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Chapitre
Things Each of Which Are Based on Four Pillars
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4-74 (The compiler of the book narrated) that his father - may God be pleased with him - narrated that Sa’ed ibn Abdullah quoted Muhammad ibn al-Hussein ibn Abil Khat’tab and Ahmad ibn al-Hassan ibn Ali ibn Faz’zal, on the authority of Ali ibn Asbat, on the authority of Al-Hassan ibn Zayd, on the authority of Muhammad ibn Salim, on the authority of Sa’ed ibn Tarif, on the authority of Al-Asbaq ibn al-Nobatat that the Commander of the Faithful Imam Ali (MGB) said, “Faith is founded on the following four: perseverance; certitude; justice and struggling in the way of God. There are four pillars of perseverance: courage, fear, piety, and awaiting. Anyone who is eager for Paradise will not be entrapped in lust. Anyone who fears Hell will abstain from committing forbidden acts. Calamities will be easy to bear for anyone who is pious in this world. Anyone who awaits death will attempt to do good deeds.There are four pillars of certitude: intelligence; foresight; wisdom; preaching lessons; and ways of the people of the past. One who is intelligent would have foresight. One who is wise would recognize things from which he can learn. One who recognizes things from which he can learn would learn the right approach. One who learns the right approach it is as if he is living with the experiences of the people of the past.There are four pillars for justice: deep understanding, thorough knowledge, good insight and great wisdom. One who understands deeply would explain the knowledge beautifully. One who has thorough knowledge would make acceptable decisions and one who is wise would not neglect anything and live admirably amongst the people.There are four pillars of struggling in the way of God: enjoining to do good; forbidding evil; persistence at the war front; and hating the corrupt people. One who enjoins to do so strengthens the back of the believers. One who forbids from evil, defeats the hypocrites. One who persists at the war front has done his duty. One who hates the corrupt people and the Honorable the Exalted God’s Wrath would also raise his wrath. This is belief, its pillars and its kinds. This is faith, its pillars and its various types.Atheism is founded on the following four: corruption; tyranny; doubt and dubiosity.There are four pillars of corruption: oppression, blind-heartedness, ignorance, and rebellion.One who is oppressive would belittle the truth; consider knowledgeable ones as his enemies, and insist on committing major sins. One who is blind-hearted would forget God, would follow his suspicions and be defeated by Satan. One who is ignorant would be fooled by high aspirations and would feel sorry when he realizes that these were just mirages. One who is rebellious would be debased by God through God’s Dominion and Majesty since he turns away from God and rebels against the decrees of his Noble Lord.There are four pillars of tyranny: pickiness; causing conflicts; mental aberration and causing discord.One who is picky would not adhere to the right. He would only get more drowned in problems. He is always entrapped in seditions and would be deviated away from the religion and would wander about in trouble aimlessly.One who causes conflicts and fights others would lose his ties with others. He would be in real trouble. Good things will turn into bad for him. Bad things will turn into good. Such people would not be able to find the right way, and it would become hard for them to find their way out. They would turn away from the religion and follow a path other than that which the believers follow.There are four pillars for doubt: fear; distrust; hesitation and surrendering. One who bases his religion on doubt would not be able to even sleep until the morning. ‘O those who dispute! ‘Then which of the gifts of thy Lord, (O man,) wilt thou dispute about?’ One who fears what is ahead of him would fall over. One who hesitates in doubt would fall behind others. They will overpass him and would be destroyed under the feet of the devils. One who surrenders would be destroyed between the affairs of this world and the next. Whoever adheres to certitude shall survive. There are four pillars for dubiosity: selfishness; fooling oneself;improper thoughts; and decorating what is indeed wrong in order to make it look right. This is how by selfishness one blocks off what is right. One who fools himself would be entrapped in the fire of lust. Improper thoughts would greatly harm one. Decorating what is wrong to look like right would cover up things with many layers of darkness. These were the various categories of atheism, its foundations and its various types. Hypocrisy is founded upon four things: selfishness, light-headedness, animosity and greed.There are four pillars for selfishness: trespassing, animosity, lust and rebellion. One who trespasses would be in a lot of trouble. He would never be calm. One who doesn’t control lust would wade in ice. One who rebels would undoubtedly go astray.And the various types of light-headedness are: sluggishness, being deceived, postponing deeds to a later time and having great expectations. One who acts sluggishly will not act according to God’s religion. One who postpones the deeds will put them off until he dies. If man did not have any great expectations, he would act according to his duties. If man doesn’t know his duties, he would badly die in fear. There are four types of animosity: haughtiness; pride; supporting one side; and being biased. One who is haughty would fall behind. One who is too proud would become corrupt. One who supports one side would be insisting on sins. One who is biased would be wicked. And greed can be classified into the following four categories: undue happiness and cheerfulness, stubbornness and hoarding up. Undue happiness and cheerfulness are not pleasant in the sight of the Honorable the Exalted God. Stubbornness is an evil thing which would entrap one in sins. Hoarding up would imply changing what could be useful into what is bad. These were the various categories of hypocrisy, its foundations and its various types.
