72
Chapitre
The meaning of the letters of the Adhan and Iqamah
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1. We were told by Ahmad bin Muhammed bin Abdul-Rahman al-Maruzi, the Magran ruler, that he said: We were told by Abu Amru, Muhammed bin Ja’far al-Miqri al-Jarjani, that he said: We were told by Abu Bakr, Muhammed bin Hasan al-Mosuli in Baghdad, that he said: We were told by Muhammed bin ‘Asim al-Turayfi, that he said: We were told by Abu Zaid, Abbas bin Yazid bin Hasan, the cameleer, the servant of Zaid bin Ali, that he said: I was informed by my father, Yazid bin Hasan, that he said: I was told by Musa ibn Ja’far bin Muhammed, from his father, Muhammed bin Ali, from his father, Ali bin Hussain, from his father, Hussain bin Ali bin Abi Talib, peace be upon them, that he said: We were sitting in the Mosque, and the muezzin climbed up the minaret and said: Allah is Greater, Allah is Greater. Then the Commander of the Believers, Ali bin Abi Talib, peace be upon him, wept and we wept due to his weeping. When the muezzin was finished, he said: Do you comprehend what the muezzin says? We said: Allah, His Messenger and his Successor are more knowledgeable. He said: If you are to know what he says, you would certainly laugh a little and weep much. For his saying: «Allah is Greater» are many meanings, among which is that the muezzin’s saying: «Allah is Greater» implies His Ancientness, Eternity, Perpetuity, Knowledge, Strength, Ability, Forbearance, Generosity, Munificence, Bestowal and Solemnity. Hence, when the muezzin says: «Allah is Greater» then he is saying: Allah is He to whom belongs the creation and the commandment, and with His Volition the creation was, and from Him is everything to the creation, and to Him returns the creation. He is the first before everything, He was not perishing, and the Last after everything, He will not perish. He is the Dominant above everything, He may not be perceived, and the Inside beneath everything. He is the Remaining when everything except Him is to annihilate. The second meaning: Allah is Greater, meaning the Knowing, the Acquainted upon them, with regards to what was and what will be before it is. The third: Allah is Greater, meaning the Powerful over everything, He is Able to do what He wishes, the Strong due to His Strength, the Potent over His creation, the Strong in His Essence. His Ability is established upon all things; if He decides a matter, He only says to it: Be, and it is. Fourth: Allah is Greater, in the meaning of His Forbearance and Generosity, forbearing as if He is not known, pardoning as if He is not seen, veiling as if He is not disobeyed. He does not rush with a punishment, out of generosity, pardon and forbearance. Another indication of the meaning of «Allah is Greater» is the Munificent, giving in magnitude, the Generous in good deeds. Another indication of «Allah is Greater» is that it includes a negation of Him possessing a characteristic and a condition, such as if he is saying: Allah is More Glorious than for the describers to comprehend the degree of His characteristic. By which He is characterized, but that the describers only describe Him based upon their ability (of understanding), not based upon the degree of His Greatness and Glory, Exalted be Allah above the describers to be able to comprehend His characteristic, a Great Exaltation. Another indication of «Allah is Greater» is as if he is saying: Allah is Higher and More Glorious, and He is the Self-Sufficient from His servants, He has no need for the deeds of His creation. As for his saying: «I testify that there is no god but Allah» it is an announcement that the testimony is not possible unless by knowing Him from the heart, as if he is saying: I know that there is none to be worshipped except for Allah, Exalted and Glorious is He, and that every worshipped is false except for Allah, Exalted and Glorious is He, and I acknowledge with my tongue what is in my heart of knowledge that there is no god but Allah, and I testify that there is no refuge from Allah except to Himself, and there is no escape from the evil of every evil and the affliction of every affliction except by Allah. At the second time «I testify that there is no god but Allah» means: I testify that there is no guide except for Allah, and there is no guide for me to Religion except for Allah, and I testify before Allah that I testify that there is no god but Allah, and I testify before the inhabitants of the Heavens and the inhabitants of the Earths, and what is in them of all the Angels and people, and what is in them of mountains, trees, cattle and beasts, and every moist and dry, that I testify that there is no creator except for Allah, and there is no sustainer, worshippers, harmer, helpful, taker, extender, granter, preventor, admonisher, sufficient, first nor last except for Allah, to Him