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Chapitre
The meaning of what Umm Salama wrote to Aisha when she wanted to go out to Basra
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1. We were told by Muhammed bin Ali Majilawayh, may Allah be pleased with him, that he said: I was told by my paternal uncle, Muhammed bin Abi’l-Qasem, from Muhammed bin Ali al-Sayrafi al-Qurashi al-Kufi, that he said: We were told by Nasr bin Muzahim al-Manqari, from Umar bin Sa’d, from Abu Mukhnif, Lut bin Yahya, from ‘Uqba al-Azdi, from Abu Akhnas al-Arhubi, that he said: When Aisha wanted to go out to Basra, Umm Salama, may Allah be pleased with her, the wife of the Prophet, Allah’s blessings be upon him and his Family, wrote to her: To proceed, you are, indeed, an obstacle between the Messenger of Allah, Allah’s blessings be upon him and his Family, and between his nation, and (you are) his veil that is cast on his sanctity. The Qur’an had gathered that for you, so dot open it, and it declared that you should remain in the core (of your home), so do not make it to be in the desert. Indeed, Allah is behind this nation. Certainly, the Messenger of Allah, Allah’s blessings be upon him and his Family, knew your place. If he wanted to bequeath to you, he would surely have done, and he has certainly bequeathed, so preserve what he was bequeathed, and so not oppose, lest that you oppose your Lord. Moreover, remember the saying of him, peace be upon him, with regards to the barking of the dogs of Haw’ab, and his saying: «What is it for women to (engage in) conquest?» And the saying of him, Allah’s blessings be upon him and his Family: «Look, O Humaira, be careful that you deviate». Rather, he had forbidden you to march in the lands. Indeed, the pillar of Islam will never be upright through women if it inclines, nor will it be fulfilled through them if it is cut. The utmost acts of women is to lower the gazes, to maintain reticence in their bodies and to lessen their stepping. What would you say if the Messenger of Allah, Allah’s blessings be upon him and his Family, had met you in some open lands, while you are wandering uphill from one spot to another? Indeed, your desire is observed by the Eye of Allah, and you will return to (be judged before) Allah’s Messenger. You have removed his cover and abandoned the oath to him. If I had marched this march of yours and it would then be said to me: «Enter the Highest Paradise» I would be embarrassed from meeting Allah’s Messenger, Allah’s blessings be upon him and his Family, having violated a veil he had cast over me. Make your shield to be your house and the layered veil your grave, until you meet him. You will be, while you are in that condition, the most obedient you can be to Allah with regards to what He has bound upon you, and (you would be) the most supporting you can be to the Religion, if you were to sit (by abstaining) from it. If I was to remind you of a saying that you know, you would have bit me like the biting of a dotted snake. Aisha then said: How accepting am I to your advice, and how knowledgeable am I of your sincerity. The matter is not as you assume. How good of a march is a march in which two quarreling fractions advanced to me; if I am to sit (by not marching), it will be of no discomfort, and if I am to rise (by marching), it would be towards that which is a must to increase from. Umm Salama then said: If it was adhering strongly from (falling unto) the slip of anyone, Aisha would have the legitimacy to blame the people. How many traditions of Allah’s Messenger have become extinguished, After (the interpretation of) verses of the Qur’an were extinguished? Allah might remove from a people their intellects, Until it is that which finishes off the head.
IsnādMuhammad ibn Ali Majilouyeh nous a informés - qu'Allah soit satisfait de lui - il a dit: Mon oncle [Muhammad ibn Abi al-Qasim] m'a informé, de la part de Muhammad ibn Ali al-Sayrafi al-Qurashi al-Kufi, qui a dit: Nasr ibn Mazahim al-Munqari nous a informés, d'après Omar ibn Saad, d'après Abi Mukhnaf Lut ibn Yahya, d'après Aqabah al-Azdi, d'après Abi Akhnas al-Arhabi, il a dit: Lorsque Aisha voulait se rendre à Basra, Umm Salama - qu'Allah soit satisfait d'elle - l'épouse du Prophète (que la paix et les bénédictions d'Allah soient sur lui) lui écrivit: Après cela, tu es un rempart entre le Messager d'Allah (que la paix et les bénédictions d'Allah soient sur lui) et sa communauté, et un voile établi sur sa sanctité. Il a rassemblé le Coran, donc ne le néglige pas, et reste dans ton lieu de résidence sans le quitter. Allah est derrière cette communauté. Le Messager d'Allah (que la paix et les bénédictions d'Allah soient sur lui) connaît ta place, s'il voulait te confier quelque chose, il l'aurait fait. Il t'a confié quelque chose, donc garde ce qu'il t'a confié et ne va pas à l'encontre de ses directives, sinon il sera mécontent de toi. Souviens-toi de sa parole concernant les aboiements des chiens à Haw'ab, et sa parole "Qu'ont à voir les femmes avec la guerre?" et sa parole (que la paix et les bénédictions d'Allah soient sur lui) : "Regarde, ô Hamiraa, ne sois pas celle qui cause des troubles. Il t'a interdit l'excès dans les terres. Les femmes sont les gardiennes des regards, les protectrices des honneurs, et les barrières des frontières. Ce que je te dis, si le Messager d'Allah (que la paix et les bénédictions d'Allah soient sur lui) t'avait confrontée avec des morceaux de cuivre, tu les aurais rejetés d'un puits à l'autre. Ton refuge est auprès d'Allah, et tu es soumise au Messager d'Allah. Il a dirigé ses flèches et laissé ses instructions. Si tu parcours ce chemin et qu'on te dise "Entre au Paradis", j'aurais honte de voir le Messager d'Allah (que la paix et les bénédictions d'Allah soient sur lui) te jeter un voile qu'il a établi sur toi. Fais de ta maison ta forteresse et des quatre murs de ta tente ta tombe, jusqu'à ce que tu le rencontres, et sois obéissante à Allah dans ce qu'il t'a prescrit, et soutiens la religion dans ce que tu as délaissé. Si je te rappelle une parole que tu connais, elle me déchirera comme le couteau déchire la viande." Aisha a dit: Ton conseil ne me convainc pas, et je ne reconnais pas ton intention de me conseiller. La situation n'est pas comme tu le penses, et quelle belle situation où je suis confrontée à deux groupes en conflit, si je reste, ce n'est pas difficile, et si je pars, il est inévitable d'y ajouter quelque chose. Umm Salama a dit: Si quelqu'un était protégé contre une erreur, Aisha aurait des reproches à faire aux gens, combien d'années elle a étudié avec le Messager d'Allah, récitant des versets du Coran. Allah peut retirer l'intelligence des gens jusqu'à ce que celui qui tranche soit sur la tête.