Le Cas du Témoignage d'une Personne et du Serment du Plaignant

3. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Yunus from Zur’ah from Sama‘ah from abu Basir who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who has a certain claim on a man about which he has only one witness. He (the Imam) said, ‘The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, would issue judgment on the basis of one witness and an oath by the claimant in the issue of loan.’”

Il répondit : "Le Messager d'Allah (que la paix soit sur lui et sur sa famille) rendait justice avec un seul témoin et le serment du détenteur du droit, et cela concerne les dettes."

4. Abu Ali al-Ash ‘ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Safwan ibn Yahya from Mansur ibn Hazim who has narrated the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, Alayhi al-Salam, has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, would issue judgment on the basis of one witness and an oath by the claimant.’”

Le Messager d'Allah (que la prière d'Allah et Son salut soient sur lui et sa famille) rendait jugement sur la base du témoignage d'un seul témoin accompagné du serment du détenteur du droit.

5. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from ‘Abd al- Rahman ibn al-Hajjaj who has narrated the following: “Once al-Hakam ibn ‘Utaybah and Salmah ibn Kuhayl visited abu Ja‘far, Alayhi al-Salam, and asked about the testimony of one witness and a oath. He (the Imam) said, ‘The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, issued judgment on such basis as well as Ali, Alayhi al-Salam, before you in al-Kufah.’ They said, ‘This is against al-Quran because Allah, the most Blessed, the most High, says, “. . . two just people must testify.” (65:2) Abu Ja‘far, Alayhi al-Salam, then said to them, does, “. . . two just people must testify” (65:2) mean, do not accept the testimony of one witness with one oath? Besides, once Ali, Alayhi al-Salam, was sitting in the Masjid of al-Kufah that ‘Abd Allah ibn Qufl al-Tamimiy carrying the shield of Talhah passed by, and Ali, Alayhi al-Salam, said, “This is the shield of Talhah which you have stolen from the items captured in the war on the day of Basrah.” ‘Abd Allah ibn Qufl said, “Find a judge to decide for us and he can be the judge whom you have appointed for the Muslims.” He (the Imam) then found Shurayh to judge for them. Ali, Alayhi al-Salam, stated that this shield belonged to Talhah. He (Qufl) had stolen it on the day of al-Basrah. Shurayh asked for proof and he (the Imam) brought al-Hassan, Alayhi al-Salam, as witness who testified that it was the shield of Talhah which Qufl had stolen on the day of al-Basrah. Shurayh said, “This is one witness and I do not issue a judgment with one witness unless there is another one.” He (the Imam) called Qanbar who testified saying, “This was the shield of Talhah which he had stolen on the day of al-Basrah.” Shurayh said, “He is a slave and I do not issue judgment on the basis of the testimony of a slave.” ’Amir al- Mu’minin, Ali (a.s.), became angry and said, “You take it and it is an unjust judgment.” He (the Imam) said it three times. Shurayh then turned around and said, “I will not work as a judge between two people until you tell me on what basis you said three times that my judgment is unjust.” He (the Imam) said to him, “Woe is upon you”, or he (the Imam) said, “Fie up on you. When I said, ‘This is the shield of Talhah which he had stolen on the day of al-Basrah’, you said that I must present proof. The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘If items stolen from assets captured in a war are found, they can be taken back without testimony.’ I said, ‘The man has not heard the Hadith of the Messenger of Allah.’ This is one. Then I brought al-Hassan before you who testified and you said, ‘This is one and I do not issue judgment on the basis of one witness until there is another one.’ The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, issued judgment based on one witness and an oath. This is two. I then brought Qanbar before you who testified that it is the shield of Talhah, which he had stolen on the day of al-Basrah. You said that he is a slave and that you do not issue judgment on the basis of the testimony of a slave. In fact it is not harmful to accept the testimony of a slave if he is a just person.’” He (the Imam) then said, ‘Woe is upon you’ or he (the Imam) said, ‘Fie upon you. Imam of the Muslims is trusted for issues much more important than this.’”

