Les Divorces Non Conformes au Livre et à la Sunnah

2. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Nasr from ‘Abd al-Karim from ‘Abd Allah ibn Sulayman al-Sayrafiy who has said the following: “Abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘Whatever is not according to the book of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, is returned to the book of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, and al -Sunnah.’”

"Tout ce qui contredit le Livre d'Allah, Puissant et Majestueux, doit être renvoyé au Livre d'Allah, Puissant et Majestueux, et à la Sunna."

3. Muhammad ibn ’Isma‘il has narrated from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan from Safwan ibn Yahya from ‘Abd Allah ibn Muskan from Muhammad al-Halabiy who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who divorces his wife when she experiences Hayd (menses). He (the Imam) said, ‘A divorce which is not according to Sunnah is invalid.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if a man divorces his wife three times in one place and time?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It must be returned to Sunnah.’”

J'ai demandé à Abu Abdullah (que la paix soit sur lui) : Un homme divorce-t-il sa femme alors qu'elle est en période de menstruation ? Il a dit : Le divorce en dehors de la Sunna est invalide. J'ai dit : Et si l'homme la divorce trois fois en une seule période de pureté ? Il a dit : Il doit revenir à la Sunna.

4. Humayd ibn Ziyad has narrated from al-Hassan ibn Muhammad from ‘Abd Allah ibn Jabalah from abu al=Mighra’ from Sama‘ah from abu Basir who has said the following: “Abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘One who does not divorce according to Sunnah must be returned to the book of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, even though he may refuse.’”

Celui qui divorce selon une autre voie que la Sunna sera renvoyé au Livre d'Allah, Puissant et Majestueux, même s'il en est contrarié.

5. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from certain persons of his people from ‘Abd Allah ibn Sinan who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a divorce which is not with waiting period. He (the Imam) said, ‘It must be returned to the book of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious.’”

J'ai demandé à l'Imam Abu Abdullah (que la paix soit sur lui) au sujet du divorce s'il n'est pas prononcé pendant le délai d'attente. Il a répondu : "Il doit être renvoyé au Livre d'Allah, le Très Haut et Majestueux."

6. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Nasr from ‘Abd al-Karim from al-Halabiy who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who divorces his wife during her experiencing Hayd (menses). He (the Imam) said, ‘It is a divorce which is not according to Sunnah.”’

Le divorce en dehors de la période de pureté est invalide.

7. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from abu Ayyub from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “Abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘If one divorces his wife in one place and time three times when she is experiencing Hayd (menses) such divorce does not have any valid effect. A valid divorce is that which Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, has commanded. Whoever does otherwise it is not a divorce. Ibn ’Umar divorced his wife three times in one place and time when she experienced Hayd (menses). The Holy Prophet, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, commanded him to go to bed with her and ignore that kind of divorce.’ He (the Imam) said, ’A man once came to ’Amir al-Mu’minin, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, and said, ‘O ’Amir al-Mu’minin, I have divorced my wife.’ He (the Imam) asked, ‘Do you have witnesses?’ he replied, ‘No, I do not have any witnesses.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘You must disregard it.’”

Celui qui divorce trois fois lors d'une même réunion sans être en état de pureté rituelle, cela ne sera rien d'autre que le divorce tel qu'Allah, le Puissant et Majestueux, l'a ordonné. Celui qui va à l'encontre de cela n'aura pas de divorce. Certes, Ibn 'Umar a divorcé trois fois sa femme lors d'une réunion alors qu'elle était en période de menstruation. Le Prophète (que la prière et la paix d'Allah soient sur lui et sa famille) lui a ordonné de la reprendre sans excès de divorces. Un homme est venu voir l'Imam des croyants (que la paix soit sur lui) en disant: "Ô Commandeur des croyants, j'ai divorcé de ma femme." Il lui demanda: "As-tu une preuve?" L'homme répondit: "Non." Alors il lui dit: "Reste célibataire."

8. Muhammad ibn Ja‘far abu al-‘ Abbas has narrated from Ayyub ibn Nuh from Safwan from Ya’qub ibn Shu’ayb who has said that I heard abu Basir saying the following: “I once asked abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a woman who is not divorced according to Sunnah and said that they are a family and no one knows them. He (the Imam) said, ‘It does not have any valid effect.’”

Cela n'a aucune valeur.

9. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id, from al-Nadr ibn Suwayd from Muhammad ibn abu Hamzah from Sa‘id al-A’raj who has said the following: “I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, state this Hadith. ‘Ibn ‘Umar divorced his wife three times at the same place and time when she experienced Hayd (menses). He asked the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, and he commanded him to go back to his wife.’ I then said, ‘People say that he divorced only once when she experienced Hayd (menses).’ He (the Imam) asked, ‘What for, then, did he ask the Messenger of Allah if he was able to go back to her? They speak a lie. He divorced three times at the same place and time, then the Messenger of Allah commanded him to go back to her and then divorce her if he wanted or keep her if he so willed.’”

