76
Chapitre
The meaning of the letters of the alphabet
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1. We were told by Muhammed bin Bakran al-Naqqash, may Allah grant him mercy, that he said: We were told by Ahmad bin Muhammed al-Hamdani, that he said: We were told by Ali bin Hasan bin Ali bin Faddal, from his father, from Abu’l-Hasan, Ali ibn Musa al-Rida, peace be upon him, that he said: Indeed, the first which Allah, Exalted and Glorious is He, created in order to teach His servants writing, were the letters of the alphabet. If a man was hit on his head with a stick and he was to claim that he is not fluent of some speech, the ruling with his regard is that he is presented with the letters of the alphabet and then given indemnity by the degree of what he is not fluent with. Furthermore, I was told by my father, of his father, of his grandfather, of the Commander of the Believers, peace be upon him, with regards to «Alif Baa’ Taa Thaa’» that he said: The «Alif» is the Bounties [1] of Allah, the «Baa’» is the Delight [2] of Allah, the «Taa’» is the completion [3] of the matter with the Qa’im of the Family of Muhammed, Allah’s blessings be upon and his Family, and the «Thaa’» is the reward [4] of the believers for their righteous deeds. «Jeem Hhaa’ Khaa’» the «Jeem» is the Beauty [5] of Allah and the Glory [6] of Allah, the «Hhaa’» is the Forbearance [7] of Allah towards the sinners and the «Khaa’» is the dullness [8] of the people of disobedient acts to Allah, Exalted and Glorious is He. «Daal Dhaal» the «Daal» is the Religion [9] of Allah and the «Dhaal» stems from the Possessor of Glory [10]. «Raa’ Zaay» the «Raa» stems from the Compassionate, the Merciful, and «Zaay» is the earthquake [11] on the Day of Resurrection. «Seen Sheen» the «Seen» is the Sublimity [12] of Allah and the «Sheen» is that Allah wished [13] what He wished and wanted what He wanted, and you may not wish except by (permission of) the wish of Allah. «Ssaad Dhaad» the «Ssaad» stems from Truthful in promise with regards to carrying people on the Path and withholding the oppressors at the Observation Point and the «Dhaad» is: astray [14] is he who opposes Muhammed and the Family of Muhammed, Allah’s blessings be upon him and his Family. «Ttaa’ Dhaa’» the «Ttaa’» is: Tuba for the believers, and for them is a good return, and the «Dhaa’» is the assumption [15] of the believers in goodness towards Allah and the assumption of the disbelievers in evil towards Him. «’Ayn Ghayn» the «’Ayn» stems from Knowledgeable and «Ghayn» stems from Rich [16]. «Faa’ Qaaf» the «Faa’» refers to a relief [17] from the doors of relief and a crowd [18] from the crowds of the Fire, and the «Qaaf» is a Qur’an which is upon Allah to gather and recite. «Kaaf Laam» the «Kaaf» stems from Sufficient and the «Laam» refers to the nonsense [19] of the disbelievers in their fabrication of lies against Allah. «Meem Nun» the «Meem» refers to the Kingdom of Allah on the Day when there is no king but Him and He, Exalted and Glorious is He, will say: «To whom is the Kingdom today?» (40:16). Then the souls of His Prophets, Messengers and Proofs will speak and say: «To Allah, the One, the Prevailing» (40:16). Then He, Glorified be His Glory, will say: «Today, every soul shall be rewarded with what it earned. There is no injustice today. Indeed, Allah is Swift in account.» (40:17). The «Nun» refers to the favor [20] of Allah to the believers and His exemplary punishment [21] of the disbelievers. «Waw Haa’» the «Waw» refers to woe [22] to those who disobey Allah and the «Haa’» refers to that those who disobey Allah are despised. «Laa Yaa’» the «Laam Alif» refer to: there is no god but Allah [23], and that is the word of sincerity; there is no servant who says it with sincerity except that Paradise is made obligatory for him. «Yaa’» is the Hand [24] of Allah above His creation, the Extender of sustenance, Glorified and Exalted is He above what they associate. Then he, peace be upon him said: Indeed, Allah, Blessed and Exalted is He, sent down this Qur’an with these letters which are exchanged by all the Arabs. Then he said: «Say: Certainly, if the humans and the jinns were to gather to bring an equal to this Qur’an, they will not bring an equal to it, even if they were to each other, assistants.» (17:88)
Muhammad ibn Bukran an-Naqash a rapporté - qu'Allah lui fasse miséricorde - de Kufa, il a dit: Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Hamdani nous a informés, il a dit: Ali ibn al-Hasan ibn Ali ibn Fudal, de son père, de Abi al-Hasan Ali ibn Musa ar-Rida que la paix soit sur lui, a dit: "Certes, la première chose qu'Allah le Puissant et Majestueux a créée pour qu'Il soit connu par Sa création est l'écriture des lettres de l'alphabet. Et si un homme se frappe la tête avec un bâton prétendant qu'il ne peut pas bien parler, alors le jugement à son égard est de lui montrer les lettres de l'alphabet, puis de lui donner une compensation pour ce qu'il n'a pas pu articuler. Mon père m'a informé, de son père, de son grand-père, de l'Imam des croyants que la paix soit sur eux, concernant les lettres "Alif, Ba, Ta, Tha", il a dit: "Alif" est les grâces d'Allah, "Ba" est la joie d'Allah, "Ta" est l'accomplissement de l'ordre avec l'Imam de la famille de Muhammad que la paix soit sur lui et sur eux, et "Tha" est la récompense des croyants pour leurs bonnes actions. "Jim, Ha, Kha" - "Jim" est la beauté et la majesté d'Allah. Et "Ha" est la clémence