Privilège et Adversité — Al-Tawḥīd | al-imane

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1. `Ali ibn Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn `Imran al-Daqqaq said: Muhammad ibn Ya`qub said: `Ali ibn Muhammad said who eliminated the source of the report, on the authority of Shu`ayb al`Aqarqufi, on the authority of Abu Baisr that I was sitting before Abu `Abd Allah al-Sadiq (AS) and a questioner asked him, “May I be your ransom, O son of the Messenger of Allah (SA)! How does adversity reach the sinners so that He punished them for their actions out of His Knowledge? Abu `Abd Allah (AS) replied, O questioner, Allah, the Mighty and High, knows that no one from His Creation can truly rise. When He knows this, He bestowed His lovers the strength for His recognition and took away from them the weightiness of the action with the reality of what they deserve. He gave the disobedient the strength through which they disobey. Due to His prior Knowledge, He did not prohibit them from accepting Him because His Knowledge is better about the reality of confirmation. They act in accord with His Prior Knowledge, despite the fact they ar able to desist from His disobedience. This is the meaning of `He wills what He wills’, and it is a secret.

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2. Muhammad ibn al-Hasan ibn Ahmad ibn al-Walid (RA) said: Muhammad ibn al-Hasan alSaffar said: Muhammad ibn al-Husayn ibn Abu al-Khattab said, on the authority of `Ali ibn Asbat, on the authority of `Ali ibn Abu Hamzah, on the authority of Abu Basir that Abu `Abd Allah (A)S about the Word of Allah, the Mighty and High: They shall say: O our Lord! Our adversity overcame us. He (AS) said: “They faced adversity as a result of their actions.”

IsnādNous a informé Muhammad ibn al-Hasan ibn Ahmad ibn al-Walid (qu'Allah lui fasse miséricorde) qui a dit: Nous a informé Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Saffar qui a dit: Nous a informé Muhammad ibn al-Husayn ibn Abi al-Khattab, d'Ali ibn Asbat, d'Ali ibn Abi Hamza, d'Abu Basir, de l'Imam Abu Abdullah (sur lui la paix)...

...concernant la parole d'Allah, exalté soit-Il: "Ils dirent: 'Seigneur, nos malheurs ont prévalu sur nous...'" (Sourate Sad, verset 16). Il a dit: Par leurs actions, ils ont causé leur propre malheur.

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3. Al-Sharif Abu `Ali Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn `Abd Allah ibn al-Hasan ibn al-Husayn ibn `Ali ibn al-Husayn ibn `Ali ibn Abu Talib (AS) said: `Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Qutaybah al-Naysaburi said, on the authority of al-Fadl ibn Shadhan, on the authority of Muhammad ibn Abu `Umayr that I asked Abu al-Hasan Musa ibn Ja`far (AS) about the meaning of the Word of the Messenger of Allah (SA): “The adverse is one who had been adverse in the womb of his mother, and the privileged in one who had been privileged in womb of his mother.” So he (AS) replied, The adverse person is he who Allah knows from the womb of his mother that he will perform the deeds of the adverse. And the privileged person is the one who Allah knows from the womb of his mother that he will perform the deeds of the privileged. I asked him, ,”Then what is the meaning of his (SA) Word: `All of you act! Everything has been made easy when created.’” He replied, Verily, Allah, the Mighty and High, created the jinn and the human beings to serve Him and not to disobey Him. Hence, the Word of the Mighty and High: And I have not created the jinn and the men except that they should serve Me. Therefore, He made everything easy when He created it. Woe to him who preferred blindness over guidance.

IsnādNous a informé Al-Sharif Abu Ali Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Al-Hassan ibn Al-Hussein ibn Ali ibn Al-Hussein ibn Ali ibn Abi Talib, que la paix soit sur eux, a dit: Nous a informé Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Qutaybah Al-Nisabouri, de Al-Fadl ibn Shadhan, de Muhammad ibn Abi Umair, qui a dit: J'ai demandé à Abu Al-Hassan Musa ibn Ja'far, que la paix soit sur eux, sur la signification de la parole du Messager d'Allah, que la paix soit sur lui et sur sa famille: "Le malheureux est malheureux dès le ventre de sa mère, et le bienheureux est bienheureux dès le ventre de sa mère." Il a répondu: Le malheureux est celui dont Allah sait, alors qu'il est encore dans le ventre de sa mère, qu'il accomplira les actes des malheureux, et le bienheureux est celui dont Allah sait, alors qu'il est encore dans le ventre de sa mère, qu'il accomplira les actes des bienheureux. J'ai dit: Alors, quelle est la signification de sa parole, que la paix soit sur lui et sur sa famille: "Agissez, car chaque action est facilitée pour ce pour quoi Allah a créé"? Il a répondu: Certes, Allah le Puissant et Majestueux a créé les djinns et les humains pour qu'ils L'adorent et non pour qu'ils Lui désobéissent, comme Il le dit: "Je n'ai créé les djinns et les humains que pour qu'ils M'adorent." Il facilite donc à chacun ce pour quoi Il l'a créé. Malheur à celui qui préfère l'aveuglement à la guidance.

