328
Chapitre
The meaning of final points
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1. We were told by Muhammed bin Hasan bin Ahmad bin Waleed, may Allah be pleased with him, that he said: We were told by Muhammed bin Hasan al-Saffar, from Ayub bin Nuh, from Muhammed bin Abi ‘Umayr, from Saif bin ‘Umayra, from Abu Hamza al-Thumali, from al-Sadiq, Ja’far bin Muhammed, peace be upon them both, that he said: Famousness through acts of worship is a (cause for) doubt. Indeed, my father told me of his father, of his grandfather, peace be upon him, that the Messenger of Allah, Allah’s blessings be upon him and his Family, said: The most worshipping among the people is the one who establishes the obligatory acts; the most openhanded among the people is the one who gives the alms tax of his property; the most abstaining among the people is the one who refrains from the forbidden; the most godfearing among the people is the one who says the truth with regards to what is for (the advantage of) himself and (for what is of disadvantage) upon himself; the most just among the people is the one who is pleased for people what he is pleased with for himself, and dislikes for them what he dislikes for himself; the most smart among the people is the one who most intensively mentions death; the one to be most envied among the people is the one who is beneath the sand, for certainly, he is to be safe from punishment and expects reward; the most unaware among the people is the one who does not take lesson from the change of this world from one case to another case; the one with greatest danger among the people in this world is the one who does not make this world a matter of danger to himself; the most knowledgeable among the people is the one who gathers the knowledge of people to his own knowledge; the most courageous among the people is the one who defeats his desire; the most worthy among the people is the one with the most knowledge; and the least worthy among the people is the one with the least knowledge; the one with the least enjoyment among the people is the jealous; the one with the least comfort among the people is the stingy; the most stingy among the people is the one who is stingy with regards to what Allah, the Exalted, has obliged upon him; the one who is more rightful to the truth among the people is the one who acts most with it; the one with the least sanctity among the people is the impious; those with the least loyalty among the people are kings; the one with the least friends among the people is the king; the most poor among the people is the greedy; the most rich among the people is the one who is not a captive to craving; the one with the best faith among the people is the one with the best mannerisms among them; the most generous among the people is the most godfearing among them; the most worthy among the people is the one who leaves what does not concern him; the most pious among the people is the one who leaves quarrel, even if he is rightful; the one with the least manliness among the people is the one who is a liar; the most wretched among the people are kings; the most loathsome among the people is the arrogant; the one with most intense diligence among the people is the one who abandons sins; the most wise among the people is the one who flees from the severely ignorants among people; the most happy among the people is the one who mingles with dignified people; the most intelligent among the people is the one with the most conformity with people; the one who is more rightful to accusation among the people is the one who sits with the people of accusation; the most insolent among the people is the one who kills other than his murderer or hits other than his hitter; the one who is more rightful to pardoning among the people is the one who is most able among them to punish; the most rightful to sin among the people is the fool, the backbiter; the most debased among the people is the one who humiliates people; the most resolute among the people is the one who mostly suppresses rage among them; the most righteous among the people is the one among them who is more righteous to people; and the best among the people is the one from whom people benefit.
