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Chapitre
The meaning of the salute of the mosque, and the meaning of the prayer and what relates to that from the totality of the narration
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1. We were told by Abu’l-Hasan, Ali bin Abdullah bin Ahmad al-Aswari, that he said: We were told by Abu Yusuf, Ahmad bin Muhammed bin Qais al-Sajzi al-Mudhakkar, that he said: We were told by Abu’l-Hasan, Amru bin Hafs, that he said: I was told by Abu Muhammed, Ubaidullah bin Muhammed bin Asad, in Baghdad, that he said: We were told by Hussain bin Ibrahim, Abu Ali, that he said: We were told by Yahya bin Sa’eed al-Basri, that he said: We were told by Ibn Jareeh, from ‘Ataa’, from ‘Ubaid bin ‘Umayr al-Laithi, from Abu Dharr, may Allah grant him mercy, that he said: I entered into the place of Allah’s Messenger, Allah’s blessings be upon him and his Family, while he was in the mosque, sitting alone, so I took profit from his solitude. He then said to me: O Abu Dharr, indeed, there is a salutation to the mosque. Then I said: And what is its salutation? He said: Two rak’a’s that you perform. He then turned to me, and I said: O Messenger of Allah, you have, indeed, ordered me to pray, so what is the prayer? He said: The best of places, hence, the one who wants may do less, and the one who wants may do more. He said: I said: Which of acts is the most beloved to Allah, Exalted and Glorious is He? He said: Faith in Allah and striving for His sake. I said: Then which of the believers has the most complete faith? He said: Those of them with the best mannerisms. I said: And which of the believers are the best? He said: The one whom Muslims are at safety from his tongue and hand. I said: And which part of the night is the best? He said: The core of the bygone night. I said: And which prayer is the best? He said: The prolonged qunut. I said: And which charity is the best? He said: (To spend) Effort from one destitute to a poor in secret. I said: And what is fasting? He said: A rewarding obligation, and with Allah are many multiples (of it). I said: And which of the necks (in captivity) is the best? He said: That which is of most expensive price, and which is most valuable to its people. I said: And what striving is the best? He said: The one in which one’s horse is slaughtered and one’s blood is shed. Then I said: And which verse whom Allah sent down upon you is the greatest? He said: The verse of the Chair. Then he said: O Abu Dharr, the Heavens are not, as compared to the Chair, except like a small ring thrown into an open land, and the preference of the Throne over the Chair is like preference of the open land over that small ring. I said: O Messenger of Allah, how many are the Prophets? He said: A hundred and twenty-four thousand Prophets. I said: How many are the Messengers among them? He said: Three hundred and thirteen, a numerous abundance. I said: Who was the first of the Prophets? He said: Adam. I said: And was he, from among the Prophets, a Messenger? He said: Yes, Allah created him with His Hand and blew into him from His Spirit. Then he said: O Abu Dharr, four of the Prophets were Syriac: Adam, Sheeth , Akhnoukh , that is Idrees, peace be upon him, and he was the first to write with the pen, and Nuh . And they were four from the Arabs: Hud, Saleh, Shu’ayb and your Prophet, Muhammed. The first Prophet from the sons of Isra’eel was Musa , and the last of them was Isa , and six hundred Prophets. I said: O Messenger of Allah, how many Books did Allah, Exalted is He, send down? He said: A hundred and four books. Allah, Exalted is He, sent down fifty Journals unto Sheeth, peace be upon him, and thirty Journals upon Idrees, and twenty Journals upon Ibrahim, and He sent down the Tawrat , Injeel , Zabour and the Criterion [1]. I said: O Messenger of Allah, and what were the Journals of Ibrahim? He said: They were proverbs, all of them: «O possession that is trialed and lured, indeed, I have not sent you that you might gather this world, some of it above another. However, I have sent you in order that you might respond, on behalf of Me, to the prayer of the oppressed, for indeed, I will not reject it, even if it may be from a disbeliever. Moreover, it is upon the rational, unless his sense of sanity is subjugated, that he has (made for himself) certain hours: an hour in which he confidentially talks to his Lord, Exalted and Glorious is He; an hour in which he puts himself in reckoning; an hour in which he thinks of what Allah, Exalted is He, has done; and an hour in which he secludes himself to (gain) a portion of his right from what is permissible, and indeed, this hour is an assistance to those hours and a relaxation to the hearts and an unloading of them. Moreover, it is upon the rational to be insightful in his age, moving forward upon his matter, preserving to his tongue, for indeed, the one who calculates his speech from his act, his speech will lessen, except for that which concerns him. Moreover, it is upon the rational that he seeks three: a means of amends for livelihood; a means of increasement for the revival; and pleasure in other than what is forbidden.» I said: O Messenger of Allah, and what were the Journals of Musa? He said: They were lessons, all of them: «I am amazed at the one who is certain of death, how can he rejoice? And of the one who is certain of the Fire, why does he smile? And the one who sees this world and its change with its people, why does he seek confidence to it? And the one who is certain of destiny, why does he strive excessively? And of the one who is certain of the Reckoning, why does he not act?» I said: O Messenger of Allah, is there in our hands from what Allah, Exalted is He, has sent down unto you, of that which was in the Journals of Ibrahim and Musa? He said: O Abu Dharr, recite: «Certainly, he has succeeded, the one who gives the alms tax, and mentions the Name of his Lord and prays. Rather, you are preferring the life of this world, whereas the Hereafter is better and more remaining? Indeed, this is, verily, in the first Journals, the Journals of Ibrahim and Musa.» (87:14-19) I said: O Messenger of Allah, bequeath to me. He said: I bequeath you to (establish) fear of Allah, for indeed, it is the head of the matter, all of it. I said: Increase me. He said: It is upon you to recite the Qur’an and to mention Allah in abundance, for indeed, it is (a cause to) mentioning of you in Heaven and a light for you on earth. I said: Increase me. He said: It is upon you to prolong silence, for indeed, it is (a means of) expelling devils and an assistance to you for the matters of your religion. I said: Increase me. He said: Beware from much laughing, for indeed, it causes the heart to die. I said: Increase me. He said: It is upon you to love the needy and sit with them. I said: Increase me. He said: Say the truth, even if it is bitter. I said: Increase me. He said: Do not fear, for the sake of Allah, the blame of a blamer. I said: Increase me. He said: Let yourself be constrained from people due to what you know about yourself, and do not find upon people (in search for blemish) in that which you do. He then said: It is sufficient for an individual’s blemish that there are three traits in him: that he knows about people that which he is unaware of (that he possesses) himself; that he is embarrassed to them from that which he himself is in; and that he harms the one he sits with by that which does not concern him. He then said: O Abu Dharr, there is no awareness like reflection; no piety like abstention; and no nobility like good mannerisms.
