82
Chapitre
The meaning of the names of the Prophet, Allah’s blessings be upon him and his Family, and his Household, peace be upon them
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1. We were told by Abu’l-Hasan, Muhammed bin Ali bin Shah in Marw al-Rudh, that he said: We were told by Abu Bakr, Muhammed ibn Ja’far bin Ahmad al-Baghdadi in Amida, that he said: We were told by my father, that he said: We were told by Ahmad bin Sukht, that he said: We were informed by Muhammed bin Aswad al-Warraq, from Ayoub bin Sulayman, from Abu’l-Bukhturi, from Muhammed bin Hameed, from Muhammed bin Munkadir, from Jabir bin Abdullah al-Ansari, that he said: The Messenger of Allah, Allah’s blessings be upon him and his Family, said: I am the most resembling, among the people, to Adam, and Ibrahim is the most resembling, among the people, to me, in creation and mannerism. Allah named me, from above His Throne, with ten names, and Allah clarified my characteristic and gave glad tidings of me on the tongue of every Messenger He sent to his people, and He named me and spread my name in the Tawrat , and He disseminated my mentioning among the people of the Tawrat and Injeel . He taught me His Words, raised me in His Heaven and derived to me a name from His Names, and so He named me Muhammed [1], and He is Mahmud [2]. He brought me out in the best of centuries from my nation, and He made my name in the Tawrat to be Ahyad, and hence, with (belief in) Monotheism He forbade the bodies of my nation for the Fire. He named me in the Injeel as Ahmad [3], and hence, I am praised among the people of Heaven, and He made my nation the praisers. He made my name in the Zabur to be Maah’; Allah, Exalted and Glorious is He, erased by me the worshipping of idols on earth. He made my name in the Qur’an to be Muhammed, and hence, I am praised among all the people of Resurrection with regards to settling the judgement, none will intercede but me. He named me for the Resurrection a Gatherer to whom people are gathered before my feet. He named me the Position, to whom He, Glorified be His Glory, made the people stand. He named me the Following, as I am the following in order of the Prophets, there is no Messenger after me. He made me the Messenger of Mercy, the Messenger of Returning [4], the Messenger of Epics, and the Traced, as I made the Prophets trace me in congregation [5], and I am the Precious, the Complete, the Collector. My Lord bestowed upon me a favor and said to me: O Muhammed, may Allah’s blessings be upon you, verily, I have sent every Messenger to his nation (to address them) by their tongue, and I sent you to every red and black of my creation, and I assisted you with the horror which I have not assisted anyone with, and I allowed for you the booty, and it was not allowed for anyone before you, and I gave to you and to your nation a treasure from the Treasures of My Throne, the Opening of the Book and the Seal of Surat al-Baqarah, and I made for you and your nation all the earth a spot of prostration and a purified soil, and I gave to you and to your nation the Takbeer [6], and I made your remembrance equivalent to My remembrance, so none of your nation will remember Me except that he remembers you along with My remembrance. Hence, Tuba is for you, O Muhammed, and for your nation.