IsnādMuhammad ibn al-Hasan ibn Ahmad ibn al-Walid nous a informés, qu'Allah soit satisfait de lui, il a dit: Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Saffar nous a informés, d'après Ayyub ibn Nuh, de Muhammad ibn Abi 'Umayr, de Saif ibn 'Umaira, d'après Abi Hamza al-Thumali, de l'Imam Al-Sadiq Ja'far ibn Muhammad, que la paix soit sur eux, a dit:
"Se montrer ostentatoire dans l'adoration est une forme d'hypocrisie. Mon père m'a informé de son père, de son grand-père, que la paix soit sur eux, que le Messager d'Allah, que la prière et la paix d'Allah soient sur lui et sur sa famille, a dit: Les plus adorateurs parmi les gens sont ceux qui accomplissent les obligations, les plus généreux parmi les gens sont ceux qui acquittent la Zakat de leurs biens, les plus détachés des biens matériels parmi les gens sont ceux qui évitent l'illicite, les plus pieux parmi les gens sont ceux qui disent la vérité dans ce qui les concerne et dans ce qui concerne autrui, les plus équitables parmi les gens sont ceux qui acceptent pour les autres ce qu'ils acceptent pour eux-mêmes et détestent pour les autres ce qu'ils détestent pour eux-mêmes, les plus sages parmi les gens sont ceux qui se rappellent le plus la mort, les plus enviables parmi les gens sont ceux qui sont sous la terre et ont évité le châtiment, espérant la récompense, les plus négligents parmi les gens sont ceux qui ne tirent pas de leçon du changement des situations de ce monde, les plus exposés aux dangers parmi les gens sont ceux qui ne considèrent pas ce monde comme un danger, les plus savants parmi les gens sont ceux qui rassemblent la connaissance des gens à leur propre connaissance, les plus courageux parmi les gens sont ceux qui dominent leurs désirs, les plus estimés parmi les gens sont ceux qui ont le plus de valeur en connaissance, les moins appréciés parmi les gens sont ceux qui ont le moins de connaissance, les moins satisfaits parmi les gens sont les envieux, les moins reposés parmi les gens sont les avares, les plus avares parmi les gens sont ceux qui retiennent ce qu'Allah leur a prescrit de dépenser, les plus dignes de confiance parmi les gens sont ceux qui agissent en accord avec la vérité, les moins respectés parmi les gens sont les pécheurs, les moins fidèles parmi les gens sont les rois, les moins aimés parmi les gens sont les arrogants, les plus zélés parmi les gens sont ceux qui évitent les péchés, les plus justes parmi les gens sont ceux qui fuient l'ignorance des gens, les plus heureux parmi les gens sont ceux qui fréquentent les nobles parmi les gens, les plus raisonnables parmi les gens sont ceux qui se comportent de la meilleure façon avec les gens, les plus susceptibles d'être accusés parmi les gens sont ceux qui fréquentent les accusateurs, les plus injustes parmi les gens sont ceux qui tuent sans raison ou frappent sans être frappés, les plus dignes de pardon parmi les gens sont ceux qui ont le plus de capacité à punir, les plus blâmables parmi les gens sont les sots qui médissent, les plus méprisés parmi les gens sont ceux qui humilient les autres, les plus retenus parmi les gens sont ceux qui maîtrisent leur colère, les plus réformateurs parmi les gens sont ceux qui réforment les autres, les meilleurs parmi les gens sont ceux dont les gens bénéficient."
2. We were told by Ali bin Abdullah al-Warraq, that he said: We were told by Sa’d bin Abdullah, from Ibrahim bin Ma’ruf, from Ibrahim bin Mahziyar, from his brother, Ali, from Hasan bin Sa’eed, from Harith bin Muhammed bin Nu’man, the cross-eyed, the companion of al-Taq, from Jameel bin Saleh, from Abu Abdillah al-Sadiq, from his fathers, peace be upon them, that he said: The Messenger of Allah, Allah’s blessings be upon him and his Family, said: The one who would like to be the most generous of the people, let him fear Allah, Exalted and Glorious is He. The one who would like to be the most godfearing of the people, let him trust Allah. The one who would like to be the wealthiest of people, let him be with regards to what is with Allah, Exalted and Glorious is He, more confident than with what is in his hand. Then he, Allah’s blessings be upon him and his Family, said: Shall I not inform you of the worst of people? They said: Sure, O Messenger of Allah. He said: The one who hates people and whom people hate. Then he said: Shall I not inform you of worse than this? They said: Sure, O Messenger of Allah. He said: The one who does not dismiss an accidental mistake, nor accepts an apology nor forgives a sin. Then he said: Shall I not inform you of worse than this? They said: Sure, O Messenger of Allah. He said: The one whose evil cannot be guarded from, nor whose good can be expected. Indeed, Isa ibn Maryam, peace be upon him, stood upon among the sons of Isra’eel and said: O sons of Isra’eel, do not speak of the wisdom to the severely ignorants, lest you wrong it, and do not prevent its people, lest you wrong them, and do not assist the oppressor with his oppression, lest your virtue is invalidated. Things are three: a matter whose guidance has been clarified to you, so follow it; a matter whose enticement has been clarified to you, so avoid it; and a matter about whom it is disputed, so leave it for Allah, Exalted and Glorious is He.
