Le Cas d'un Enfant Emporté de son Lieu de Naissance ( al-Hamil ) — Al-Kāfi - Volume 7

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1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father and Muhammad ibn ’Isma‘il has narrated from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr and Safwan ibn Yahya all from ‘Abd al- Rahman ibn al-Hajjaj who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of ( al-Hamil ) a child who is carried along. He (the Imam) asked, ‘What is al-Hamil (carried along)? 5 1 replied, ‘A woman is taken captive. With her, there is a small child. She says that he is her child. A man is taken as a captive. He meets his brother and says that this is my brother but there is no testimony except their words. 5 He (the Imam) asked, ‘What do people with you say about it? 5 I replied, ‘They do not give them any share of inheritance; they have no proof about their birth and it is birth in paganism. He (the Imam) said, ‘Allah is free of all defects, when she comes with her son or daughter, continues confirming their relationship and when he recognizes his brother, both of them are in good health and they continue confirming it; they must inherit from each other. 555

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2. Abu Ali al-Ash‘ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Muhammad ibn ’Isma‘il from Ali ibn al-Nu’man from Sa‘id al-A‘raj who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of Hamilayn (two men) who are brought from the land of pagans, and one says to the other, ‘You are my brother. 5 They then recognize each other, then they are released and they continue confirming their relationship as brothers, then one of them dies. He (the Imam) said, ‘The legacy belongs to the brother and they must be considered truthful. 555

IsnādAbu Ali Al-Ash'ari a rapporté de Muhammad ibn Abd al-Jabbar, de Muhammad ibn Isma'il, de Ali ibn al-Nu'man, de Sa'id al-A'raj, de Abi Abdullah (sur lui le salut) qui a dit: J'ai interrogé au sujet de deux hommes qui furent amenés de la terre de l'association. L'un d'eux dit à son compagnon: "Tu es mon frère", et ils furent reconnus en tant que tels. Ensuite, ils furent affranchis et restèrent attachés par la fraternité. Puis, l'un d'eux mourut et on décida que l'héritage reviendrait au frère, et ils furent considérés comme véridiques.

J'ai interrogé au sujet de deux hommes qui furent amenés de la terre de l'association. L'un d'eux dit à son compagnon: "Tu es mon frère", et ils furent reconnus en tant que tels. Ensuite, ils furent affranchis et restèrent attachés par la fraternité. Puis, l'un d'eux mourut et on décida que l'héritage reviendrait au frère, et ils furent considérés comme véridiques.

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3. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad and a number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from al-Hassan ibn Mahbub from ‘Abd al- Rahman ibn al-Hajjaj who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who is al-Hamil (brought from other land). He (the Imam) asked, ‘What is al-Hamil ? I then replied, ‘A woman is taken captive from her land. With her is a small child and she says that he is her son. A man is taken as a captive, who meets his brother and says that he is his brother. They recognize each other but they do not have any proof and testimony except their words. He (the Imam) then asked, ‘What do people with you say about it? 5 I replied, ‘They do not give them any share of inheritance; they have no proof about their birth and it is birth in paganism. 5 He (the Imam) said, ‘Allah is free of all defects, when she comes with her son or daughter, continues confirming their relationship and when he recognizes his brother, both of them are in good health and they continue confirming it; they must inherit from each other. [Note: The next several passages of the Arabic text are words of al-Fadl and are not translated.]

IsnādMuhammad ibn Yahya, d'Ahmad ibn Muhammad, et un groupe de nos compagnons, de Sahl ibn Ziyad, de Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub, d'Abdul Rahman ibn Al-Hajjaj a dit: J'ai interrogé Abu Abdullah (sur lui la paix) au sujet du Hamil. Il a dit: "Qu'est-ce que le Hamil?" J'ai dit: "C'est une femme qui est exilée de sa terre avec son petit enfant, et elle dit: 'C'est mon fils.' Et un homme est exilé et rencontre son frère, et il dit: 'C'est mon frère.' Ils se reconnaissent mutuellement sans avoir de preuve à ce sujet, sauf leur parole." Il a dit: "Que disaient ceux qui étaient avant vous?" J'ai dit: "Ils ne les faisaient pas hériter car ils n'avaient pas de preuve à ce sujet, c'était juste une naissance dans le polythéisme." Il a dit: "Gloire à Allah! Quand elle vient avec son fils ou sa fille et qu'elle n'a jamais cessé de le reconnaître, et quand il reconnaît son frère, et que cela est confirmé par leur bon sens, et qu'ils continuent à le reconnaître, une partie d'entre eux hérite de l'autre."

Ce hadith met en lumière la question de la reconnaissance des liens de parenté dans des situations d'exil et souligne l'importance de la continuité de la reconnaissance mutuelle pour l'héritage entre les individus concernés.