IsnādAbu al-Hasan Muhammad ibn Ali ibn al-Shah al-Marw al-Rud a rapporté: Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Ja'far ibn Ahmad al-Baghdadi a rapporté: Mon père m'a informé, il a dit: Ahmad ibn al-Sakht a rapporté: Muhammad ibn al-Aswad al-Waraq a rapporté de Ayub ibn Sulayman, de Abu al-Bakhtari, de Muhammad ibn Hamid, de Muhammad ibn al-Mankadar, de Jabir ibn Abdullah al-Ansari, qui a dit: Le Messager d'Allah (que la paix et les bénédictions d'Allah soient sur lui) a dit: "Je suis le plus semblable parmi les gens à Adam et à Ibrahim, je suis le plus semblable à moi en termes de création et de caractère. Allah m'a donné dix noms au-dessus de Son Trône, et entre Allah et moi se trouvent des descriptions et des bonnes nouvelles à mon sujet dans la langue de chaque messager qu'Il a envoyé à son peuple. Il m'a nommé et a répandu mon nom dans la Torah, a fait connaître ma mention aux gens de la Torah et de l'Évangile, m'a enseigné Sa parole, m'a élevé dans Ses cieux et m'a donné un nom parmi Ses noms, Il m'a appelé Muhammad et Il est loué. Il m'a fait sortir dans la meilleure des époques de ma communauté, et Il a fait de mon nom dans la Torah 'Ahmad', donc par la profession de foi, Il a interdit à ma communauté d'être brûlée par le feu. Il m'a nommé dans l'Évangile 'Ahmad', donc je suis loué dans les cieux. Il a fait de ma communauté des louangeurs, et Il a fait de mon nom dans les Psaumes 'Mahmud'. Allah a effacé par moi de la terre le culte des idoles, et Il a fait de mon nom dans le Coran 'Muhammad', donc je suis loué parmi tous les gens du Jour de la Résurrection dans le décret final, personne d'autre que moi ne pourra intercéder, Il m'a nommé le rassembleur le Jour de la Résurrection, Il rassemblera les gens sous mes pieds, Il m'a nommé le témoin, je serai le témoin entre les gens et Allah, Il m'a nommé le dernier des prophètes, il n'y aura pas de prophète après moi, Il m'a fait le messager de la miséricorde, le messager du repentir, le messager des batailles. J'ai été donné la prééminence sur les prophètes en groupe, je suis celui qui est parfaitement établi, celui qui est soutenu par mon Seigneur, et Il m'a dit: 'Ô Muhammad, que la paix soit sur toi, J'ai envoyé chaque messager à son peuple dans sa propre langue, et Je t'ai envoyé à chaque homme rouge et noir parmi ma création. Je t'ai soutenu avec la terreur avec laquelle Je n'ai soutenu personne d'autre, Je t'ai permis le butin qui n'a été permis à personne avant toi, Je t'ai donné à toi et à ta communauté un trésor parmi les trésors de Mon Trône, la sourate d'ouverture du Livre et la conclusion de la sourate de la Vache. J'ai fait de toi et de ta communauté toute la terre une mosquée et sa terre une purification. Je t'ai donné à toi et à ta communauté la glorification, J'ai lié ta mention à la Mienne de telle sorte que personne de ta communauté ne Me mentionne sans te mentionner en même temps. Heureux sois-tu, ô Muhammad, ainsi que ta communauté.
2. We were told by Muhammed bin Ali Majilawayh, may Allah be pleased with him, from his uncle, Muhammed bin Abi’l-Qasim, from Ahmad bin Abi Abdillah, from Abul-Hasan, Ali bin Hussain al-Raqqi, from Abdullah bin Jabala, from Mu’awiya bin Ammar, from al-Hasan bin Abdullah, from his fathers, from his grandfather, al-Hasan bin Ali bin Abi Talib, (a.s.) that he said: Some individuals of the Jews came to the Messenger of Allah, (saww) and their most knowledgeable asked him, and among what he asked him is that he said to him: For what thing were you named Muhammed, Ahmad, Abul-Qasim, Bearer of glad tidings, Warner and a Caller? Then the Prophet (saww) said: 'As for Muhammed, then indeed, I am praised on earth. As for Ahmad, then indeed, I am praised in Heaven. As for Abul-Qasim, then indeed, Allah, Exalted and Glorious is He, will divide the Day of Resurrection into the division of the Fire, and those who disbelieve in me from the first and the last shall be in the Fire, and He will make the division of Paradise, and those who believe in me and acknowledge my Prophethood shall be in Paradise. As for the Caller, then indeed, I call the people to the Religion of my Lord, Exalted and Glorious is He. As for the Warner, then indeed, I warn of the Fire to those who disobey me. As for the Bearer of glad tidings, then indeed, I give glad tidings of Paradise to those who obey me.'"
