Les Affaires pour lesquelles on peut Faire un Testament et ce qui est Préférable dans la Question — Al-Kāfi - Volume 7

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1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from and Muhammad ibn ’Isma’il has narrated from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan from all Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Mu‘awiyah ibn ‘Ammar who has narrated the following: “Abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that al-Bara’ ibn Ma’rur al-Ansariy lived in al-Madinah. The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, lived in Makkah, and with his companions performed Salat (prayer) facing the direction of Bayt al-Maqdis. Al-Bara’ made a will that said, ‘His face in grave must be kept toward the direction to which the Holy Prophet performs Salat (prayer) and about one-third of his legacy and thus the Sunnah was established.”’

Ali ibn Ibrahim, de son père, et Muhammad ibn Isma'il, de Al-Fadl ibn Shathan, tous de Ibn Abi 'Umayr, de Mu'awiya ibn 'Ammar, de Abu 'Abdullah (sur lui la paix) a dit:

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2. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad has said that Ahmad ibn Ishaq wrote to abu al-Hassan (a.s.) saying: “Durrah, daughter of Muqatil has died. She has left assets and pieces of land in several places. She had made a will for her master of the pieces of land, which was more than one-third of her legacy. We are the executors of her will and like to ask our master if he commands to approve that will as it is, so we can also approve; and if he commands other things we follow his command in all that he commands by the will of Allah. He (the narrator) has said that he (the Imam) (a.s.), wrote in his own handwriting that said, ‘More than one-third is not obligatory on her legacy. If you have preferences and you are of the heirs it then is permissible for you by the will of Allah.’”

IsnādMuhammad ibn Yahya a rapporté d'Ahmad ibn Muhammad qui a dit : Ahmad ibn Ishaq a écrit à Abi al-Hasan (que la paix soit sur lui) que Durrat bint Muqatil est décédée en laissant une propriété avec des héritiers à différents endroits, et elle a recommandé à son maître parmi ses héritiers de distribuer plus d'un tiers, et nous sommes ses exécuteurs testamentaires et nous avons aimé consulter notre seigneur. S'il ordonne de signer le testament de sa main, nous le signerons, et s'il ordonne autre chose, nous nous conformerons à son commandement en tout ce qu'il ordonne, si Allah le veut. Il a dit : Il écrivit alors de sa main que rien ne doit être laissé à part un tiers de son héritage, et si vous êtes les héritiers, il vous est permis, si Allah le veut.

Il a écrit à Abi al-Hasan que Durrat bint Muqatil est décédée en laissant une propriété avec des héritiers à différents endroits, et elle a recommandé à son maître parmi ses héritiers de distribuer plus d'un tiers, et nous sommes ses exécuteurs testamentaires et nous avons aimé consulter notre seigneur. S'il ordonne de signer le testament de sa main, nous le signerons, et s'il ordonne autre chose, nous nous conformerons à son commandement en tout ce qu'il ordonne, si Allah le veut. Il écrivit alors de sa main que rien ne doit être laissé à part un tiers de son héritage, et si vous êtes les héritiers, il vous est permis, si Allah le veut.

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3. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id from Hammad ibn ‘Isa from Shu’ayb from Ya’qub who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who dies and about what is for him from his legacy. He (the Imam) said, ‘One third of his legacy is for him and this applies to a woman also.’”

IsnādUn certain nombre de nos compagnons ont rapporté de Ahmad ibn Muhammad, de Husayn ibn Sa'id, de Hammad ibn 'Isa, de Shu'ayb ibn Ya'qub, qui a dit: J'ai demandé à Aba 'Abdillah (sur lui la paix) au sujet d'un homme qui meurt en laissant de l'argent, et il lui a répondu: Un tiers de sa richesse revient à lui, et également à la femme.

Un homme qui meurt en laissant de l'argent, un tiers de sa richesse revient à lui, et également à la femme.