Un certain nombre de nos compagnons ont rapporté de Ahmad ibn Muhammad, de Husayn ibn Sa'id, de Naḍr ibn Suwayd, de Muhammad ibn Abi Hamza, de Sa'id al-A'raj, qui a dit : J'ai entendu Abu 'Abdullah (sur lui la paix) dire : Ibn 'Umar a répudié sa femme trois fois alors qu'elle était en période de menstrues. 'Umar a interrogé le Messager de Dieu (que la paix soit sur lui et sa famille), qui lui a ordonné de la reprendre. J'ai dit : Les gens disent qu'il ne l'a répudiée qu'une seule fois alors qu'elle était en période de menstrues. Il a répondu : Pourquoi le Messager de Dieu (que la paix soit sur lui et sa famille) l'aurait-il interrogé s'il n'avait pas le pouvoir de la reprendre ? Ils mentent. Mais il l'a répudiée trois fois. Le Messager de Dieu (que la paix soit sur lui et sa famille) lui a ordonné de la reprendre, puis a dit : Si tu veux, répudie-la, et si tu veux, garde-la.

10. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn al-Hakam from Musa ibn Bakr from Zurarah who has said the following: “Abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, was asked about the case of a woman who hears that the man has divorced her but he denies it: if she can stay with him. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, because divorce without witness is not a divorce, also divorce without waiting period is not a divorce. It is not lawful to divorce without witnesses and without waiting period that Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, has commanded to do.’”

Il a été interrogé au sujet d'une femme qui a entendu qu'un homme l'avait répudiée et qu'il avait nié cela, doit-elle rester avec lui ? Il a répondu : Oui, car sa répudiation sans témoins n'est pas une répudiation, et la répudiation en dehors du délai prescrit n'est pas une répudiation. Il ne lui est pas permis de le faire, de la répudier sans témoins et en dehors du délai prescrit par Allah Tout-Puissant.

11. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Hammad ibn ‘Isa from ibn ‘Udhaynah from Zurarah and Muhammad ibn Muslim and Bukayr ibn ’A‘yan and Burayd and Fudayl and ’Isma’il al-Azraq and Mu’ammar ibn Yahya from abu Ja‘far and abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhim al-Salam, who has said the following: “When a man during a woman’s experiencing blood discharge because of childbirth or after going to bed with her divorces, such divorce is not a valid divorce. A divorce at such time when commencing waiting period is possible and valid, that it is in a menses-free time but without the presence of two just witnesses, such divorce also is not a valid divorce.’”

Lorsqu'un homme divorce pendant les menstrues d'une femme ou après les avoir touchées, son divorce n'est pas effectif. S'il la divorce pendant sa période d'attente en étant pur sans avoir eu de rapport sexuel, et qu'aucun témoignage de deux hommes justes n'a été apporté à ce sujet, son divorce n'est pas effectif.

12. Abu Ali al-Ash‘ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Safwan ibn Yahya from Ishaq ibn ‘Ammar who has said the following: “I once asked abu al-Hassan, (Musa), ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who divorces his wife in a menses-free period during which he has not gone to bed with her. He then goes back to her on the same day, then divorces her: if it becomes irrevocable with three divorces during one menses-free period. He (the Imam) said, ‘He has opposed the Sunnah.’ I then asked, ‘Is it necessary after going back to his wife to divorce her in another menses-free period of time?’ He (the Imam) replied, ‘Yes, it is necessary.’ I said, ‘So that he can go to bed with her?’ He (the Imam) replied, ‘Yes, he can do so.”’

J'ai demandé à Abu Ibrahim (que la paix soit sur lui) au sujet d'un homme qui divorce de sa femme pendant un état de pureté sans avoir eu de rapport avec elle, puis la reprend le même jour, puis la divorce à nouveau, et il apparaît clairement qu'il l'a divorcée trois fois en une seule période de pureté. Il a dit : "Il a contredit la Sunna." J'ai dit : "Alors, il ne convient pas, s'il la reprend, de la divorcer sauf dans un autre état de pureté ?" Il a dit : "Oui." J'ai dit : "Jusqu'à ce qu'il ait des rapports avec elle ?" Il a dit : "Oui."

13. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Muhammad ibn ’Isma‘il ibn Bazi‘ from Muhammad ibn al- Fudayl from abu al-Sabbah al-Kinaniy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘If one divorces his wife without witnesses it does not become of any valid effect.’”

Celui qui divorce sans témoins, son divorce n'est pas valide.

14. Sahl has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Muhammad ibn Sama‘ah from ‘Umar ibn Yazid from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “Once, a man in al-Kufah came to ’Amir al-Mu’minin, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, and said, ‘I have divorced my wife after she became clean from her Hayd (menses) and before I went to bed with her.’ ’Amir al- Mu’minin asked, ‘Did you ask two just men to witness as Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, has commanded to do?’ He replied, ‘No, I did not do so.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Your divorce in not valid.’”

Un homme est venu voir l'Imam Ali (que la paix soit sur lui) à Kufa et lui a dit : "J'ai répudié ma femme après qu'elle se soit purifiée de ses menstruations, avant d'avoir eu de relations conjugales avec elle." L'Imam Ali (que la paix soit sur lui) lui a dit : "As-tu pris deux hommes justes comme témoins, comme Allah l'a ordonné ?" L'homme a répondu que non. L'Imam lui a alors dit : "Va-t'en, car ton divorce n'est pas valide."

15. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Hammad from al-Halabiy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘If one divorces his wife three times at the same place and time it does not become of any valid effect. The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, rejected the divorce of ‘Abd Allah ibn ‘Umar when he divorced his wife with three divorces when she experienced Hayd (menses). The Messenger of Allah called it an invalid divorce saying, ‘Whatever is against the book of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, must return to the book of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious.’ He (the Messenger of Allah) said, ‘Divorce without waiting period is not valid.’”

Celui qui répudie sa femme trois fois lorsqu'elle est en période de menstruation, cela n'a aucun effet, car le Messager d'Allah (que la prière et la paix d'Allah soient sur lui) a annulé le divorce d'Abdullah ibn Umar lorsqu'il a répudié sa femme trois fois alors qu'elle était en période de menstruation. Il a dit : "Tout ce qui contredit le Livre d'Allah, le Puissant et Majestueux, est rejeté vers le Livre d'Allah, le Puissant et Majestueux", et il a dit : "Il n'y a pas de divorce sauf pendant un délai déterminé".

16. Abu Ali al-Ash‘ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Muhammad ibn ’Isma‘il ibn Bazi‘ from Ali ibn al- Nu’man from Sa‘id al-A’raj who has said the following: “I once said to abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, ‘I asked ‘Amr ibn ‘Ubayd about the divorce of ‘Abd Allah ibn ‘Umar and he said, “He divorced her once when she experienced Hayd (menses).”’ Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, said, ‘Why did you not say to him, “If he divorced her once during her experiencing Hayd (menses) or when she did not experience Hayd (menses), he had more authority to go back to his wife.’ I said, ‘I did say so.’ He (the Imam) then said, ‘He has not spoken the truth, may Allah condemn him. He divorced three times but the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, rejected it and said, “You can keep your wife or divorce her according to Sunnah if you wanted.’””

Le Prophète (que la paix soit sur lui et sa famille) a annulé le divorce prononcé trois fois par Amr ibn 'Ubayd sur Ibn 'Umar, en lui ordonnant de retenir sa femme ou de la divorcer conformément à la Sunna s'il souhaite la répudier.

17. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from ‘Umar ibn ‘Udhaynah from Bukayr and others who has said the following: “Abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘Every divorce without waiting period is not a valid divorce, or divorce during her experiencing Hayd (menses), Nifas (childbirth), after going to bed with her before her Hayd (menses), such divorces are not valid. If one divorces with waiting period more than once the extra one does not have any valid effect. If one divorces with waiting period without just witnesses, it also is not a divorce and women’s witnessing is not sufficient.’”

Il a dit : "Toute répudiation en dehors du délai de viduité n'est pas une répudiation. Si quelqu'un répudie sa femme alors qu'elle est en période de menstrues, ou en période de lochies, ou avant qu'elle ne soit purifiée après un rapport intime, ce n'est pas une répudiation. Et s'il la répudie pour une période de viduité de plus d'une, ce n'est pas une répudiation en faveur de la première. Et s'il la répudie pour une période de viduité sans témoins équitables, ce n'est pas une répudiation, et le témoignage des femmes n'est pas recevable à ce sujet."

18. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from ‘Umar ibn ‘Udhaynah from Zurarah who has said the following: “Once, I was with abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, when, Nafi’ Mawla’ ibn ’Umar came to visit him (the Imam). Abu Ja’far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, asked him, ‘Are you the one who believes that ibn ‘Umar divorced his wife once during her experiencing Hayd (menses) and the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, commanded ‘Umar to ask him to go back to his wife?’ He replied, ‘Yes, that is correct.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘You have spoken a lie against ibn ‘Umar, by Allah, besides whom no one deserves worship. I heard ibn ‘Umar saying, “I divorced her during the time of the Messenger of Allah, three divorces but the Messenger of Allah reversed it on me and I kept her after divorce.” O Nafi‘ you must have fear of Allah and do not narrate falsehood against ibn ‘Umar.’”

J'étais avec lui quand Nāfi' le serviteur d'Ibn 'Umar passa près de lui. Abū Ja'far (que la paix soit sur lui) lui dit : "Es-tu celui qui prétend qu'Ibn 'Umar a répudié son épouse une seule fois alors qu'elle était en période de menstrues ? Le Messager de Dieu (que la prière et la paix de Dieu soient sur lui) a ordonné à 'Umar de lui dire de la reprendre." Il répondit : "Oui." Alors Abū Ja'far (que la paix soit sur lui) lui dit : "Tu mens, par Dieu, il m'a été rapporté par Ibn 'Umar que je l'ai répudiée trois fois du vivant du Messager de Dieu (que la prière et la paix de Dieu soient sur lui), et le Messager de Dieu (que la prière et la paix de Dieu soient sur lui) me l'a renvoyée. Je l'ai retenue après le divorce. Crains Dieu, ô Nāfi', et ne propage pas le mensonge sur Ibn 'Umar."