Musique et Chant

3. It is narrated from the narrator of the previous Hadith from Sulayman ibn Sama‘ah from ‘Abd Allah ibn al-Qasim from Sama‘ah who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that when Adam, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, died, Iblis and Qabil expressed joy and came together in the land. Thereafter Iblis and Qabil set up musical instruments and means of amusement to rejoice at the death of Adam, ‘Alayhi al-Salam. Thus whatever is there on earth of this sort in which people take pleasure is because of that.”

Lorsque Adam (que la paix soit sur lui) est mort, Iblis et Qabil se sont réjouis de sa mort et se sont rencontrés sur terre. Iblis et Qabil ont alors introduit dans le monde les instruments de musique et les divertissements en se réjouissant de la mort d'Adam (que la paix soit sur lui), et tout ce qui est sur terre de ce type de distraction dont les gens se délectent, n'est que de cela.

4. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Ali ibn ’Isma‘il from ibn Muskan from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “I once heard abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, saying, ‘music (and singing) is of such things for which Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, has warned with punishment in the fire.’ He (the Imam) then read this verse, ‘There are people who pay for worthless tales (or activities) that deviates them from the path of Allah without their realizing such bad results. They treat the signs of Allah with ridicule. It is such people who will suffer a humiliating torment.’ (31:6)”

J'ai entendu dire qu'il a dit : "Le chant est l'une des choses pour lesquelles Allah, Puissant et Majestueux, a promis le feu de l'Enfer. Il a récité ce verset : "Parmi les gens, il en est qui achètent des discours frivoles pour égarer hors du chemin d'Allah, sans savoir, et ils prennent cela pour un sujet de raillerie. Ceux-là subiront un châtiment avilissant."

5. Ibn abu ‘Umayr has narrated from Mehran ibn Muhammad who has said the following: “I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, saying, ‘music (and singing) are of the things about which Allah has said, ‘Among people there are those who buy useless things in the form of words to mislead people from the path of Allah.’”

J'ai entendu dire qu'il a dit : "Le chant est de ce qu'Allah a mentionné, et parmi les gens il y en a qui achètent des divertissements pour égarer (les autres) du chemin d'Allah."

6. Abu Ali al-Ash‘ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Safwan from abu Ayyub al-Khazzaz from Muhammad ibn Muslim from abu al-Sabbah al-Kinaniy who has said the following: “About the meaning of the words of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, ‘. . . those who do not attend al-Zur,’ (25:72) abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘It (al-Zur’ah) is music (and singing).”’

Il a dit concernant Sa parole, exalté soit-Il, "Et qui ne témoignent pas le faux, et qui, lorsqu'ils passent auprès d'une frivolité, s'en écartent dignement"

7. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from al-Nawfaliy from al-Sakuniy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘I forbid dancing, use of flutes, smaller and bigger drums.’”

Le Messager d'Allah (que la prière d'Allah et Son salut soient sur lui) a dit : "Je vous interdis le tambourin, la flûte, les récipients à boire en or et en argent."

8. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from al-Washsha’ who has said the following: “I once heard abu al-Hassan, al-Rida’, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, saying that once abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al- Salam, was asked about music (and singing). He (the Imam) said, ’It is in the words of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, ‘. . . among people there are those who buy useless things in the form of words to mislead others from the path of Allah.’”

C'est la parole d'Allah, le Très Haut, "Et parmi les gens, il en est qui achètent des discours futiles pour égarer hors du chemin d'Allah."

