L'Origine de l'Interdiction du Vin — Al-Kāfi - Volume 6

1648

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1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father and a number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad and Sahl ibn Ziyad all from ibn Mahbub from Khalid ibn Jarir from abu al-Rabi’ al-Shamiy who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the origin of wine and how in the beginning it was lawful and its unlawfulness and when it was found. He (the Imam) said, ‘When Adam, ‘Alayhi al- Salam, descended from the garden (paradises) he desired its fruits; and Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, sent him two twigs of grape vine which he planted. When they grew leaves and fruits came out and ripened, Satan, may Allah condemn him built a wall around them. Adam, ‘Alayhi al-Salam asked how is your condition, O condemned one?’ He said, ‘They are for me.’ He said, ‘You are lying.’ They agreed to go for Judgment before the Holy spirit. When they arrived before him, Adam, ‘Alayhi al-Salam told his side of the story. The holy spirit took a certain amount of fire and threw it on them, when there were grapes on their branches. Adam, ‘Alayhi al-Salam thought that nothing is left from them and so also thought Satan, may Allah condemn him.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘The fire worked as it did but two-third were gone and one-third was left. The Holy Spirit said, ‘Whatever is gone is the share of Iblis, may Allah condemn him, and what is left is the share of Adam, ‘Alayhi al-Salam.’” Al-Hassan ibn Mahbub has narrated from Khalid ibn Nafi’ from abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has narrated a similar Hadith.

1649

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2. Ali ibn Muhammad has narrated from Salih ibn abu Hammad from af-Husayn ibn Yazid from Ali ibn abu Hamzah from Ibrahim who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘When Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, made Adam, ‘Alayhi al-Salam to descend, He commanded him to farm and plant and threw to him a plant from the plant of the garden (paradises). He gave him palm trees, grape vines, olives and pomegranates. He planted them for his offspring and descendents. He ate from its fruits. Iblis, may Allah condemn him, asked, ‘What are these plantations, O Adam, which I did not know of on earth even though I was here before you? Will you allow me to eat from them something?’ Adam, ‘Alayhi al-Salam did not allow him. Iblis came during the end of the life of Adam, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, to Eve saying, ‘I am in a very bad condition because of hunger and thirst.’ Eve asked, ‘What do you want?’ He said, ‘I want you to allow me taste these fruits.’ She said, ‘Adam, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has made me to promise not to feed you anything from these plantations because it is from the garden (paradises) and it is not proper for you to eat anything from them. He said to her, ‘Squeeze something from them on my palm.’ She refused. He said, ‘Allow me to suck but I will not eat.’ She took one bunch of grapes and gave it to him who sucked but did not eat from it because Eve had stressed on him not to eat. When he was about to bite Eve pulled it out from his mouth and Allah, most Blessed, most High, revealed to Adam, ‘Alayhi al-Salam that My enemy and your enemy, Iblis, has sucked the grape and the juice of wine is unlawful for you which is mixed with the breath of Iblis. Wine became unlawful because of the enemy of Allah, Iblis deceived Eve until he sucked the grape, but if he would eat, grapes would have become unlawful from the beginning to end and all of its fruits and what comes out of it. He then said to Eve, ‘I wish you to allow me to suck from this date as you allowed me to suck the grape. She gave him one date and he sucked it. Grapes and dates had strong smells, finer than musk al -Adhfar (sweet smelling) and sweeter than honey. When the condemned enemy of Allah, Iblis sucked them, their fragrance went away and sweetness reduced.’ Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘Iblis, may Allah condemn him, went after the death of Adam, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, and urinated on the root of grape vines and palm trees. Water flowed in their veins of the urine of Iblis, the enemy of Allah; and thereafter grape and dates ferment. Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, has made it unlawful for the offspring of Adam, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, all intoxicating things because water carried the urine of the enemy of Allah in the palm tree and grape vines. Every fermenting thing becomes wine because water fermented in the palm tree and grape vines and it is because of the urine of the enemy of Allah, Iblis, may Allah condemn him.’”

IsnādAli ibn Muhammad a rapporté de Salih ibn Abi Hammad, de Al-Husayn ibn Yazid, de Ali ibn Abi Hamza, d'Ibrahim, de Abu Abdullah (que la paix soit sur lui) a dit :

Certes, lorsque Allah a fait descendre Adam, Il lui a ordonné de cultiver la terre et de semer, et Il lui a présenté une plantation de diverses sortes de fruits du Paradis. Il lui a donné des palmiers, des raisins, des olives et des grenades, qu'il a plantés pour lui-même, sa descendance. Adam a alors consommé les fruits. Iblis lui a dit : "Ô Adam, quelle est cette plantation que je ne connaissais pas sur terre alors que j'y étais avant toi ? Permets-moi d'en manger quelque chose." Adam a refusé de lui laisser et Iblis est revenu à la fin de la vie d'Adam et a demandé à Hawwa (Ève) de lui donner des fruits. Hawwa lui a rappelé l'interdiction d'Adam de consommer de cette plantation, car elle était du Paradis, et il n'était pas approprié pour lui d'en manger. Iblis a insisté pour qu'elle lui en donne, alors elle a pressé dans sa main un peu de raisin, mais il n'en a pas mangé. Quand il est parti pour le manger, Hawwa l'a empêché de le faire. Alors Allah a révélé à Adam que le raisin avait été sucé par son ennemi, Iblis, et Il lui a interdit de consommer le jus du raisin, car Iblis avait comploté contre Hawwa jusqu'à ce qu'il suce le raisin. Si Adam l'avait mangé, les vignes auraient été interdites, de la première à la dernière grappe, ainsi que tous ses fruits et ce qui en provient. Ensuite, il a dit à Hawwa : "Si tu me suces quelque chose de cette datte comme tu m'as sucé du raisin." Elle lui a donné une datte, qu'il a sucée. Le raisin et la datte avaient une odeur plus forte, un goût plus délicieux que le musc blanc et plus sucré que le miel. Lorsqu'Iblis les a sucés, leur odeur a disparu et leur douceur a diminué. Abu Abdullah (que la paix soit sur lui) a dit : "Ensuite, Iblis, après la mort d'Adam, a uriné à la base de la vigne et du palmier, et l'eau a coulé sur leurs racines à partir de l'urine de l'ennemi d'Allah. Ainsi, le raisin et la datte fermentent. Allah a alors interdit à la descendance d'Adam de consommer tout ce qui enivre, car l'eau a coulé de l'urine de l'ennemi d'Allah dans le palmier et la vigne, transformant tout ce qui fermente en vin, car l'eau a fermenté dans le palmier et la vigne à cause de l'odeur de l'urine de l'ennemi d'Allah, Iblis."