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4. My father (RA) said: Sa`d ibn `Abd Allah said, on the authority of Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khalid, on the authority of his father, on the authority of al-Nadr ibn Suwayd, on the authority of Yahya ibn `Imran al-Halabi, on the authority of Mu`alla Abu `Uthman, on the authority of `Ali ibn Hanzalah that Abu `Abd Allah al-Sadiq (AS) said: The privileged will enter the path of the adverse until the people say: `He is so similar to them that he must be one of them.’ Then the privilege reaches him. And sometimes the adverse enters the path of the privileged until the people says: `He is so similar to them that he must be one of them.’ Then adversity reaches him. Verily, whoever Allah, the Exalted, knows to be privileged, He will bring his life to an end with privilege, even if the only time that remains tin the world is the hiccup of a she-camel.

IsnādAbu Rahmah (qu'Allah lui fasse miséricorde) a dit: Nous a informés Sa'd ibn Abdullah, d'Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khalid, de son père, de Nadhr ibn Suwayd, de Yahya ibn Imran al-Halabi, de Mu'alla Abu Uthman, d'Ali ibn Hanzala, d'Abu Abdullah (sur lui la paix) a dit:

"Celui qui suit la voie des heureux finira par être considéré comme l'un des malheureux par les gens, alors qu'il est en réalité l'un des heureux, et le bonheur le rattrapera. Et celui qui suit la voie des malheureux finira par être considéré comme l'un des heureux par les gens, alors qu'il est en réalité l'un des malheureux, et le malheur le rattrapera. Certes, si Allah a destiné à quelqu'un le bonheur, même s'il ne reste de ce monde que le haut d'une chamelle, il le scellera par le bonheur."

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5. Muhammad ibn al-Hasan ibn Ahmad ibn al-Walid (RA) said: Muhammad ibn al-Hasan alSaffar said, on the authority of Ya`qub ibn Yazid, on the authority of Safwan ibn Yahya, on the authority of Mansur ibn Hazim that: Abu `Abd Allah al-Sadiq (AS) said: Verily, Allah, the Mighty and High, created privileged and adversity before He created His Creation. So whoever Allah knows to be privileged, Allah is never displeased with Him at any time. Even if he does an evil deed, Allah is displeased with the act, but not with him. If He knows someone to be adverse, Allah is displeased with Him at all times. Even if he does a good deed, Allah is please with the act, but displeased with him for what he will become. Thus, if Allah is pleased with something, then He never displeased with it; and if He is displeased with something, He is never pleased with it.

IsnādNous a informé Muhammad ibn al-Hasan ibn Ahmad ibn al-Walid (qu'Allah lui fasse miséricorde) qui a dit: Nous a informé Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Saffar, de la part de Ya'qub ibn Yazid, de la part de Safwan ibn Yahya, de la part de Mansur ibn Hazim, de la part d'Abu 'Abdullah (que la paix soit sur lui).

Certes, Allah, Puissant et Majestueux, a créé le bonheur et le malheur avant de créer Sa création. Ainsi, celui à qui Allah a accordé le bonheur, il ne le déteste jamais. Et celui qui commet le mal, il déteste son acte mais ne le déteste pas lui-même. Et si sa destinée est le malheur, il ne l'aimera jamais. Et s'il accomplit une bonne action, il aime son acte mais déteste ce vers quoi il tend. Ainsi, quand Allah aime quelque chose, Il ne le déteste jamais. Et quand Il déteste quelque chose, Il ne l'aime jamais.

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6. Muhammad ibn al-Hasan ibn Ahmad ibn al-Walid (RA) said: Muhammad ibn al-Hasan alSaffar and Sa`d ibn `Abd Allah both said: Ayyub ibn Nuh said, on the authority of Muhammad ibn Abu `Umayr, on the authority of Hisham ibn Salim that Abu `Abd Allah al-Sadiq (AS) was asked to interpret the Word of Allah, the Mighty and High: And know that Allah intervenes between man and his heart. He (AS) said: “He intervenes between man and the belief that falsehood is the righteous.” It is also said: “Verily, Allah, the Blessed and Exalted, intervenes between man and his heart through death.” Abu `Abd Allah (AS) said: “Verily, Allah, the Blessed and Exalted, brings people from adversity to privilege, but does not bring people for privilege to adversity.”

IsnādNous a informé Muhammad ibn al-Hasan ibn Ahmad ibn al-Walid, que Dieu lui fasse miséricorde, qui a dit: Nous a informé Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Saffar, et Sa'd ibn Abdullah ensemble, qui ont dit: Nous a informé Ayyub ibn Nuh, de la part de Muhammad ibn Abi 'Umayr, de la part de Hisham ibn Salim, de la part d'Abu 'Abdullah, que la paix soit sur lui, concernant la parole d'Allah, le Puissant et Majestueux: "Et sachez qu'Allah intervient entre l'homme et son cœur."

Il a dit: Il intervient entre lui et le fait de savoir que le mensonge est la vérité. Il a été dit que Dieu, exalté soit-Il, intervient entre l'homme et son cœur par la mort. Et Abu 'Abdullah, que la paix soit sur lui, a dit: Certes, Dieu, exalté soit-Il, transfère le serviteur de la misère au bonheur, et ne le transfère pas du bonheur à la misère. Chapitre sur le rejet du déterminisme et de la prédestination.