Abu Al-Hasan Ali ibn Abdullah ibn Ahmad Al-Aswari nous a informés, il a dit: Abu Yusuf Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Al-Qays Al-Sajzi Al-Mudhakkir nous a informés, il a dit: Abu Al-Hasan Amr ibn Hafs m'a informé, il a dit: Abu Muhammad Ubaydullah ibn Muhammad ibn Asad à Bagdad nous a informés, il a dit: Al-Husayn ibn Ibrahim Abu Ali nous a informé, il a dit: Yahya ibn Sa'id Al-Basri nous a informés, il a dit: Ibn Jurayj nous a informés, d'après 'Ata', d'après Ubayd ibn 'Umair Al-Laythi, d'après Abu Dhar - qu'Allah lui fasse miséricorde - a dit: "Je suis entré chez le Messager d'Allah, paix et bénédictions d'Allah soient sur lui, alors qu'il était assis seul dans la mosquée. J'ai profité de sa solitude et il m'a dit: 'Ô Abu Dhar, la mosquée a une salutation.' J'ai demandé: 'Quelle est sa salutation?' Il a dit: 'Deux unités de prière que tu accomplis.' Ensuite, je me suis retourné vers lui et j'ai demandé: 'Ô Messager d'Allah, tu m'as ordonné de prier, mais qu'est-ce que la prière?' Il a dit: 'C'est le meilleur acte que l'on puisse accomplir. Celui qui veut en faire peu peut le faire, et celui qui veut en faire beaucoup peut le faire.' J'ai demandé: 'Quelles actions sont les plus aimées d'Allah, le Puissant et Majestueux?' Il a dit: 'La foi en Allah et le combat dans Sa voie.' J'ai demandé: 'Quel croyant a la foi la plus complète?' Il a dit: 'Celui qui a le meilleur caractère.' J'ai demandé: 'Quel croyant est le meilleur?' Il a dit: 'Celui dont les musulmans sont en sécurité de sa langue et de sa main.' J'ai demandé: 'Quelle partie de la nuit est la meilleure?' Il a dit: 'Le dernier tiers de la nuit.' J'ai demandé: 'Quelle prière est la meilleure?' Il a dit: 'La prolongation du Qunut.' J'ai demandé: 'Quelle aumône est la meilleure?' Il a dit: 'Celle que tu donnes en cachette, de la main droite à un pauvre, en faisant de ton mieux pour la cacher.' J'ai demandé: 'Qu'en est-il du jeûne?' Il a dit: 'C'est une obligation méritoire, et auprès d'Allah, il a des récompenses multiples.' J'ai demandé: 'Quel esclave est le meilleur?' Il a dit: 'Celui dont le prix est le plus élevé et qui se libère lui-même pour sa famille.' J'ai demandé: 'Quel jihad est le meilleur?' Il a dit: 'Celui qui combat courageusement et sacrifie sa vie.' J'ai demandé: 'Quel verset qu'Allah a révélé est le plus grand?' Il a dit: 'Le Verset du Trône.' Ensuite, il a dit: 'Ô Abu Dhar, les sept cieux par rapport au Trône ne sont que comme un anneau jeté dans une plaine, et la supériorité du Trône sur le Kursi est comme la supériorité de cette plaine sur cet anneau.' J'ai demandé: 'Ô Messager d'Allah, combien y a-t-il de prophètes?' Il a dit: 'Cent vingt-quatre mille prophètes.' J'ai demandé: 'Combien d'entre eux étaient des messagers?' Il a dit: 'Trois cent treize messagers nombreux.' J'ai demandé: 'Qui fut le premier des prophètes?' Il a dit: 'Adam.' J'ai demandé: 'Parmi les prophètes, y en a-t-il qui étaient envoyés?' Il a dit: 'Oui, Allah l'a créé de Sa main et a insufflé en lui de Son Esprit.' Ensuite, il a dit: 'Ô Abu Dhar, quatre des prophè