilles des arbres, leur achat est valide si elles sont présentes sur l'arbre.

8. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Husayn from al-Qasim ibn Muhammad al-Jawhariy from Ali ibn abu Hamzah who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who buys a garden with palm trees and trees in it of which certain ones have become edible and others are not edible yet. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not harmful when there are edible ones.’ I then asked him (the Imam) about the case of a man who buys a garden with palm trees in it which does not have anything yet except green dates. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, until they Yazhu.’ I then asked, ‘What is yazhu?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is when their color changes.’”

Il n'y a pas de mal tant qu'il y a des arbres qui ont été irrigués. Pas avant qu'ils ne mûrissent. Jusqu'à ce qu'ils changent de couleur.

9. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn from Safwan ibn Yahya from Ya’qub ibn Shu’ayb who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man whom I gave twenty dinar for his fruits saying that when your fruits become fruits these dinars are payments, if then I will like I will take the fruits, and if I will not like I will not take them. He (the Imam) said, ‘You cannot give him or stipulate for anything.’ I said, ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, he does not say anything and Allah knows his intention.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not valid if it is in his intention (the merchandise must exist).”’

[Le contenu principal du hadith]

10. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Hammad from al-Halabiy who has said the following: “This is about the case of a man who says to another man, ‘Sell to me fruits of your palm tree for two Qafiz (a certain measurement) of dates or less or more...’ specifying the amount as he likes and he sells it. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not harmful. 5 He (the Imam) said, ‘Dates and half ripe dates of a palm tree are the same and it is not harmful. Mixing old dates and half ripe fresh dates is not valid and so also is true for raisins and grapes.’”

Il a dit : "Dans le cas où un homme dit à un autre : 'Je te vends le fruit de ton palmier qui contient deux poignées de dattes ou moins ou plus, tu peux l'appeler comme tu veux', et qu'il le vend, il n'y a pas de mal. Les dattes et les dattes sèches d'un même palmier ne posent pas de problème. Cependant, mélanger des dattes sèches avec des dattes fraîches n'est pas convenable, tout comme les raisins secs et les raisins frais."

11. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Nasr from Mu‘awiyah ibn Muyassir who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about selling palm trees for two years. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not harmful.’ I then asked if fresh dates can be sold in the form of one or several pickings fresh from the trees each time they ripen. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not harmful.’ He (the Imam) then said, ‘My father would sell the plant of henna in the manner of several harvests.’”

Il n'y a pas de mal à vendre des palmiers pendant deux ans. On peut vendre les dattes de cette année et ainsi de suite pour les années suivantes. Il n'y a pas de mal à cela. Mon père vendait le henne de telle et telle manière.

12. Humayd ibn Ziyad has narrated from al-Hassan ibn Muhammad ibn Sama‘ah from more than one person from Aban ibn ‘Uthman from Yahya ibn abu al-‘Ala’ who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘If one sells palm trees which are pollinated, the fruit then belongs to the seller unless the buyer has stipulated otherwise. This is how the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, judged a case.’”

Abu 'Abdillah (sur lui la paix) a dit : "Celui qui vend un palmier dattier déjà fécondé, le fruit revient à l'acheteur, sauf si le vendeur stipule le contraire. Le Messager d'Allah (que la prière d'Allah et Son salut soient sur lui et sa famille) a statué ainsi."

13. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Hammad from al-Halabiy who has said the following: “About the case of buying fruits, abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘When it becomes something buying it is not harmful.’”

concernant l'achat de fruits, il a dit : "Si quelque chose est équivalent, il n'y a pas de mal à l'acheter."

14. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Muhammad ibn Yahya from Ghiyath ibn Ibrahim who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that ’Amir al-Mu’minin has said, ‘If one sells palm trees which he has pollinated, its dates belong to the seller unless the buyer stipulates otherwise. Ali, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, then said that this is how the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, judged a case.’”

Celui qui vend un palmier dattier après l'avoir fécondé, ses fruits reviennent à l'acheteur sauf si le vendeur stipule une condition.

15. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ‘Isma’il ibn Marrar from Yunus who has said the following: “The explanation of the words of the Holy Prophet, ‘People of the city must not sell to the people of countryside’ is that fruits and all kinds of grains which are transported from countryside to the market place, it (their sale) then is not permissible for the people of the market place to buy such items from them to sell to the people. The transporting ones from the countryside and wilderness must sell them. However, those who transport such items from one city to another city can sell them because it is like trading.’”

L'explication de la parole du Prophète (que la paix et les bénédictions de Dieu soient sur lui et sur sa famille) : "Que celui qui transporte des fruits et toutes sortes de marchandises des villages vers les marchés ne vend pas aux habitants des marchés avant que les porteurs des villages et des régions avoisinantes ne les vendent. Quant à celui qui transporte d'une ville à une autre, alors il est permis de le faire et le commerce se déroule normalement."

16. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Mahbub from Ibrahim al-Karkhiy who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, that I had sold palm trees each for such and such number of dirham. The palm trees had fruits on them. The buyer then sold them to another man for a certain amount of profit but he had not paid me anything and had not received any delivery from me. He (the Imam) said, Tt is not harmful. Had he not taken responsibility for payment? 5 I replied, ‘Yes, he had done so. He (the Imam) said, ‘The profit then belongs to him. 5 ”

Le Prophète (que la paix soit sur lui) a dit: "Il n'y a pas de mal à cela, n'avais-tu pas fixé le prix?" J'ai dit: "Si." Il a dit: "Alors le bénéfice lui revient."

17. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd Allah ibn Hilal from ‘Uqbah ibn Khalid who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, had judged that the fruits of the palm trees pollinated belong to the seller unless the buyer stipulates otherwise.”’

Le Messager d'Allah (que la prière d'Allah et Son salut soient sur lui) a décrété que le fruit du palmier appartient à celui qui l'a cultivé, sauf s'il stipule une condition lors de la vente.

18. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ahmad ibn al-Hassan from ‘Amr ibn Sa‘id from Musaddiq ibn Sadaqah from ‘Ammar ibn Musa who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about vines when it is permissible to sell them. He (the Imam) said, Tt is permissible when they form into vines.’”

J'ai demandé à l'Imam Abu 'Abdillah (que la paix soit sur lui) à quel moment la vente d'un bien généreux est permise, il a répondu : "Lorsqu'il est conclu et que les veines sont devenues visibles."