IsnādAbu a rapporté, que Dieu soit satisfait de lui, a dit: Saad ibn Abdullah nous a informés, qui a dit: Muhammad ibn al-Hussein ibn Abi al-Khattab, et Ahmad ibn al-Hussein ibn Ali ibn Fudal tous ensemble, ont rapporté d'Ali ibn Asbat, de Hassan ibn Zaid qui a dit: Muhammad ibn Salim m'a informé, de Saad ibn Tareef, de Al-Asbagh ibn Nabbata a dit: L'Imam Ali, que la paix soit sur lui, a dit: La foi repose sur quatre piliers: la patience, la certitude, la justice et le jihad. Et la patience repose sur quatre branches: la passion, la compassion, le détachement et l'attente. Celui qui désire le Paradis doit se retenir des désirs charnels, celui qui redoute l'Enfer doit s'abstenir des interdits, celui qui se détache de ce monde endure les épreuves avec facilité, et celui qui se prépare à la mort s'empresse d'accomplir les bonnes actions. Et la certitude repose sur quatre branches: la clairvoyance de la compréhension, l'interprétation de la sagesse, la leçon des exemples et la pratique des anciens. Celui qui voit clair dans la compréhension interprète la sagesse, celui qui interprète la sagesse comprend les leçons, et celui qui comprend les leçons semble avoir vécu parmi les anciens. Et la justice repose sur quatre branches: la profondeur de la compréhension, l'abondance du savoir, la fleur de la sagesse et le jardin de la patience. Celui qui comprend explique les aspects du savoir, celui qui sait explique les mystères de la sagesse, et celui qui est patient ne se laisse pas emporter par des affaires qui le mettraient mal à l'aise parmi les gens. Et le jihad repose sur quatre branches: ordonner le bien, interdire le mal, être sincère dans les relations et détester les pécheurs. Celui qui ordonne le bien renforce le dos du croyant, celui qui interdit le mal humilie l'hypocrite, celui qui est sincère dans les relations règle ce qui est sur lui, et celui qui déteste les pécheurs et se met en colère pour Dieu, le Tout-Puissant, Dieu se met en colère pour lui. Voilà la foi et ses piliers et branches.
Et la mécréance repose sur quatre piliers: la désobéissance, l'arrogance, le doute et la suspicion. Et la désobéissance repose sur quatre branches: l'ingratitude, la cécité, la négligence et l'arrogance. Celui qui est ingrat méprise la vérité, méprise les savants, persiste dans de grands péchés, celui qui est aveugle oublie le rappel, suit les conjectures et est influencé par le diable, celui qui est négligent est trompé par ses désirs, et quand les voiles sont levés, il est pris de regrets, et ce qui lui apparaît de la part de Dieu n'était pas ce qu'il espérait. Celui qui est arrogant envers l'ordre de Dieu, Dieu l'humilie par Son autorité, le diminue par Sa grandeur comme il a négligé Son commandement noble. Et l'arrogance repose sur quatre branches: l'entêtement, la querelle, l'égarement et la discorde. Celui qui s'entête ne parvient pas à la vérité et ne fait que s'enfoncer dans les ténèbres, chaque tentation ne fait que l'entraîner dans une autre, déchirant sa religion, se perdant dans des affaires confuses, s'éloignant du chemin des croyants. Et le doute repose sur quatre branches: l'angoisse, le soupçon, l'hésitation et la soumission. Celui qui fait du doute sa religion ne connaîtra que la confusion, celui qui hésite sera dépassé par