belongs the creation and the order, and in His Hand is all good, Blessed be Allah, the Lord of all the worlds. As for his saying: «I testify that Muhammed is the Messenger of Allah» he is saying: I testify before Allah that there is no god but Him and that Muhammed is His Servant, Messenger, Prophet, Chosen and Confidant, whom He sent to the totality of people, all of them, with the guidance and the Religion of Truth, that He may make him victorious above all religion, even if the polytheists dislike it, and I testify before those in the Heavens and the earth of all the Prophets, Messengers, Angels and people that Muhammed is the Master of the first and the last. At the second time «I testify that Muhammed is the Messenger of Allah» he is saying: I testify that there is no need for anyone except for Allah, the One, the Vanquisher, the Self-Sufficient from all His servants, the creations and people, and that He sent Muhammed to the people as a bearer of glad tidings, warner and caller to Allah by His permission, and a brightening lamp; he who denies and rejects him knowingly and does not believe in him, Allah, Exalted and Glorious is He, will enter him into the Fire of Hell, forever, made to abide, not being ever separated from it. As for his saying: «Hasten to prayer» it means: Come to the best of your deeds and the call of your Lord, and rush towards forgiveness from your Lord, the extinguishing of your fire which you have ignited, and the liberation of your necks which you have conditioned, that Allah might expiate from you your misdeeds, forgive you for your sins and replace your misdeeds with good deeds, for indeed, He is a Generous King, possessing Great Favor, and that He has permitted us, all the Muslims, to enter into His service and moving forward to between His Hands. At the second time of «Hasten to prayer» it means: Stand up to supplication to Allah, your Lord, the presentation of your needs before your Lord, and use His speech as a means to Him, and seek intercession with it, increase the remembrance (of Allah), Qunut [1], kneeling, prostration, subordination and submissiveness, and raise to Him your needs, for He has permitted that to us. As for his saying: «Hasten to success», he is saying: Come forward towards a remain after which there is no termination, and salvation with which there is no perishing, and come to a life with which there is no death, to a bliss that has no depletion, to a property from which there is no passing, to a joy with which there is no grief, to a company with which there is no loneliness, to a wealth with which there is no poverty, to a health with which there is no illness, to an honor with which there is no humility, to a strength with which there is no weakness, and to a dignity, how of a dignity is it, and rush towards the joy of this world and the Next, and the salvation of the Hereafter and the First. At the second time of «Hasten to success», he is saying: Precede to what I have called you to, and to the abundant dignification, the great favor, the lofty grace, the great winning, and the bliss of eternity in the vicinity of Muhammed, Allah’s blessings be upon him and his Family, in a Seat of Honor near an All-Sovereign, Perfect in Ability. As for his saying: «Allah is Greater», he is saying: Allah is Higher and More Glorious than for anyone among His creation to know what He has of dignification towards a servant who responds to Him, obeys Him, obeys His commandment, worships Him, knows His threat, occupies himself with Him and His remembrance, loves Him, believes in Him, is assured towards Him, trusts Him, fears Him, seeks Him, misses Him, accords with Him in his ruling and judging and is pleased with Him. At the second time of «Allah is Greater», he is saying: Allah is Greater, Higher and More Glorious than for anyone to know the extent of His dignification of His allies and His punishment of His enemies, the extent of His pardoning, forgiveness and grace towards those who respond to Him and respond to His Messenger and the extent of His torment and exemplary punishment, and that it is for those who denied Him and rejected Him knowingly. As for his saying: «There is no god but Allah» it means: To Allah belongs the ultimate proof upon them, through the Messenger, the Message, the clarification and the call, and He is More Glorious than for anyone of them to have a proof against Him. Hence, he who responds to Him, to him is light and dignity, and he who denies him, then indeed, Allah is Self-Sufficient from all the worlds, and He is the Swiftest of Accountants. The meaning of «Verily, the prayer has been established» in the Iqamah means that the time has come for visitation, supplication, fulfillment of needs, attainment of wishes and reaching Allah, Exalted and Glorious is He, and His dignification, pardoning, satisfaction and forgiveness.
