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2. Ali has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Hammad from al-Halabiy who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who separates from his wife without divorce and swearing. He does not go near her bed for one year. He (the Imam) said, ‘He must go to his wife.’ He (the Imam) then said, ‘If one swears about his wife, it takes place by one’s saying, “No, by Allah, I will not have sexual intercourse with you so and so, and say, by Allah I must reduce you” and then become angry with her. He can wait for four months. After four months, he must be taken in custody, so that he may reach reconciliation with his wife; Allah is forgiving and merciful. If he does not reach a settlement, he then is made to divorce. Divorce cannot take place until he is placed under custody. If it is after four months, still he is made to reach a settlement or divorce.’”

Contenu principal du hadith

3. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn al-Hakam from Ali ibn abu Hamzah from abu Basir who has said the following: “I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, saying, ‘If one swears about his wife and it takes place by one’s saying, “By Allah, I will not have sexual intercourse with you so and so,” and says, “By Allah I must reduce you” and then become angry with her. He can wait for four months. After four months, he must be taken in custody so that he pays expiation, which is reconciliation with his wife or divorce. Divorce cannot take place until he is placed under custody. If it is after four months, still he is made to expiate (find remedy) or divorce.’”

Lorsqu'un homme se détourne de sa femme et jure par Allah de ne pas avoir de relations conjugales avec elle, puis la provoque et attend quatre mois, s'il revient vers elle, il doit réconcilier avec sa famille ou la répudier à ce moment-là, sans qu'il y ait de divorce entre eux jusqu'à ce qu'il se prononce, même s'il le fait après les quatre mois, jusqu'à qu'il réconcilie ou répudie.

4. Ali has narrated from his father from Hammad ibn ‘Isa from ‘Umar ibn ‘Udhaynah from Bukayr ibn A’yan and Burayd ibn Mu‘awiyah who has said the following: “Abu Ja‘far, and abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhim al-Salam, have said, ‘If a man swears not to go near his wife, then he has no say and no right for four months; and it is not a sin on him to stay away from her for four months. When four months pass if he agrees to touch her and she remains silent and agrees, then it is fine. He is within the law and his choices; but if she takes her case to the court he then will be told to expiate (find a remedy), then he can touch her or divorce her. Divorce becomes final when he leaves her until she experience Hayd (menses) and becomes clean, then he divorces her and he has the right to go back to her until three Hayd (menses)-free periods pass. This is the ‘Ila’ (swearing) that Allah, most Blessed, most High, has revealed in His book and in the Sunnah of His prophet, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause.”’

Lorsqu'un homme est interdit de s'approcher de sa femme, elle n'a ni droit ni parole pendant les quatre mois, et il n'y a pas de péché sur lui pour l'avoir empêchée pendant ces quatre mois. Si les quatre mois passent sans qu'il la touche et qu'elle reste silencieuse et consentante, alors il est libre et exempt. Si elle lève son interdiction, il lui est dit: soit tu te soumets pour qu'il te touche, soit tu demandes le divorce, et le droit de divorce est de laisser tomber. Si elle a ses menstruations et se purifie, il doit la répudier, et il a plus de droit à la reprendre tant qu'elle n'a pas passé trois menstruations. C'est le divorce qu'Allah, le Béni et Très Haut, a révélé dans Son Livre et la Sunna de Son Messager (que la prière et la paix soient sur lui et sa famille).

5. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Jamil ibn Darraj from Mansur ibn Hazim who has said: “One who swears is made to divorce in the form of a final divorce which makes the spouses strangers to each other. People other than Mansur have narrated that he divorces once but has the right to go back to her; and certain persons of his people have said to him that this is deleted. He replied that it is true if she complains and says that he compels her, harms her and prevents her from getting married. In such case he is made to divorce her in the form of a final divorce which makes them to become strangers to each other; but the one who remains silent and does not complain then if he wants he can divorce her once with the choice to go back to her.

Certes, le tuteur est contraint de divorcer d'une manière explicite, et selon d'autres que Mansur, il divorce d'une manière où il conserve le droit de reprise. Certains de ses compagnons lui dirent : "Ceci est contradictoire." Il répondit : "Non, celle qui se plaint en disant : 'Il me contraint, me nuit et m'empêche de me marier', il est contraint de la divorcer d'une manière explicite. Celle qui se tait et ne se plaint pas, s'il le souhaite, il peut la divorcer d'une manière où il conserve le droit de reprise."

6. Ali has narrated from his father from af-Nawfafiy from af-Sakuniy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that once a man came to ’Amir al-Mu’minin and said, ‘O ’Amir al-Mu’minin, my wife breastfed a boy and I said, “By Allah, I will not go to bed with you until you wean him.’” He (the Imam) said, ‘ 7/a’ (swearing) does not take place in constructive and virtuous deeds.’”

Il a été rapporté de l'Imam Abu 'Abdillah (que la paix soit sur lui) qu'un homme est venu voir l'Imam Ali (que la paix soit sur lui) et lui a dit : "Ô Commandeur des croyants, ma femme allaite un garçon et j'ai juré par Allah que je ne t'approcherai pas tant que tu ne l'auras sevré." L'Imam Ali (que la paix soit sur lui) lui répondit : "Il n'y a pas de remède à cela."

7. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Muhammad ibn ’Isma‘il from Muhammad ibn al-Fudayl from abu al-Sabbah al-Kinaniy who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who after going to bed with his wife swears not to go to bed with his wife. He (the Imam) said, ‘When four months pass he is taken in custody even after a while. If he expiates (finds a remedy), then it is fine and she is his wife. If he decides to divorce he can do so.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘ 7/a’ (swearing) takes place when one says to his wife, ‘By Allah, I will reduce you to make you look bad.’ Thereafter, separates from her and does not go to bed with her up to four months. When four months pass then swearing becomes effective and the Imam must make him to expiate or divorce. If he expiates (finds remedy), Allah is Forgiving and Merciful but if he decides to divorce, Allah is hearing and knowing and that is the word of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, in His book.’”

Quand quatre mois se sont écoulés, il doit s'arrêter. Même s'il attend plus longtemps, s'il revient vers elle, il n'y a aucun mal, car elle est sa femme. Mais s'il décide de divorcer, alors il a décidé de divorcer. Al-Iilaa' consiste à dire à sa femme "Par Allah, je te déteste et je te méprise" puis de la quitter sans avoir de rapports avec elle pendant quatre mois. Une fois que quatre mois se sont écoulés, l'Iilaa' est effectif. Il convient à l'Imam de le contraindre à choisir entre reprendre sa femme ou la répudier. S'il revient vers elle, Allah est Pardonneur, Miséricordieux. Mais s'il décide de divorcer, alors Allah est Audient, Omniscient. C'est la parole d'Allah, exalté soit-Il, dans Son Livre.

8. Al-Husayn from Muhammad has narrated from Mu‘alla’ ibn Muhammad from al-Hassan ibn Ali from Aban from abu Maryam who has said the following: “Abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘One who swears not to go to bed with his wife is taken in custody after four months. He may keep her in a fair manner or leave her in the same way. If he decides to divorce it then is once and he has the right to go back to her.’”

Le Mu'li (celui qui a prononcé la formule de répudiation) est suspendu après quatre mois. S'il le souhaite, il peut retenir (sa femme) de manière convenable ou la libérer avec bienveillance. S'il est déterminé au divorce, alors il n'y en a qu'un seul, et il est plus en droit de la reprendre.

9. Abu Ali al-Ash‘ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar. Abu al-‘Abbas has narrated from Muhammad ibn Ja‘far from Ayyub ibn Nuh. Ahmad ibn Muhammad has narrated from Muhammad ibn ’Isma‘il from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad. Humayd ibn Ziyad has narrated from ibn Sama‘ah all from Safwan from ibn Muskan from abu Basir who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about 7/a’ (swearing) and what it is. He (the Imam) said, ‘It takes place when a man says to his wife, ‘By Allah, I will not go to bed with you so and so, and says, ‘By Allah I will reduce you and then waits for four months. Thereafter he is taken in custody, if he expiates and reconciles with his wife, Allah is Forgiving and Merciful and if he did not expiate he then is made to divorce. Divorce cannot take place if it is after four months until it is taken before the Imam.’”

J'ai demandé à Abi Abdullah (sur lui la paix) au sujet de l'Ilah (le serment de ne pas avoir de relations conjugales avec sa femme). Il a dit : "C'est quand un homme dit à sa femme : 'Par Allah, je ne t'approcherai pas de telle et telle manière', et il dit : 'Par Allah, je te rendrai furieuse'. Il doit alors attendre quatre mois. Ensuite, s'il se réconcilie avec sa famille, Allah est Pardonneur, Miséricordieux. Sinon, il doit divorcer, et il n'y aura pas de divorce entre eux, sauf s'il l'élève à l'imam."

10. Al-Husayn from Muhammad has narrated from Mu‘alla’ ibn Muhammad from al-Hassan ibn Ali from Hammad ibn ‘Uthaman who has said the following: About the case of a man’s 7/a’ (swearing) abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that if he refuses to divorce ’Amir al-Mu’minin has said, that an enclosure of reeds must be made for him and to keep him there without food and drink until he agrees to divorce.’”

Concernant le mu'li (homme qui refuse de divorcer), l'Imam Ali (sur lui la paix) lui faisait une enceinte en roseaux, le confinait dedans, lui interdisait la nourriture et la boisson jusqu'à ce qu'il divorce.

11. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Muhammad ibn Khalid from Khalaf ibn Hammad in a marfu‘ manner who has said the following: “About the case of a man’s 7/a’ (swearing), abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘He either expiates or divorces or is beheaded.’”

Dans le cas du tuteur, qu'il accomplisse ou qu'il renonce, sinon son cou sera frappé.

12. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘ Umayr from Hafs ibn al-Bakhtariy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘If a man angers his wife and does not go to bed with her without swearing for four months and she complains against him, he then must expiate or divorce her. If he leaves her without anger or swearing, then the rules of 7/a’ (swearing) do not apply.’”

Quand un homme se met en colère contre sa femme et ne la touche pas sans droit pendant quatre mois, elle devient libérée de lui. Il doit alors choisir entre la réconciliation et le divorce. S'il la laisse sans colère ni restriction, il n'est pas blâmable.

13. Al-Husayn from Muhammad has narrated from Hamdan al-Qalanisiy from Ishaq ibn Bunan ibn Baqqah from Ghiyath ibn Ibrahim who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that when a man because of 7/a’ (swearing) refused to divorce ’Amir al-Mu’minin placed him inside an enclosure and gave him one-fourth of his food and drink until he agreed to divorce.”

L'Imam Ali (que la paix soit sur lui) disait : "Quand un tuteur refuse de divorcer, l'Imam Ali (que la paix soit sur lui) lui assignait une étable faite de roseaux et lui donnait un quart de sa subsistance jusqu'à ce qu'il divorce."