d'Allah envers les pécheurs. Et "Kha" est la paresse des gens du péché aux yeux d'Allah le Puissant et Majestueux. "Dal, Dhal" - "Dal" est la religion d'Allah, et "Dhal" est de Celui qui possède la grandeur. "Ra, Zay" - "Ra" est de Celui qui est compatissant et miséricordieux. Et "Zay" est les secousses du Jour de la Résurrection. "Sin, Shin" - "Sin" est la lumière d'Allah, et "Shin" est ce qu'Allah veut et décide ce qu'Il veut, et vous ne voulez rien sauf ce qu'Allah veut. "Sad, Dad" - "Sad" est de celui qui est sincère dans sa promesse de guider les gens sur le droit chemin, et de retenir les injustes à leur place. Et "Dad" est égaré celui qui va à l'encontre de Muhammad et de la famille de Muhammad que la paix soit sur lui et sur eux. "Ta, Dha" - "Ta" est la bonne nouvelle pour les croyants et une belle demeure, et "Dha" est la bonne opinion des croyants envers Allah et la mauvaise opinion des mécréants envers Lui. "Ain, Ghayn" - "Ain" est de Celui qui sait et "Ghayn" est de Celui qui est riche. "Fa, Qaf" - "Fa" est le soulagement d'une des portes du soulagement et un groupe parmi les groupes du Feu, et "Qaf" est le Coran envers Allah, Son assemblée et Son récitant. "Kaf, Lam" - "Kaf" est de Celui qui suffit et "Lam" est le mensonge des mécréants dans leurs inventions sur Allah. "Mim, Nun" - "Mim" est le royaume d'Allah le Jour où nul autre que Lui n'a de pouvoir, et Il dit, Puissant et Majestueux: "À qui appartient la royauté aujourd'hui?" Puis les âmes de Ses prophètes, de Ses messagers et de Ses preuves témoignent en disant: "À Allah, l'Unique, le Contraignant." Alors le Majestueux dit: "Aujourd'hui, chaque âme sera rétribuée selon ce qu'elle a acquis. Aucune injustice aujourd'hui, car Allah est prompt à rendre compte. "Et "Nun" est la faveur d'Allah pour les croyants et Sa vengeance sur les mécré
2. We were told by Ahmad bin Muhammed bin Abdul-Rahman al-Miqri, the ruler, that he said: We were told by Abu Amru, Muhammed bin Ja’far al-Miqri al-Jarjani, that he said: We were told by Abu Bakr, Muhammed bin Hasan al-Mosuli in Baghdad, that he said: We were told by Muhammed bin ‘Asim al-Turayfi, that he said: We were told by Abu Zaid, ‘Ayyash bin Yazid bin Hasan, that he said: I was told by Ali al-Kahhal, the servant of Zaid bin Ali, that he said: I was told by my father, from Yazid bin Hasan, that he said: I was told by Musa bin Ja’far, from his father, Ja’far bin Muhammed, from his father, Muhammed bin Ali, from his father, Ali bin Hussain, from his father, Hussain bin Ali, peace be upon them, that he said: A Jew came to the Prophet, Allah’s blessings be upon him and his Family, and next to him was the Commander of the Believers, Ali bin Abi Talib, peace be upon him, and he said to him: What is the benefit of the letters of the alphabet? Then the Messenger of Allah, Allah’s blessings be upon him and his Family, said to Ali, peace be upon him: Answer him. And he said: O Allah, give him success and direct him. Then Ali bin Abi Talib, peace be upon him, said: There is no letter except that it is a Name from the Names of Allah, Exalted and Glorious is He. Then he said: As for the «Alif» it is Allah whom there is no god but Him, the Living, the Superb Sustainer. As for the «Baa’» it is that He remains [1] after the termination of His creation. As for the «Taa’» it is the Accepter of Repentance [2] who accepts repentance from His servant. As for the «Thaa’» it is the Firm [3], the Being. «Allah sets firm those who have believed with the Firm Saying» (14:28). As for «Jeem» it refers to: Glorified [4] be His Commendation and Sanctified be His Names. As for the «Hhaa’» it is the Truth [5], Living, Forbearing [6]. As for the «Khaa’» it is the Acquainted [7] with what the servants do. As for the «Daal» it is the Judge [8] on the Day of Judgement. As for the «Dhaal» it is the Possessor of Glory and Generosity [9]. As for the «Raa’» it is the Compassionate with His servants. As for «Zaay» it is the Most Graceful of the Worshipped [10]. As for the «Seen» it is the All-Hearing, the All-Seeing [11]. As for the «Sheen» it is the Thanker [12] of His believing servants. As for the «Ssaad» it is Truthful in His promise and threat. As for the «Dhaad» it is the Harmer [13], the Helpful. As for the «Ttaa’» it is the Pure [14], the Purifier [15]. As for the «Dha» it is the Apparent [16], He who makes clear His signs. As for the «’Ayn» it is the Knowledgeable of His servants. As for the «Ghayn» it is the Succor [17] granted to the appealers of succor. As for the «Faa’» it is the Divider [18] of the seeds and kernels. As for the «Qaaf» it is the Powerful above all His creation. As for the «Kaaf» it is the Sufficient to whom there is no equivalent, and who does not beget nor is born. As for «Laam» it is the Kind [19] with His servants. As for the «Meem» it is the Owner [20] of the Kingdom. As for the «Nun» it is the Light of the Heavens and the earth from the Light of His Throne. As for the «Waw» it is One [21], Eternal, who does not beget nor is born. As for the «Haa’» it is the Guide of His creation. As for the «Laam Alif» it refers to: there is no god except for Allah, there is no associate to Him. As for the «Yaa’» it refers to that the Hand of Allah is Extended above His creation. Then the Messenger of Allah, Allah’s blessings be upon him and his Family, said: This is the saying which Allah, Exalted and Glorious is He, is pleased for Himself from all His creation. Then the Jew accepted Islam.
Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Muqri al-Hakim a rapporté, a dit: Abu Amr Muhammad ibn Ja'far al-Muqri al-Jurjani a rapporté, a dit: Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Mawsili à Bagdad a rapporté, a dit: Muhammad ibn 'Asim al-Tarifi a rapporté, a dit: Abu Zayd 'Ayyash ibn Yazid ibn al-Hasan a rapporté, a dit: Ali al-Kahhal, le mawla de Zayd ibn Ali, a dit: Mon père m'a informé, de Yazid ibn al-Hasan, a dit: Musa ibn Ja'far ibn, de son père Ja'far ibn Muhammad, de son père Muhammad ibn Ali, de son père Ali ibn al-Hussein, de son père al-Hussein ibn Ali, que la paix soit sur eux, a dit: Un juif est venu voir le Prophète, que la paix et les bénédictions d'Allah soient sur lui, en présence de l'émir des croyants Ali ibn Abi Talib, que la paix soit sur lui, et lui a dit: Quel est l'avantage des lettres de l'alphabet ? Le Messager d'Allah, que la paix et les bénédictions d'Allah soient sur lui, a dit à Ali, que la paix soit sur lui: Réponds-lui, et il a dit: "Ô Allah, accorde-lui la compréhension et la guidance." Ali ibn Abi Talib, que la paix soit sur lui, a dit: Il n'y a pas une lettre qui ne soit un des noms d'Allah, le Puissant et Majestueux. Puis il a dit: Quant à "Alif", c'est Allah, il n'y a de divinité digne d'adoration qu'Allah, le Vivant, l'Immuable. Et quant à "Ba", c'est le Survivant après la disparition de Sa création. Et quant à "Ta", c'est le Repentant qui accepte le repentir de Ses serviteurs. Et quant à "Tha", c'est le Constant, l'Existence "Allah maintient fermement ceux qui croient avec la parole ferme". Et quant à "Jim", c'est Sa gloire et Ses noms sont sanctifiés. Et quant à "Ha", c'est le Vrai, le Clément. Et quant à "Kha", c'est Celui qui sait ce que font Ses serviteurs. Et quant à "Dal", c'est le Juge du Jour du Jugement. Et quant à "Dhal", c'est Celui de la Majesté et de la Générosité. Et quant à "Ra", c'est Compatissant envers Ses serviteurs. Et quant à "Zay", c'est Celui qui embellit les adorateurs. Et quant à "Sin", c'est l'Audient, le Clairvoyant. Et quant à "Shin", c'est Celui qui est reconnaissant envers Ses serviteurs croyants. Et quant à "Sad", c'est Véridique dans Sa promesse et Sa menace. Et quant à "Dad", c'est Celui qui nuit et qui est bénéfique. Et quant à "Ta", c'est le Pur, le Purificateur. Et quant à "Dha", c'est le Manifeste, l'Apparent de Ses signes. Et quant à "Ayn", c'est Celui qui connaît Ses serviteurs. Et quant à "Ghayn", c'est le Secours de ceux qui implorent Son secours. Et quant à "Fa", c'est le Diviseur de la graine et du noyau. Et quant à "Qaf", c'est Celui qui a pouvoir sur toute Sa création. Et quant à "Kaf", c'est le Suffisant, à qui nul ne peut se comparer, Il n'a ni engendré ni été engendré. Et quant à "Lam", c'est le Doux envers Ses serviteurs. Et quant à "Mim", c'est "A toi [la royauté]". Et quant à "Nun", c'est la Lumière des cieux et de la terre, de la lumière de Son Trône. Et quant à "Waw", c'est l'Unique