IsnādNous a informé Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Marwazi al-Hakim al-Muqri, qui a dit: Nous a informé Abu Amr Muhammad ibn Ja'far al-Muqri al-Jurjani, qui a dit: Nous a informé Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Mawsili à Bagdad, qui a dit: Nous a informé Muhammad ibn Asim al-Tarifi, qui a dit: Nous a informé Abu Zaid Abbas ibn Yazid ibn al-Hasan al-Jamal, le mawla de Zaid ibn Ali, qui a dit: Mon père Yazid ibn al-Hasan m'a informé, qui a dit: Musa ibn Ja'far ibn Muhammad m'a informé, de son père Muhammad ibn Ali, de son père Ali ibn al-Hussein, de son père al-Hussein ibn Ali ibn Abi Talib (qu'Allah soit satisfait d'eux tous), qui a dit:
Nous étions assis dans la mosquée lorsque le muezzin est monté sur le minaret et a dit: "Allahu Akbar", "Allahu Akbar". Alors, l'Imam des croyants, Ali ibn Abi Talib (qu'Allah soit satisfait de lui), a pleuré et nous avons pleuré en le voyant pleurer. Après que le muezzin ait terminé, il a dit: "Savez-vous ce que le muezzin dit ?" Nous avons répondu: "Allah et Son Messager savent mieux". Il a dit: "Si vous saviez ce qu'il dit, vous auriez ri un peu et pleuré beaucoup! Car quand le muezzin dit 'Allahu Akbar', cela signifie que Allah est le Plus Grand dans Sa grandeur, Sa prééminence, Son éternité, Sa connaissance, Sa puissance, Sa capacité, Sa patience, Sa générosité, Son existence, Son don et Sa grandeur. Quand le muezzin dit 'Allahu Akbar', il signifie que Allah est Celui qui a la création et le commandement, que par Sa volonté la création a eu lieu, que tout provient de Lui pour la création, que toute la création retourne à Lui, qu'Il est le Premier avant toute chose sans commencement, et le Dernier après toute chose sans fin, le Manifeste au-dessus de toute chose sans être saisi, l'Inconnaissable en dessous de toute chose sans être limité, l'Éternel alors que tout autre que Lui est éphémère."
2. I was told by Abu’l-Hasan bin Umar and Ibn Ali bin Abdullah al-Basri, that he said: We were told by Abu Muhammed, Khalaf bin Muhammed al-Balkhi, in it [1], from his father, Muhammed bin Ahmad, that he said: We were told by Ayyash bin Dahhak, from Makki ibn Ibrahim, from Ibn Jurayh, from ‘Ataa’, that he said: We were at the place of Ibn Abbas in Ta’if, me, Abu’l-‘Aliya, Sa’eed bin Jubayr and Ikrima, and then the muezzin came and said: Allah is the Greater, Allah is the Greater. The name of the muezzin was Qatham ibn Abdul-Rahman al-Thaqafi. Then Ibn Abbas said: Do you know what the muezzin said? Then Abu’l-‘Alia asked him and said: Tell us of its interpretation. Ibn Abbas said: When the muezzin says: «Allah is Greater, Allah is Greater» he is saying: O those who are occupied with the earth, verily, the prayer has become obligatory, so dedicate yourselves to it. When he says: «I testify that there is no god but Allah» he is saying: The Day of Resurrection will arise, and it will be testified for me by what is in the Heavens and what is in the earth that I have informed you five times a day. When he says: «I testify that Muhammed is the Messenger of Allah» he is saying: The Day of Resurrection will arise, and Muhammed will testify for me before you that I have, verily, informed you of that five times a day, and my argument with Allah is established. When he says: «Hasten to prayer» he is saying: [It is] A right religion, therefore, establish it. When he says: «Hasten to success» he is saying: Come forward to obedience of Allah and take your portion of Allah’s mercy, meaning congregation [1]. When a servant says: «Allah is the Greater, Allah is the Greater» he is saying: Actions have been made forbidden. When he says: «There is no god but Allah» he is saying: The trust of Seven Heavens, Seven Earths, the mountains and the seas have been placed upon your necks, which if you wish so, then accept, and if you wish so, then turn back.