9. Sahl ibn Ziyad has narrated from Sa‘id ibn Junah from Hammad from abu Ayyub al-Khazzaz who has said the following: “Once we arrived in al-Madinah and visited abu ‘ Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, who asked us, ‘Where have you lodged?’ We said, ‘It is with so and so, the owner of singing slave-girls.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘You must remain honorable.’ By Allah we did not understand what he (the Imam) meant and we thought perhaps he wants us to be kind to him (owner of the lodging). We returned to him (the Imam) and asked, ‘We did not understand your words, ‘Be honorable.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Have you not heard the words of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, ‘When they pass by useless things they pass honorably.’ (25:72)”

Nous sommes descendus à Médine et nous sommes allés voir Abu 'Abdullah (sur lui la paix) qui nous a demandé où nous logions. Nous avons répondu : Chez untel, le propriétaire du Qayan. Il nous a dit : Soyez honorables, par Allah, nous ne savions pas ce qu'il voulait dire par là et nous avons pensé qu'il voulait dire : Soyez généreux envers lui. Nous sommes retournés le voir et nous lui avons dit : Nous ne savons pas ce que vous vouliez dire en disant soyez honorables. Il a dit : N'avez-vous pas entendu la parole d'Allah, le Puissant et Majestueux, dans Son Livre : Et quand ils passent devant des futilités, ils passent dignement.

10. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Harun ibn Muslim from Mas’adah ibn Ziyad who has said the following: “Once I was with abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, when a man said, ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul and the souls of my parents in service for your cause, I enter my WC (water-closet) and I have neighbors who have singing slave-girls who play musical instruments and perhaps I sit longer, listening to them.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘You must not do so.’ The man said, ‘By Allah, I do not go to them; it is only my listening to them with my ears.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘For the sake of Allah, have you not heard Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, saying, “...the ears, eyes, and hearts will all be held responsible for their deeds.” (17:36)’ He replied, ‘Yes, by Allah, as if I have not heard this verse of the book of Allah from non-Arab or Arab people. However, I will not return to it if Allah so wills and I ask forgiveness from Allah. He (the Imam) said, ‘You must go and take a shower, then ask what you want, because you were involved in a great thing and how terrible your condition could have been had you remained in such condition! Praise Allah and ask Him to forgive you because of what He dislikes and He dislikes only bad and indecent matters; and you must leave evil and indecent things to indecent people; everything has its associates.’”

Ceci est le contenu principal du hadith, qui met en avant l'importance de contrôler ce que l'on écoute et de se repentir sincèrement pour tout acte répréhensible, en s'efforçant de se détourner de ce qui est blâmable et en recherchant le pardon d'Allah. Le hadith souligne également l'idée que chaque action aura des conséquences et que chacun est responsable de ses propres actes devant Allah.

11. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Salmah ibn al-Khattab from Ibrahim ibn Muhammad from ‘Imran al-Za‘faraniy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘If Allah grants a bounty to a person and that person comes to that bounty with a flute, he has not appreciated it; and if one is affected by a misfortune and he comes in such condition with mourning (professional mourner) he has disregarded it also.’” (Expressing joy and grief through unlawful ways is harmful.)

Celui sur qui Allah a fait descendre une grâce et qui vient avec un instrument de musique pour cette grâce, l'a reniée. Et celui sur qui s'abat un malheur et qui vient avec des lamentations pour ce malheur, l'a renié.

12. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Faddal from Yunus ibn Ya‘qub from ‘Abd al-‘Ala’ who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about music (and singing). I said that they think the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has granted permission in saying, ‘We have come to you, we have come to you, so offer us greetings, offer us greetings, we will offer you greetings.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘They have spoken a lie. Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, says, “We did not create the heavens and the earth just for fun. (21:16) Had We wanted to play games, We could have certainly done so with things at hand. (21:17) We bring forward the Truth to crush and destroy falsehood; it is doomed to be banished. Woe to you for your way of thinking about Allah!” (21:18)’ He (the Imam) then said, ’Woe upon the one who ascribes something to one who is not present in the gathering.’”

Le contenu principal du hadith concerne la question posée à l'Imam sur la licéité du chant et la réponse donnée, mettant en avant le rejet de cette pratique en se référant à un verset coranique et en condamnant ceux qui la défendent en l'absence de preuves valables.

13. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from abu Ayyub from Muhammad ibn Muslim and abu ai-Sabbah af-Kinaniy who has said the following: “About the meaning of the words of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, ‘. . . those who do not attend al-Zur . . .’ (25:72) abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘It is music (and singing).”’

Cela fait référence au chant.

14. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khalid from ‘Uthman ibn ‘Isa from Ishaq ibn Jarir who has said the following: “I once heard abu ‘ Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, saying, ‘There is Satan called al-Qafandar. If barbat (a musical instrument) is played in a house for forty days and men come to him then that Satan places every part of his (Satan’s) body on every part of the body of the owner of the house, then blows a blow; and thereafter he will not mind even if people go in on to his women.’”

Il y a un démon appelé Al-Qafandar qui, lorsqu'il est frappé quarante jours avec des chaînes dans la maison d'un homme, place chaque membre de l'homme sur son homologue de la maison, puis souffle en lui un souffle, après quoi il ne ressent plus de jalousie, même lorsque ses femmes lui sont présentées.

15. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id from Ibrahim ibn abu al-Balad from Zayd al-Shahham who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘The house of music (and singing) is not safe from tragedy, prayers are not accepted and angels do not enter in it.’”

"La maison de la musique n'est pas touchée par une calamité, les invocations n'y sont pas exaucées, et les anges n'y entrent pas."

16. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Mehran ibn Muhammad from al-Hassan ibn Harun who has said the following: “I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, saying, ‘(The gathering for) music (and singing) is a gathering to the participant of which Allah does not look. Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, has said, ‘There are people who pay for worthless tales (or activities) that deviates them from the path of Allah without their realizing such bad results...’ (31:6)”

"Le chant est un rassemblement auquel Allah ne regarde pas favorablement, et c'est parmi ce qu'Allah, Puissant et Majestueux, a mentionné. Parmi les gens, il y en a qui achètent des discours frivoles pour égarer (les autres) du chemin d'Allah."

17. Sahl ibn Ziyad has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa or others from abu Dawud al-Mustariq who has said the following: “He (the Imam), ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘If barbat is played in one’s house for forty days Allah gives its control to a Satan called al-Qafandar who sits on every part of the body of the owner of the house. When this happens bashfulness (the sense to feel ashamed of one’s indecent acts) is taken away from him and he does not mind whatever he says or is said about him.’”

Celui qui est frappé dans sa maison avec un bâton pendant quarante jours, Allah lui envoie un diable appelé al-Qafandar qui ne laisse aucun membre de son corps sans l'attaquer. Quand cela se produit, la pudeur est retirée de lui et il ne se soucie ni de ce qu'il dit ni de ce qui est dit à son sujet.

18. Sahl ibn Ziyad has narrated from Ibrahim ibn Muhammad al-Madiniy from those whom he has mentioned who has said the following: “Once abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, was asked about music (and singing) when I was present. He (the Imam) said, ‘Do not enter the houses whose inhabitants Allah disregards.’”

Il a été interrogé sur le chant alors que j'étais présent, et il a dit : "Ne rentrez pas dans des maisons où Allah est désavoué par ses habitants."

19. It is narrated from the narrator of the previous Hadith from Yasir al-Khadim who has said the following: “Abu al-Hassan, al-Rida’, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘If one keeps his soul clean of al-Ghina’ (music (and singing)), Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, commands the winds to move a tree in the garden (paradises). From this tree a sound is heard the like of which is never heard, and those who fail to keep their souls clean of al-Ghina’ (music (and singing)) will not be able to hear it.’”

Celui qui se purifie de la pratique du chant, Allah, Puissant et Majestueux, lui fera entendre, au Paradis, un arbre sur lequel Il ordonnera aux vents de souffler, produisant un son que personne n'a jamais entendu. Et celui qui ne se purifie pas de cela ne l'entendra pas.