IsnādAli ibn Abdullah al-Waraq nous a informés, il a dit: Sa'd ibn Abdullah nous a informés, d'après Ibrahim ibn Ma'ruf, d'après Ibrahim ibn Mahziyar, d'après son frère Ali, d'après Al-Hasan ibn Sa'id, d'après Al-Harith ibn Muhammad ibn al-Nu'man al-Ahwal, compagnon de la ceinture, d'après Jamil ibn Salih, d'après Abu Abdullah al-Sadiq, d'après ses pères, que la paix soit sur eux, qui ont dit: Le Messager d'Allah, que la paix et les bénédictions d'Allah soient sur lui, a dit: "Celui qui souhaite être le plus honorable parmi les gens, qu'il craigne Allah, le Tout-Puissant. Celui qui souhaite être le plus pieux parmi les gens, qu'il place sa confiance en Allah. Celui qui souhaite être le plus riche parmi les gens, que ce qu'il possède auprès d'Allah, le Tout-Puissant, soit plus sûr que ce qu'il a dans sa main." Puis il a dit, que la paix et les bénédictions d'Allah soient sur lui: "Ne devrais-je pas vous informer des pires des gens?" Ils ont dit: "Si, ô Messager d'Allah." Il a dit: "Celui que les gens détestent et qui déteste les gens." Ensuite, il a dit: "Ne devrais-je pas vous informer d'une catégorie parmi eux?" Ils ont dit: "Si, ô Messager d'Allah." Il a dit: "Celui qui ne pardonne pas les erreurs, n'accepte pas les excuses et ne pardonne pas les péchés." Ensuite, il a dit: "Ne devrais-je pas vous informer d'une catégorie parmi eux?" Ils ont dit: "Si, ô Messager d'Allah." Il a dit: "Celui qui ne craint pas son mal et n'espère pas son bien. Même Jésus, fils de Marie, que la paix soit sur lui, s'est levé parmi les Enfants d'Israël et a dit: 'Ô Enfants d'Israël, ne jugez pas la sagesse des ignorants, sinon vous l'opprimerez. Ne privez pas ses gens de leur droit, sinon vous les opprimerez. Ne soutenez pas l'oppresseur dans son injustice, sinon vous annulerez votre propre mérite. Les affaires sont de trois sortes: une affaire claire où sa direction est évidente, suivez-la; une affaire obscure où son issue est cachée, abstenez-vous; une affaire où il y a divergence, retournez-la à Allah, le Tout-Puissant.'"
3. We were told by my father, may Allah be pleased with him, that he said: We were told by Ali bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Hussain bin Yazid al-Nawfili, from Isma’eel bin Abi Ziyad, from al-Sadiq, Ja’far bin Muhammed, from his father, from his fathers, peace be upon them, that he said: The Messenger of Allah, Allah’s blessings be upon him and his Family: What type of property is the best? He said: A cultivation planted by its owner, made right by him and whose right he fulfils on the day of its harvesting. It was said: O Messenger of Allah, then what type of property is the best after cultivation? He said: That a man among his sheep who leads them to the places of rain, establishes the prayer and gives the alms tax. It was said: O Messenger of Allah, then what type of property is the best after sheep? He said: Cows, they are milked at the morning in goodness, and at departure in goodness. It was: O Messenger of Allah, then what type of property is the best after cows? He said: The immovable (plants) in mire and which feed during the state of being barren. The best of things is the palm three when it is sold, for its price is only by the like of ash on the top of a lofty thing when intensively hit by wind on a stormy day, except if he leaves behind (something) in its place. It was said: O Messenger of Allah, then what type of property is the best after the palm trees? Then he became silent, and then a man said to him: Then where are camels? He said: In them are wretchedness, roughness and laborious effort, and after (leaving) home, at the morning, it turns its back, and at departure, it turns it back. Its goodness does not come except from its ill-omened side. Verily, it, indeed, it is not free of the wretched, the dissolute.