IsnādAbu al-Hasan ibn 'Umar ibn 'Ali ibn 'Abdullah al-Basri a rapporté: Abu Muhammad Khalaf ibn Muhammad al-Balkhi nous a informés, de son père Muhammad ibn Ahmad, qui a dit: 'Ayyash ibn al-Dhahak a rapporté de Maki ibn Ibrahim, de Ibn Juraih, d'Ata' qui a dit: Nous étions chez Ibn 'Abbas à Ta'if, moi, Abu al-'Ala, Sa'id ibn Jubayr et 'Ikrima. Le muezzin est venu et a dit: "Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar." Le nom du muezzin était Qutham ibn 'Abd al-Rahman al-Thaqafi. Ibn 'Abbas a dit: "Savez-vous ce que le muezzin a dit?" Abu al-'Ala l'a interrogé et il a dit: "Informez-nous de son explication." Ibn 'Abbas a dit: "Quand le muezzin dit 'Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar', il dit: 'Ô habitants de la terre, la prière est obligatoire, alors libérez-vous pour elle. Et quand il dit: 'Ashhadu alla ilaha illallah', il dit: 'Il se lèvera au Jour du Jugement et témoignera en ma faveur devant ce qui est dans les cieux et sur la terre que je vous ai informés cinq fois aujourd'hui. Et quand il dit: 'Ashhadu anna Muhammadan rasulullah', il dit: 'Le Jour du Jugement se lèvera et Muhammad témoignera en ma faveur contre vous que je vous ai informés de cela cinq fois aujourd'hui, et ma preuve est établie devant Allah. Et quand il dit: 'Hayya 'ala al-salah', il dit: 'Appelle à une religion établie, alors établissez-la. Et quand il dit: 'Hayya 'ala al-falah', il dit: 'Venez à l'obéissance à Allah et prenez votre part de la miséricorde d'Allah', signifiant la congrégation. Et quand le serviteur dit: 'Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar', il dit: 'Les actions sont interdites. Et quand il dit: 'La ilaha illallah', il dit: 'Vous avez une responsabilité des sept cieux et des sept terres, des montagnes et des mers, placée sur vos épaules. Si vous le souhaitez, acceptez-la, sinon, éloignez-vous.'
[Contenu principal du hadith traduit]
3. We were told by Ali bin Abdullah al-Warraq, and Ali bin Muhammed bin Hasan al-Qazwini, known as Ibn Maqbara, that he said: We were told by Sa’d bin Abdullah bin Abi Khalaf al-Ash’ari, that he said: We were told by Abbas ibn Sa’eed al-Azraq, that he said: We were told by Abu Nasr, from Isa bin Mahran, from Hasan bin Abdul-Wahhab, from Muhammed bin Marwan, from Abu Ja’far, peace be upon him, that he said: Do you know what is the interpretation of «Hasten to the best of deeds»? I said: No. He said: He has called you to loyalty. Do you know loyalty to whom? I said: No. He said: He has called you to loyalty to Fatima and her sons, peace be upon them.
IsnādAli ibn Abdullah al-Waraq et Ali ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Qazwini, connu sous le nom d'Ibn Maqbara, nous ont informés, ils ont dit: Saad ibn Abdullah ibn Abi Khalaf al-Ash'ari nous a informés, il a dit: Al-Abbas ibn Sa'id al-Azraq nous a informés, il a dit: Abu Nasr nous a informés, d'après Isa ibn Mihran, d'après Al-Hasan ibn Abdul Wahab, de Muhammad ibn Marwan, de Abu Ja'far (paix soit sur lui) qui a dit: "Sais-tu l'interprétation de 'Vivre pour le meilleur des actes'?" J'ai dit: Non. Il a dit: Il t'appelle à la piété, sais-tu ce qu'est la piété? J'ai dit: Non. Il a dit: Il t'appelle à la piété envers Fatima et ses enfants, que la paix soit sur eux.
Il t'appelle à la piété envers Fatima et ses enfants, que la paix soit sur eux.