1650

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3. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Nasr from Aban from Zurarah who has said the following: “Abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘When Noah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, disembarked from the ark, he established a plantation and of the things that he planted was a vine of grapes. He went back to his family and Iblis, may he be condemned, uprooted it. Noah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, went to his plantation. He found everything in its condition except the grape vine that was uprooted. He found Iblis, may he be condemned, nearby. Jibril ‘Alayhi al-Salam, came and informed him that Iblis, may he be condemned, has uprooted it. Noah asked Iblis, ‘What made you to uproot it? None of my plantations is more beloved to me than this. I by Allah will not allow it without being planted? Iblis said, ‘I, by Allah, will not allow it to grow without my uprooting? He asked Noah to give him a share? He (the Imam) said, ‘Noah then gave him a share of one-third but he rejected. He gave him one-half and he rejected. Noah also refused to increase but Jibril ‘Alayhi al-Salam said to Noah, ‘O Messenger of Allah, you should do him a favor because it comes from you? Noah then noticed that the authority over it is given to him so Noah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam left two-thirds for him? Abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al- Salam, has said, ‘If you have grape juice; boil it until two-thirds of it evaporates; then eat and drink and that (which is gone evaporated) is the share of Satan?”

IsnādAli ibn Ibrahim a rapporté de son père, de Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Nasr, d'Aban, de Zurara, de Abu Ja'far (que la paix soit sur lui)

Lorsque Noé (que la paix soit sur lui) descendit de l'arche, il planta une vigne. Dans ce qu'il planta, il y avait une corde. Ensuite, il retourna vers sa famille. Iblis, que Dieu le maudisse, vint et arracha la vigne. Puis Noé (que la paix soit sur lui) revint vers sa plantation et la trouva dans le même état, la corde ayant été arrachée. Il trouva Iblis, que Dieu le maudisse, près d'elle. Gabriel (que la paix soit sur lui) vint à lui et lui informa qu'Iblis, que Dieu le maudisse, l'avait arrachée. Noé dit à Iblis : "Pourquoi as-tu arraché ce que j'ai planté ? Par Dieu, je préfère ce que j'ai planté à ce que tu as arraché, et par Dieu, je ne laisserai pas avant de la replanter." Iblis répondit : "Par Dieu, je ne la laisserai pas avant de l'arracher." Noé lui dit : "Fais-moi une part de ce qu'il en reste." Il lui en fit un tiers, mais Noé refusa de se satisfaire. Il lui en fit la moitié, mais Noé refusa de se satisfaire. Noé refusa d'en recevoir plus. Gabriel dit à Noé : "Ô Messager de Dieu, sois bon, car la bonté émane de toi." Noé comprit qu'il avait un pouvoir sur elle et donna à Iblis deux tiers. Abu Ja'far (que la paix soit sur lui) a dit : "Lorsque tu prends du jus, fais-le bouillir jusqu'à ce que les deux tiers s'en aillent, et bois-en, car c'est la part du diable."

1651

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4. Abu Ali al-Ash‘ariy has narrated from al-Hassan ibn Ali al-Kufiy from ‘Uthman ibn ‘Isa from Sa‘id ibn Yasar who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘Iblis, may Allah condemned him, disputed with Noah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam about the grape vine and Jibril, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, came and said, ‘He has a right, so give him? He gave him one-third but he did not agree. He gave one-half but he did not agree. Jibril then threw a fire, which burnt two-thirds and one-third was left. He said, ‘Whatever fire has burnt is his share and what has remained, O Noah, is lawful for you?”

IsnādAbu Ali Al-Ash'ari a rapporté de Al-Hasan ibn Ali Al-Kufi, de Uthman ibn Isa, de Sa'id ibn Yasar, de Abi Abdullah (que la paix soit sur lui)

a dit : "Certes, Allah maudit Iblis pour avoir disputé Noé dans la générosité. Gabriel vint à lui et dit : 'Il a un droit, donne-le lui.' Il lui donna un tiers, mais Iblis n'était pas satisfait. Puis il lui donna la moitié, mais il n'était pas satisfait. Gabriel jeta alors du feu qui brûla les deux tiers, et le tiers restant dit : 'Ce feu l'a brûlé, c'est sa part, et ce qui reste est à toi, ô Noé, c'est licite pour toi.'"