Expiation du serment profane

2. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Safwan ibn Yahya from Ishaq ibn ‘Ammar who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu Ibrahim (a.s.), about the expiation for oath mentioned in the words of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, ‘. . . if one cannot find then it is three days fasting.’ (5:91) and about the limit of ‘if one cannot find’ and that a man asks for help (beggar) but he is not of ‘if one cannot find’. He (the Imam) said, ‘If one does not have more than what his dependents need, then “if one does not find” applies to him.’”

J'ai demandé à propos de l'expiation du serment dans la parole d'Allah, le Très-Haut. Celui qui ne trouve pas alors jeûner trois jours. Quelle est la limite pour celui qui ne trouve pas ? Certes, un homme demande à propos de son bien alors qu'il en trouve, il a dit : S'il n'a pas de surplus par rapport à la subsistance de sa famille, alors il est parmi ceux qui ne trouvent pas.

3. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id from al-Qasim ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn abu Hamzah who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the expiation because of oath. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is to set free a slave or clothing with two clothes or feeding ten destitute persons. Whichever of the three he chooses is sufficient, and if he cannot find any of them, then it is three consecutive days of fasting and in feeding ten destitute persons: it is one mud (a certain measurement) for everyone.’”

J'ai demandé à lui au sujet de l'expiation du serment, il a dit : affranchir un esclave ou donner des vêtements, et les vêtements sont deux pièces de vêtement, ou nourrir dix pauvres, n'importe lequel de ces actes est acceptable. S'il ne peut pas le faire, alors jeûner trois jours consécutifs et nourrir dix pauvres, un peu à la fois.

4. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu Najran from ‘Asem ibn Humayd from Muhammad ibn Qays who has narrated the following: “Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said that Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, has said to His Holy Prophet, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, ‘O Prophet, why do you make unlawful what Allah has made lawful for you.’ ‘Allah has shown you how to absolve yourselves of your oaths.’ (66:1-2) He made it an oath and the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, then paid expiation for it.’ I then asked, ‘By what means did he pay the expiation thereof?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘He fed ten destitute people one mud (a certain measurement) to each person.’ We then asked about the limit of clothing. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is such clothing which provides cover for his privacy.’”

"Ô Prophète, pourquoi interdis-tu ce qu'Allah t'a rendu licite ? Allah vous a imposé la libération de vos serments et en a fait un serment, et le Messager d'Allah l'a annulé." J'ai demandé : "Par quoi l'a-t-il annulé ?" Il a répondu : "En nourrissant dix pauvres, pour chacun une mudd." Nous avons dit : "Et quelle est la mesure du vêtement ?" Il a dit : "Un vêtement avec lequel il couvre sa nudité."

5. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Nasr from abu Jamilah who has narrated the following: “About the case of expiation due to an oath which is freeing a slave, or feeding ten destitute person of the average kind of food for your family or clothing them, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘The average kind of food is vinegar and oil, and a high quality is bread and meat. Charity is one mud (a certain measurement) of wheat for each destitute person and clothes are two pieces. If one cannot find any of these, then he must fast for three consecutive days as Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, has said, . . if one cannot find then he must fast for three days.’””

قَالَ فِي كَفَّارَةِ الْيَمِينِ عِتْقُ رَقَبَةٍ أَوْ إِطْعَامُ عَشَرَةِ مَسَاكِينَ مِنْ أَوْسَطِ مَا تُطْعِمُونَ أَهْلِيكُمْ أَوْ كِسْوَتُهُمْ وَالْوَسَطُ الْخَلُّ وَالزَّيْتُ وَأَرْفَعُهُ الْخُبْزُ وَاللَّحْمُ وَالصَّدَقَةُ مُدٌّ مُدٌّ مِنْ حِنْطَةٍ لِكُلِّ مِسْكِينٍ وَالْكِسْوَةُ ثَوْبَانِ فَمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ فَعَلَيْهِ الصِّيَامُ يَقُولُ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فَمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ فَصِيامُ ثَلاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ.

6. Ali has narrated from his father from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Nasr and ai-Hajjai from Tha‘labah ibn Maymun from Mu’ammar ibn ‘Umar who has narrated the foliowing: “I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about the case of a man who must clothe the needy because of expiation due to oath. He (the Imam) said, ‘ It is a kind of clothing which can cover his privacy.’”

Un vêtement avec lequel il couvre sa nudité.