IsnādMon père nous a informés, qu'Allah soit satisfait de lui, il a dit: Ali ibn Ibrahim nous a informés, de son père, de Al-Hussein ibn Yazid An-Nawfali, de Ismaïl ibn Abi Ziyad, de As-Sadiq Ja'far ibn Muhammad, de son père, de ses ancêtres, que la paix soit sur eux, qui ont dit: Le Messager d'Allah, que la prière et la paix d'Allah soient sur lui, a été interrogé: Quelle richesse est la meilleure? Il a dit: C'est celui qui plante sa culture, la cultive, la répare et en donne les droits le jour de la récolte. On lui demanda: Ô Messager d'Allah, quelle richesse est meilleure après la culture? Il a dit: Un homme qui a des troupeaux qu'il mène vers les pâturages, qui établit la prière et donne la charité. On lui demanda: Ô Messager d'Allah, quelle richesse est meilleure après les troupeaux? Il a dit: Les vaches qui paissent et qui rentrent en bon état. On lui demanda: Ô Messager d'Allah, quelle richesse est meilleure après les vaches? Il a dit: Les palmiers dans la boue et les chèvres dans le pâturage, oui, le palmier est comme celui qui le vend, car son prix est comme la cendre sur une haute montagne, emportée par le vent lors d'une tempête, sauf s'il est remplacé à sa place. On lui demanda: Ô Messager d'Allah, quelle richesse est meilleure après les palmiers? Il est resté silencieux, puis un homme lui a demandé: Et que dire des chameaux? Il a dit: Ils apportent la misère, la sécheresse, la fatigue, et après avoir paissé loin de la maison, ils reviennent fatigués, et partent fatigués, ne tirant profit que des pires côtés. Ils ne laissent pas les plus malheureux à l'aube.
[Traduction du contenu principal du hadith]
4. We were told by Muhammed bin Ibrahim bin Ishaq, that he said: We were told by Ahmad bin Muhammed al-Hamdani, that he said: We were told by Hasan bin Qasem, while he was reading, that he said: We were told by Ali bin Ibrahim al-Mu’alla, that he said: We were told by Abu Abdillah, Muhammed bin Khalid, that he said: We were told by Abdullah bin BIkr al-Muradi, from Musa bin Ja’far, from his father, from his grandfather, from Ali bin Hussain, from his father, peace be upon them, that he said: The Commander of the Believers was, one day, sitting with his companions, preparing them for war, as an old man, in whom was the fatigue of travel, approached him and said: Where is the Commander of the Believers? Then it was said: It is him. So he sent peace upon him, and then he said: O Commander of the Believers, indeed, I have come to you from the side of the Levant, and I am an old man who have heard about you of virtue what I cannot count, and indeed, I assume that you will be assassinated. Hence, teach me from what Allah has taught you. He said: Yes, O old man, the one whose two days are equal, is defrauded; the one to whom this world is his concern, his heartbrokenness will intensify when it is separated (from him); the one whose tomorrow is the worst of his two days, is prevented; the one who does not care about what will afflict him in his Hereafter once his worldly affairs are safe, is to perish; the one who does not promise to give himself less will be defeated by desire; and the one who is in (a state of) decline, death is best for him. O old man, be pleased for people what you are pleased with for yourself, and give to people what you would like to be given to you. Then he turned towards his companions and said: O people, do you not see the people of this world, that they sleep at night and wake up at morning on various conditions; between one who has collapsed and bends, between one who visits (an ill person) and one who is visited (due to illness), and another who struggles with himself (due to decline), and another who is not sought, and another who is covered (by a cloth after having died), and who demands from this world while death seeks him, and one who is unaware, but is not neglected. In accordance to the past (In this manner) the rest become. Then Zaid bin Sawhan al-‘Abdi said to him: O Commander of the Believers, which (element of) authority is more defeating and strong? He said: Desire. He said: Then what type of debasement is the most debased? He said: Craving for this world. He said: Then what type of poverty is the most intense? He said: Disbelief after faith. He said: Then what type of call is the most misleading? He said: The one who calls for what will not be. He said: Then what act is the best? He said: Godfearness. He said: Then what act is the most successful? He said: Seeking what is with Allah. He said: Then what type of companion is the worst? He