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4. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad and Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father all from ibn abu Najran from ‘Asem ibn Humayd from Muhammad ibn Qays who has narrated the following: “Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), in this statement refers to the words of ’Amir al-Mu’minin. He (the Imam) said, ‘If I make a will about one-fifth of my legacy it is better than making a will about one- fourth of my legacy, and if I make a will about one-fourth of my legacy it is better than a will about one-third of my legacy. One who makes a will about one-third of his legacy and leaves nothing, he has exaggerated.’ “He (the Imam) (a.s.), has said that ’Amir al-Mu’minin issued a judgment in the case of a man who had made a will about all of his legacy or most of it. He (the Imam) said, ‘The will is turned from unacceptable status into what is acceptable. If one does injustice to himself and comes up with an unacceptable will and an unjust one, it then is turned to an acceptable one to leave the legacy for the heirs.’ ’Amir al-Mu’minin has said, ‘If one makes a will about one-third of his legacy which does not leave anything for the heirs, he has reached the ultimate condition.’ He (the Imam) then said, ‘If one makes a will about one-fifth of his legacy it is more likable to me than a will about one-fourth.’”

IsnādUn certain nombre de nos compagnons de Sahl ibn Ziyad et Ali ibn Ibrahim, de leurs pères tous ensemble, d'Ibn Abi Najran, d'Asim ibn Humayd, de Muhammad ibn Qays, d'Abu Ja'far (que la paix soit sur lui) ont rapporté: "L'Imam des croyants, que la prière d'Allah soit sur lui, disait : 'Il m'est plus cher de recommander le cinquième de ma richesse que de recommander le quart, et il m'est plus cher de recommander le quart que de recommander le tiers. Celui qui recommande le tiers sans rien laisser, a exagéré.' L'Imam des croyants (que la paix soit sur lui) a statué concernant un homme décédé qui a recommandé la totalité ou la majorité de ses biens en disant : 'Les recommandations doivent être conformes à ce qui est convenable et non répréhensible. Celui qui s'est fait du tort à lui-même en incluant des choses répréhensibles et honteuses dans ses recommandations, celles-ci doivent être conformes à ce qui est convenable et les héritiers doivent recevoir leur part d'héritage.' Il a dit : 'Celui qui recommande un tiers de sa richesse sans rien laisser, et qu'il a atteint l'âge de maturité, puis dit : "Il m'est plus cher de recommander le cinquième de ma richesse que de recommander le quart."'

Il m'est plus cher de recommander le cinquième de ma richesse que de recommander le quart.

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5. Al-Husayn ibn Muhammad has narrated from Mu‘alla’ ibn Muhammad and Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad all from al-Washsha’ from Hammad ibn ‘Uthaman who has narrated the following: “Abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If one makes a will about one-third of his legacy he has harmed the heirs. Making a will about one-fifth or one-fourth of the legacy is better than making a will about one-third. If one makes a will about one-third he has not left anything (for the heirs).’”

IsnādAl-Husayn ibn Muhammad - Mu'alla ibn Muhammad - Muhammad ibn Yahya - Ahmad ibn Muhammad, tous de al-Washsha - Hammad ibn 'Uthman - Abi 'Abdillah (sur lui la paix) a dit

Celui qui recommande le tiers (de ses biens) a fait du tort aux héritiers, et le testament avec un cinquième ou un quart est meilleur que le testament avec un tiers. Et celui qui recommande le tiers et ne laisse rien d'autre.

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6. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Hisham ibn Salim and Hafs ibn al-Bakhtariy and Hammad ibn ‘Uthaman who has narrated the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If one makes a will about one-third has not left any legacy.’”

Isnād`Alī ibn Ibrāhīm rapporte de son père, de Ibn Abī 'Umayr, de Hishām ibn Sālim, de Ḥafṣ ibn al-Bakhtarī, de Ḥammād ibn 'Uthmān, de Abī 'Abdillāh (que la paix soit sur lui) qui a dit :

Celui qui recommande de donner le tiers (de son héritage) et ne le fait pas.

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7. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from al-Nawfaliy from al-Sakuniy who has narrated the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that ’Amir al-Mu’minin has said, ‘If one makes a will about one-third of his legacy, then is killed by mistake, one-third of the wergild for him becomes part of that which he has willed.’”

Isnādعَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام)

قَالَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) مَنْ أَوْصَى بِثُلُثِ مَالِهِ ثُمَّ قُتِلَ خَطَأً فَإِنَّ ثُلُثَ دِيَتِهِ دَاخِلٌ فِي وَصِيَّتِهِ.