7. Aii ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Hammad from af-Halabiy who has narrated the following: “This is about the meaning of the words of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious. ‘. . . it is of the average kind of food that you provide to your family.’ Abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘It is just as it is at home. Certain people eat one mud (a certain measurement) and certain others less or in between. If you like you can prepare a certain kind of sauce, the least of which is salt, the middle is vinegar and oil, and of a high quality is meat.’”

Concernant la parole d'Allah, le Très Haut, "Parmi ce que vous donnez à manger à vos familles, il y a celui qui mange plus que nécessaire, et il y en a qui en mangent moins. Or, entre ces deux extrêmes, tu peux leur donner une alimentation équilibrée, l'équilibre étant constitué par le sel, le vinaigre et l'huile, tandis que la viande est le plus noble."

8. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn al-Hakam from abu Hamzah al-Thumaliy who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who has said by Allah, but has not remained firm about it. He (the Imam) (a.s.), said, ‘The Kaffarah (expiation) for it is to feed ten destitute people, one mud (a certain measurement) to each one of flour or wheat, or free a slave, or fast for three consecutive days if he cannot find the other remedies.’”

Son expiation est de nourrir dix pauvres, un repas chacun, avec de la farine ou du blé, ou de libérer un esclave, ou de jeûner trois jours consécutifs s'il ne trouve rien de tout cela.

9. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Hisham ibn al-Hakam who has narrated the following: “About the Kaffarah (expiation) due to an oath which is one mud (a certain measurement) for each person abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that it must be a handful of food made into flour and cooked.’”

Concernant l'expiation du serment, une mesure de blé et une mesure d'orge, afin que l'orge soit dans son broyage et dans son battage.

10. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from al-Nawfaliy from al-Sakuniy who has narrated the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that ’Amir al-Mu’minin, Ali (a.s.), has said, ‘If one cannot find ten destitute people at one time he can feed fewer people several times like this and in next day until it is equal to feeding ten destitute people.’”

قَالَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) إِنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ فِي الْكَفَّارَةِ إِلا الرَّجُلَ وَالرَّجُلَيْنِ فَلْيُكَرِّرْ عَلَيهِمْ حَتَّى يَسْتَكْمِلَ الْعَشَرَةَ يُعْطِيهِمُ الْيَوْمَ ثُمَّ يُعْطِيهِمْ غَداً.

11. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Faddal from ibn Bukayr from Zurarah who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about the Kaffarah (expiation) due to oath. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is fasting for three days.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if one feels weak and cannot do it?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘He can give charity to ten destitute people.’ I asked, ‘What happens if he cannot do it?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘He must ask forgiveness from Allah and must not do such thing again because the best is Kaffarah (expiation) in its highest and lowest form, so he must ask forgiveness from his Lord and express regret and repentance.’”

J'ai interrogé Abu Ja'far (que la paix soit sur lui) au sujet de l'expiation du serment. Il a dit : "Il jeûne trois jours." J'ai dit : "Il est faible pour le jeûne et incapable de le faire." Il a dit : "Qu'il fasse l'aumône à dix pauvres." J'ai dit : "Il est incapable de le faire." Il a dit : "Qu'il implore le pardon d'Allah et ne répète pas, car c'est la meilleure et la plus complète expiation. Qu'il implore le pardon de son Seigneur, manifeste le repentir et le regret."

12. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Muhammad ibn Yahya from Ghiyath ibn Ibrahim who has narrated the following: “Abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said in paying expiation for an oath, feeding small people is not sufficient, however, two small ones are equal to one grown-up person.”’

Il n'est pas suffisant de nourrir un petit enfant pour l'expiation du serment, mais il faut deux petits pour un adulte.

13. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Hammad ibn ‘Isa from Ibrahim ibn ‘Umar af-Yemaniy from abu Khafid al-Qammat who has narrated the following: “I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), saying, ‘If one is able to feed ten destitute people for expiation of an oath he cannot fast instead. He must feed ten destitute people, one mud (a certain measurement) to each one, and if one cannot do this, then he must fast for three days.’”

Celui qui a de quoi nourrir doit ne pas jeûner, mais nourrir dix pauvres, un repas par repas. Quant à celui qui ne le peut pas, qu'il jeûne trois jours.

14. Ali has narrated from his father from ibn Mahbub from abu Ayyub from abu Basir who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu Ja’far (a.s.), about, ‘. . . the average kind of food that you provide for your family.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is the kind of food which you feed your family, it must be of the middle of the two, high and low, quality that you provide for your family.’ I then asked, ‘What is the middle of such food?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is vinegar and oil and dates and bread to satisfy them once.’ I then asked about clothing them. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is one piece of cloth.’”