4. We were told by Ali bin Abdullah al-Warraq, and Ali bin Muhammed bin Hasan al-Qazwini, that they both said: We were told by Sa’d bin Abdullah, that he said: We were told by Abbas bin Sa’eed al-Azraq, that he said: We were told by Abu Nasr, from Isa bin Mahran, from Yahya bin Hasan bin Furat, from Hammad bin Ya’la, from Ali bin Hazzur, from Isba’ bin Nabata, from Muhammed bin Hanafiya, that he mentioned the Adhan at his presence and said: When the Prophet, Allah’s blessings be upon him and his Family, was journeyed to Heaven, he reached the Sixth Heaven, an Angel, descended from the Seventh Heaven, who has never descended before that day, and he said: Allah is the Greater, Allah is the Greater. Then Allah, Glorified be His Glory, said: I am as such. Then he said: I testify that there is no god but Allah. Then Allah, Glorified be His Glory, said: I am as such, there is no god but Me. Then he said: I testify that Muhammed is the Messenger of Allah. Allah, Glorified be His Glory, said: My Servant and Trustee upon My creation, I selected him over My servants for My Message. Then he said: Hasten to prayer. Allah, Glorified be His Glory, said: I have made it obligatory upon My servants, and I have made it to Myself a debt. Then he said: Hasten to success. Allah, Glorified be His Glory, said: Successful shall be the one who walks to it and perseveres it for the sake of My Face. Then he said: Hasten to the best of deeds. Allah, Glorified be His Glory, said: It is the best of deeds and the most pure of it to Me. Then he said: Verily, the prayer has been established. Then the Prophet, Allah’s blessings be upon him and his Family, came forward and lead the people of Heaven (in prayer), and from that day, the esteem of the Prophet, Allah’s blessings be upon him and his Family, was completed.
IsnādNous ont rapporté Ali ibn Abdullah al-Waraq et Ali ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Qazwini, qui ont dit : Nous a informé Sa'd ibn Abdullah, qui a dit : Nous a informé Al-Abbas ibn Sa'id al-Azraq, qui a dit : Nous a informé Abu Nasr, d'après Isa ibn Mihran, d'après Yahya ibn al-Hasan ibn al-Furat, d'après Hammad ibn Ya'la, d'après Ali ibn al-Hazur, d'après Al-Isbah ibn Nabatah, d'après Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya, qui a mentionné qu'au moment de l'Ascension du Prophète (que la paix et les bénédictions de Dieu soient sur lui et sa famille) vers les cieux, lorsqu'il atteignit le sixième ciel, un ange descendit du septième ciel, n'étant jamais descendu auparavant, et dit : "Allah est le Plus Grand, Allah est le Plus Grand." Alors Allah, Majestueux et Glorieux, dit : "Je le suis également." L'ange dit : "J'atteste qu'il n'y a de divinité digne d'adoration qu'Allah." Allah, Exalté et Glorieux, dit : "Je le suis également, il n'y a de divinité digne d'adoration qu' Moi." L'ange dit : "J'atteste que Muhammad est le Messager d'Allah." Allah, Majestueux et Glorieux, dit : "Il est Mon serviteur et Mon messager parmi Ma création, Je l'ai choisi pour Mes messages envers Mes serviteurs." Puis il dit : "Vivez dans la prière." Allah, Majestueux et Glorieux, dit : "Je l'ai prescrite à Mes serviteurs et en ai fait pour Moi une religion." Puis il dit : "Vivez dans la réussite." Allah, Majestueux et Glorieux, dit : "Ceux qui s'y engagent réussiront et persévéreront en elle pour Mon Visage." Puis il dit : "Vivez dans les meilleures actions." Allah, Majestueux et Glorieux, dit : "Ce sont les meilleures actions et les plus pures auprès de Moi." Puis il dit : "La prière est établie." Le Prophète (que la paix et les bénédictions de Dieu soient sur lui et sa famille) avança alors et dirigea les habitants des cieux, et depuis ce jour-là, l'honneur du Prophète (que la paix et les bénédictions de Dieu soient sur lui et sa famille) fut complété.