20. It is narrated from the narrator of the previous Hadith from Ali ibn Ma‘bad from al-Hassan ibn Ali al-Khazzaz from Ali ibn ‘ Abd al- Rahman from Kulayb al-Saydawiy who has said the following: “I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, saying, ‘Playing ‘Ud (a certain musical instrument) grows hypocrisy just as water grows green plants.’”

Le port de deux habits (pour les fêtes) fait pousser l'hypocrisie dans le cœur, tout comme l'eau fait pousser la verdure.

21. It is narrated from the narrator of the previous Hadith from Ahmad ibn Yusuf ibn ‘Aqil from his father from Musa ibn Habib who has said the following: “Ali ibn al-Husayn, ‘Alayhim al-Salam, has said, ‘Allah does not grant holiness to a nation in which barbat sounds and the (false) eulogies that cause pain.’”

Allah n'attribue pas de sainteté à une communauté où il y a un menteur bruyant et un égaré qui cause du tort.

22. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Muhammad ibn Sinan from Jahm from Hamid who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, once asked me, ‘Where have you been?’ I then thought that he knows the place where I was. I then said, ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, I was passing by so and so and he kept me, I went in his house and looked at his slave-girls.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘That is such a gathering to the inhabitants of which Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, does not look. Have you placed your family and assets in the trust of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious?”’

"Comment étais-tu ? J'ai pensé que tu avais reconnu l'endroit. J'ai dit : 'Puisses-tu être sacrifié pour toi, j'ai rencontré un tel et il m'a évité. Je suis entré chez lui et j'ai regardé ses servantes.' Il m'a dit : 'C'est un lieu où Allah le Très Haut ne regarde pas ses habitants. As-tu demandé à Allah le Très Haut la protection pour ta famille et ton bien ?'"

23. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn Mahbub from ‘ Anbasah who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘Listening to al-Ghina’ (music (and singing)) and useless things grows hypocrisy just as water grows green plants.’”

Écouter le chant et les divertissements fait pousser l'hypocrisie dans le cœur, tout comme l'eau fait pousser les plantes.

24. Al-Husayn ibn Muhammad has narrated from Mu‘alla’ ibn Muhammad from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Ibrahim al-Armaniy from al-Hassan ibn Ali ibn Yaqtin who has said the following: “Abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘If one listens to a speaker he worships him. If the speaker conveys from Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, he has worshipped Allah; but if he conveys from Satan he has worshipped Satan.’”

Celui qui prête l'oreille à un locuteur l'adore, car si le locuteur transmet les paroles d'Allah, il adore Allah, et s'il transmet les paroles de Satan, il adore Satan.

25. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ali ibn al-Rayyan from Yunus who has said the following: “I once asked al-Khurasaniy, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, saying, ‘Al-‘Abbasiy has said that you allow al-Ghina’ (music (and singing)). He (the Imam) said, ‘The infidel has spoken a lie. I did not say so to him. He asked me about al-Ghina’ (music (and singing)) and I said, ‘Once a man came to abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, and asked him about al-Ghina’ (music (and singing)). He (the Imam) said, “O so and so, if Allah distinguishes between truth and falsehood where is the place of al-Ghina’ (music (and singing))?” He replied, ‘It is in falsehood.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘So you have issued the judgment.’”

Un certain nombre de nos compagnons ont rapporté de Sahl ibn Ziyad, de Ali ibn ar-Rayyan, de Yunus, qui a dit: J'ai interrogé al-Khurasani (que la paix soit sur lui) et je lui ai dit: "Al-'Abbasiy a mentionné que vous autorisez le chant. Il a répondu: "Le menteur a menti. Je ne lui ai pas dit cela. Il m'a interrogé à propos du chant et je lui ai dit: Si un homme est venu voir Abu Ja'far (que la paix soit sur lui) et lui a demandé au sujet du chant, il a répondu: Ô Untel, lorsque Dieu distingue entre la vérité et le mensonge, comment le chant peut-il être? Il a dit: Avec le mensonge. Il a répondu: Tu as bien jugé."