Ali ibn Ibrahim a rapporté de son père, de Ibn Abi 'Umayr, de Abdurrahman ibn al-Hajjaj, qui a dit : Al-Hakam ibn 'Utaybah et Salamah ibn Kuhayl sont venus voir Abu Ja'far (que la paix soit sur lui) et lui ont demandé au sujet d'un témoin et d'un serment. Il a répondu : Le Messager d'Allah (que la prière d'Allah et Son salut soient sur lui) a statué à ce sujet, ainsi qu'Ali (que la paix soit sur lui) à Kufa. Ils ont dit : Cela va à l'encontre du Coran. Il a dit : Où avez-vous trouvé cela en contradiction avec le Coran ? Ils ont dit : Certes, Allah, Puissant et Majestueux, dit : "Et prenez comme témoins deux personnes d'entre vous." Abu Ja'far (que la paix soit sur lui) leur a dit que la signification de "et prenez comme témoins deux personnes d'entre vous" est de ne pas accepter le témoignage d'une seule personne accompagné d'un serment. Puis il a dit : Ali (que la paix soit sur lui) était assis dans la mosquée de Kufa lorsqu'Abdullah ibn Qufal al-Tamimi est passé avec le bouclier de Talha. Ali (que la paix soit sur lui) a dit : Ce bouclier de Talha a été pris comme butin le jour de Basra. Abdullah ibn Qufal lui a dit : Désignez comme juge entre nous celui que vous approuvez parmi les musulmans. Il a désigné Shurayh comme juge entre eux. Ali (que la paix soit sur lui) a dit : Ce bouclier de Talha a été pris comme butin le jour de Basra. Shurayh lui a dit : Apporte une preuve de ce que tu avances. Il est venu avec al-Hasan (que la paix soit sur lui) qui a témoigné que c'était bien le bouclier de Talha pris comme butin le jour de Basra. Shurayh a dit : Ceci est un seul témoignage, je ne juge pas sur la base d'un seul témoignage jusqu'à ce qu'il y en ait un autre avec lui. Il a appelé Qanbar qui a témoigné que c'était bien le bouclier de Talha pris comme butin le jour de Basra. Shurayh a dit : Celui-ci est un esclave, je ne juge pas sur la base du témoignage d'un esclave. Ali (que la paix soit sur lui) s'est alors mis en colère et a dit : Prenez-le, car il a jugé de manière injuste à trois reprises. Shurayh s'est ensuite transformé et a dit : Je ne juge pas entre deux personnes jusqu'à ce que tu me dises d'où tu as jugé de manière injuste à trois reprises. Il lui a dit : Malheur à toi, lorsque je t'ai informé que c'était le bouclier de Talha pris comme butin le jour de Basra, tu as dit : Apporte une preuve de ce que tu avances, et le Messager d'Allah (que la prière d'Allah et Son salut soient sur lui) a dit : Là où il y a un butin, il est pris sans preuve. J'ai dit : Cet homme n'a pas entendu ce hadith, c'est donc un seul témoignage. Puis je suis venu vers toi avec al-Hasan qui a témoigné, et tu as dit : C'est un seul témoignage, je ne juge pas sur la base d'un seul témoignage jusqu'à ce qu'il y en ait un autre avec lui. Et le Messager

6. Certain persons of our people have narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Hamid from Sayf ibn ’Am/rah from Mansur ibn Hazim who has narrated the following: “A trustworthy man narrated to me from abu al-Hassan, Alayhi al-Salam, who has said that if two women testify for the right of someone with his (plaintiff’s) oath, it is an accepted proof.’”

Lorsque deux femmes et un homme prêtent serment en faveur de la personne ayant droit, cela est accepté.

7. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘ Urn ay r from Hammad from al-Halabiy who has narrated the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, Alayhi al-Salam, has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, accepted the testimony of women with the oath by the plaintiff in matters of loan. He swears by Allah that it is his right.’”

Le Messager d'Allah a autorisé le témoignage des femmes avec le serment du demandeur de dette, jurant par Allah que son droit est véridique.

8. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Ali ibn al-Hakam from abu Ayyub al-Khazzaz from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has narrated the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, Alayhi al-Salam, has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, in the matter of loan accepted the testimony of one man and the oath of the creditor. However, in the case of the sighting of new moon he would only accept two witnesses.’”

Le Messager d'Allah (que la prière d'Allah et Son salut soient sur lui et sa famille) autorisait le témoignage d'un seul homme dans les affaires de dette, et il n'autorisait le témoignage dans la détermination du début du mois lunaire qu'avec deux témoins justes.