Héritage des Personnes Noyées et à Cause de l'Effondrement d'une Structure sur Elles

2. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from and Muhammad ibn ’Isma‘il has narrated from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan from all Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Hajjaj who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, Alayhi al-Salam, about a people on whom a house falls and they all die. It is not known who has died first. He (the Imam) said, ‘They all inherit each other.’ I then said, ‘Abu Hanifah has introduced something in it.’ He (the Imam) asked, ‘What has he introduced?’ I said, ‘Two men who were brothers, one of them was my Mawla’ (slave) and the other was a Mawla’ of another man. One of them had one hundred thousand dirham and the other did not have anything. They embarked on a ship but they drowned and it is not known which one died first, the legacy belongs to the heirs of the one who had nothing and the heirs of the one who had the asset does not receive anything.’ Abu ‘Abd Allah, Alayhi al-Salam, said, ‘He (abu Hanifah) has heard it (the answer) and that is the way it is.’”

J'ai demandé à propos d'une maison qui est tombée sur un groupe de personnes réunies, et on ne sait pas lequel d'entre eux est mort en premier. Il a dit: Alors ils hériteront les uns des autres. J'ai dit: Mais Abou Hanifa y a introduit quelque chose? Il a dit: Et qu'a-t-il introduit? J'ai dit: Deux hommes, des frères, l'un étant le maître et l'autre l'esclave d'un homme, l'un ayant cent mille dirhams et l'autre n'ayant rien, montèrent sur un bateau et se noyèrent, et on ne sait pas lequel des deux est mort en premier. L'argent appartenait aux héritiers de celui qui n'avait rien, et il n'appartenait pas aux héritiers de celui qui avait de l'argent. Il a dit: Alors Abou Abdullah (sur lui la paix) a dit: Il l'a entendu ainsi et c'est ainsi qu'il l'a transmis.

3. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Yunus from ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Hajjaj and Humayd ibn Ziyad from ibn Sama‘ah from Muhammad ibn abu from ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Hajjaj who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man and a woman on whom a wall falls and they die. He (the Imam) said, ‘The man inherits from the woman and the woman inherits from the man.’ I then said that abu Hanifah has introduced something in it.’ He (the Imam) asked, ‘What has he introduced in it?’ I said that in the case of two non- Arab men who were brothers and had no heirs except their Mawla’ (Master) of whom one had one hundred thousand dirham, which was well known, and the other did not have anything. They embarked on a ship and they were drowned. The one hundred thousand dirham was taken out for distribution. He said that it all must be given to the Mawali of the one who had nothing. He (the Imam) said, ‘I do not deny what he has introduced; it is true and that is how it is.’ He (the Imam) then said, ‘The asset must be given to the Mawali of the one who did not anything . The other brother did not have anything so that the Mawali of the other could inherit anything.’”

Il a dit : "J'ai demandé à l'Imam Abu Abdullah (paix soit sur lui) au sujet d'un homme et d'une femme sur lesquels est tombée une maison et qui sont décédés. Il a dit : 'L'homme hérite de la femme et la femme hérite de l'homme.' J'ai dit : 'Mais Abu Hanifa a introduit quelque chose en cela.' Il a demandé : 'Et qu'a introduit Abu Hanifa en cela ?' J'ai dit : 'Deux hommes frères étrangers qui n'ont pas d'héritier sauf leurs esclaves. L'un d'eux a cent mille dirhams connus et l'autre n'a rien. Ils ont embarqué sur un navire et ont péri. Les cent mille dirhams ont été récupérés. Que doit-on en faire ?' Il a dit : 'Elles doivent être remises aux esclaves de celui qui n'a rien.' Il a dit : 'Je n'ai pas de reproche à faire à ce qu'il a introduit en cela, il a dit la vérité.' Puis il a dit : 'L'argent doit être remis aux esclaves de celui qui n'a rien et l'autre n'avait pas de biens que les esclaves de l'autre pouvaient hériter, donc rien ne revient à ses héritiers.'

4. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Hammad ibn ‘Isa from Hariz who has narrated the following: “One of the two Imam, (abu Ja‘far or abu ‘Abd Allah), ‘Alayhim al-Salam, has said that Amir al- Mu’minin issued a judgment in Yemen about a people on whom a house had collapsed and only two children were left, of whom one was owned and the other was free. He (the Imam) by means of raffle gave the assets to the one whose name came out and set the other one free.’”

Amīr al-Mu'minīn (que la paix soit sur lui) a jugé dans le Yémen concernant un groupe de personnes dont la maison s'était effondrée, ne laissant que deux jeunes, l'un esclave et l'autre libre. Un différend éclata entre eux et une flèche fut tirée, touchant l'un d'eux. Il attribua les biens à celui-ci et affranchit l'autre.

5. Ali has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Yunus from al-‘Ala’ ibn Razin from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has narrated the following: “About the case of a man and a woman on whom a house falls, abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘The woman inherits from the man and the man inherits from the woman, which means that they inherit from the original of each other’s assets and not from what they inherit from each other.’”

concernant l'homme sur lequel tombe une maison avec sa femme, il a dit : "La femme hérite de l'homme et l'homme hérite de la femme, c'est-à-dire qu'ils héritent les uns des autres de leurs biens, sans hériter mutuellement de ce qu'ils héritent les uns des autres."

6. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn abu ‘Abd Allah in a marfu‘ manner from ’Amir al-Mu’minin who has narrated the following: “About the case of a man and a woman who die together because of plague on one bed and the hand and leg of the man are found on the woman, ’ Amir al-Mu’minin issued a judgment that gave the assets to the man because of his death after the woman.’”

Il a attribué l'héritage à l'homme en disant qu'il est décédé après elle.

7. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Muhammad ibn ’Isma‘il from Hammad ibn ‘Isa from al- Husayn ibn al-Mukhtar who has narrated the following: “Once abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), said to abu Hanifah, ‘O abu Hanifah, what do you say about the case of a people who all die because of the fall of a house? Only two children remain, of whom one is free and the other is a slave of his companion but it is not known which is which’ Abu Hanifah said, ‘One-half of this and one-half of this is set free and the asset must be divided between the two.’ Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), said, ‘It is not as that. By means of raffle whoever ’s name comes out is free and this one is set free to become the Mawla ’ (master) for him.’”

Ce hadith met en lumière la question de la distinction entre un enfant libre et un enfant esclave lorsque leur statut n'est pas clair. Il propose une méthode de tirage au sort pour déterminer qui est libre, afin de garantir la justice dans la décision d'affranchir l'un des enfants.