said: The one who beautifies for you the disobedience to Allah. He said: Then whom of the creation is the most wretched? He said: The one who sells his afterlife with the worldly affairs of someone else. Then whom of the creation is the strongest? He said: The forbearing. He said: Then whom of the creation is the most avaricious? He said: The one who takes a property from other than what is allowable and places it in other than its right. He said: Then whom among the people is the smartest? He said: The one who is insightful of his guidance from enticement and inclines to his guidance. He said: Then who is the most forbearing among the people? He said: The one who does not become angry. Then who among the people has the most stable opinion? He said: The one whom people do not seduce from himself, and whom this world does not seduce with its beautification. He said: Then whom among the people is the most stupid? He said: The one who is seduced by this world while he sees what is in it of its change of conditions. He said: Then who among the people is the most intensively heartbroken? He said: The one who was prevented from this world and the Hereafter; that is the clear loss. He said: Then who among the creation is the most blind? He said: The one who acts for other than Allah and seeks with his act reward from Allah, Exalted and Glorious is He. He said: Then what type of the content is the best? He said: The one who is content with what Allah has given him. He said: Then what type of calamity is the most difficult? He said: The calamity with regards to Religion. He said: Then which act is the most beloved to Allah, Exalted and Glorious is He? He said: Awaiting relief. He said: Then who among the people is the best to Allah, Exalted and Glorious is He? He said: The one among them who is most fearful of Allah, the one among them who acts the most with godfearness and the one among them who is the most abstaining in this world. He said: Then what type of speech is the best to Allah, Exalted and Glorious is He? He said: Mentioning him in abundance, invoking to Him and supplicating. He said: Then what saying is the most truthful? He said: The testimony that there is no god but Allah. He said: Then which act is the greatest to Allah, Exalted and Glorious is He? He said: Submission and piety. He said: Then who among the people is the most truthful? He said: The one who is truthful in places of trial. Then he, peace be upon him, approached the old man and said: O old man, indeed, Allah, Exalted and Glorious is He, created a creation which He tightened this world upon in favor to them, and so He made them abstinent in it and with regards to its waste material. Hence, they became desiring for the Home of Peace which He called them to, and they became patient for the tight livelihood and became patient for adversity, and they longed for what is with Allah of dignity and spent their lives for the sake of achieving the satisfaction of Allah, and the seal of their acts has become martyrdom. Thus, they met Allah while He was pleased with them, and they knew that death is the path of those who went and who remain, and so, they increased for their Hereafter with other than gold and silver, wore coarse clothing, were patient for humiliation, preferred virtue, loved for the sake of Allah and hated for the sake of Allah, Exalted and Glorious is He. Those are the lamps in this world and the people of bliss in the Hereafter. Peace. Then the old man said: Then to where shall I go and leave Paradise, while I see it and see its people with you, O Commander of the Believers? Prepare me with strength by which I can become strong against your enemy. Then the Commander of the Believers, peace be upon him, gave him a weapon and incited him, and he was in the war between the hands of the Commander of the Believers, peace be upon him, hitting foot by foot, and the Commander of the Believers, peace be upon him, was amazed by what he was doing. When the war intensified, he moved his horse forward until he was killed, may Allah grant him mercy. He was followed by a man from the companions of the Commander of the Believers, peace be upon him, and he found him collapsed, and he found his riding animal, and he found his sword in his arm. When the war ended, the Commander of the Believers, peace be upon him, was brought his riding animal and weapon, and the Commander of the Believers, peace be upon him, prayed upon him, and he said: This is, by Allah, the truly ejoicing, so ask Allah to grant mercy to your brother.
IsnādMuhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn Ishaq nous a informés, il a dit: Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Hamdani nous a informés, il a dit: Al-Hasan ibn al-Qasim a récité pour nous, il a dit: Ali ibn Ibrahim al-Ma'la nous a informés, il a dit: Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Khalid nous a informé, il a dit: Abdullah ibn Bakr al-Muradi, de Musa ibn Ja'far, de son père, de son grand-père, de Ali ibn al-Hussein, de son père, que la paix soit sur eux, a dit: Alors que l'Imam des croyants, que la paix de Dieu soit sur lui, était un jour assis avec ses compagnons les préparant pour la guerre, un vieil homme portant les signes du voyage vint à lui et dit: "O Imam des croyants, je viens de la direction de Sham en tant que vieil homme ayant entendu parler de vos mérites que je ne peux compter. Je crains que vous ne soyez assassiné, alors enseignez-moi ce que Dieu vous a enseigné."
Il répondit: "O vieil homme, celui qui équilibre ses journées est dans la bonne voie, celui pour qui ce monde est sa préoccupation ressentira un grand regret en le quittant, celui pour qui le lendemain est pire que ses jours actuels est privé, celui qui ne se soucie pas de ce qui lui manquera dans son au-delà une fois que son monde lui est assuré est perdu, celui qui ne lutte pas contre les défauts de son âme sera dominé par ses désirs. Celui qui est en défaut, la mort est meilleure pour lui. O vieil homme, accepte des gens ce que tu accepterais pour toi-même et donne aux gens ce que tu aimerais qu'ils te donnent. Puis il se tourna vers ses compagnons et dit: "O gens, ne voyez-vous pas que les gens de ce monde passent leurs matinées et leurs soirées dans des conditions diverses, entre un mourant qui se tord, un revenant et un habitué, un prodigue et un avare, un chercheur de ce monde et un fuyant la mort, un insouciant qui ne sera pas oublié, et que le passé devient l'avenir. Puis Zaid ibn Sawhan al-Abdi lui demanda: "O Imam des croyants, quel pouvoir est le plus fort et le plus puissant?" Il répondit: "La passion." Il demanda: "Quelle humiliation est la plus humiliante?" Il répondit: "La convoitise pour ce monde." Il demanda: "Quelle pauvreté est la plus grande?" Il répondit: "La mécréance après la foi." Il demanda: "Quelle invocation est la plus égarée?" Il répondit: "Celui qui invoque pour ce qui ne se réalisera pas." Il demanda: "Quelle action est la meilleure?" Il répondit: "La piété." Il demanda: "Quelle action est la plus réussie?" Il répondit: "Rechercher ce qui est auprès de Dieu." Il demanda: "Quel compagnon est le pire?" Il répondit: "Celui qui embellit la désobéissance à Dieu." Il demanda: "Quelle créature est la plus misérable?" Il répondit: "Celui qui vend sa religion pour les biens de ce monde." Il demanda: "Quelle créature est la plus forte?" Il répondit: "Le patient." Il demanda: "Quelle créature est la plus avare?" Il répondit: "Celui qui prend de l'argent illégalement et le dépense injustement." Il demanda: "Quelle personne est la plus sage?" Il répondit: "Celui qui voit clairement entre la vérité et l'erreur et suit la vérité." Il demanda: "Quelle personne est la plus clémente?" Il répondit: "Celui qui ne se met pas en colère." Il demanda: "Quelle personne a le jugement le plus stable?" Il répondit: "Celui que les gens n'ont pas trompé sur lui-même et que le monde n'a pas séduit par ses appare