IsnādMuhammad ibn Ali Majilouyeh a rapporté de son oncle Muhammad ibn Abi al-Qasim, d'Ahmad ibn Abi Abdullah, d'Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn al-Hussein al-Raqqi, d'Abdullah ibn Jabala, de Muawiya ibn Ammar, d'Al-Hassan ibn Abdullah, de ses ancêtres, de son grand-père Hassan ibn Ali ibn Abi Talib (qu'Allah les bénisse), qui a dit :
Un groupe de juifs est venu voir le Messager d'Allah (que la paix et les bénédictions d'Allah soient sur lui) et lui a demandé la signification des noms Muhammad, Ahmad, Abu al-Qasim, Bashir, Nadiir et Da'i. Le Prophète (que la paix et les bénédictions d'Allah soient sur lui) a répondu : "Quant à Muhammad, je suis loué sur terre, quant à Ahmad, je suis loué dans le ciel, quant à Abu al-Qasim, Allah, Le Tout-Puissant, divisera le Jour de la Résurrection en deux groupes, ceux qui m'ont renié, anciens et modernes, seront en Enfer, et ceux qui ont cru en moi et ont confirmé ma prophétie seront au Paradis. Quant au Da'i, je suis celui qui appelle les gens à la religion de mon Seigneur, Le Tout-Puissant. Quant au Nadiir, je mets en garde contre le Feu ceux qui me désobéissent. Quant au Bashir, je donne la bonne nouvelle du Paradis à ceux qui me suivent."
3. We were told by Muhammed bin Ibrahim bin Ishaq al-Talaqani, may Allah be pleased with him, that he said: We were told by Ahmad bin Muhammed bin Yusuf bin Sa’eed al-Kufi, that he said: We were told by Ali bin Hasan bin Ali bin Faddal, from his father, that he said: I asked al-Rida, Abu’l-Hasan, peace be upon him, and so I said to him: Why was the Prophet, Allah’s blessings be upon him and his Family, nicknamed as Abu’l-Qasim? Then he said: Because he had a son called Qasim, and so he was nicknamed due to him. He said: Then I said to him: O son of Allah’s Messenger, do you see me deserving for more? He said: Yes. Have you not known that Allah’s Messenger, Allah’s blessings be upon him and his Family, said: I and Ali are the fathers of this nation? I said: Sure. He said: Have you not known that Allah’s Messenger, Allah’s blessings be upon him and his Family, is a father to all his nation, and that Ali, peace be upon him, is in his position among them? I said: Sure. He said: Have you not known that Ali is the divider between Paradise and the Fire? I said: Sure. He said: Hence, he was called Abu’l-Qasim because he is the father of the divider of Paradise and the Fire. Then I said to him: And what is the meaning of that? Then he said: Indeed, the compassion of the Prophet, Allah’s blessings be upon him and hi Family, upon his nation is as the compassion of fathers upon children, and the best among his nation is Ali bin Abi Talib, peace be upon him. After him, the compassion of Ali, peace be upon him, upon them is like the compassion of him, Allah’s blessings be upon him and his Family, because he is his Bequeathed, Successor and Imam after therein. Then he said: Hence, for that he, Allah’s blessings be upon him and his Family, said: I and Ali are the fathers of this nation. The Prophet, Allah’s blessings be upon him and his Family, climbed the pulpit and said: He who leaves behind a debt or a wastage, it is upon me, and to me (shall one come), and he who leaves behind property, it is for his inheritors. By that, he became of more priority to them than their fathers and mothers, and he became of more priority to them than their own selves, and so was the Commander of the Believers, peace be upon him, after him, it applied to him the same as what applied to Allah’s Messenger, Allah’s blessings be upon him and his Family.
IsnādMuhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn Ishaq at-Talaqani nous a informés, qu'Allah soit satisfait de lui, a dit: Nous a informés Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Yusuf ibn Sa'id al-Kufi, qui a dit: Nous a informés Ali ibn al-Hasan ibn Ali ibn Fudhal de son père, qui a dit: J'ai interrogé ar-Rida, Abu al-Hasan, que la paix soit sur lui, et je lui ai dit: Pourquoi le Prophète, que la prière d'Allah et Son salut soient sur lui et sa famille, t'a-t-il nommé Abu al-Qasim? Il a répondu: Parce qu'il avait un fils appelé "Qasim", alors il m'a nommé ainsi. J'ai alors dit: Ô fils du Messager d'Allah, me considères-tu digne de l'augmentation? Il a répondu: Oui. Ne sais-tu pas que le Messager d'Allah, que la prière d'Allah et Son salut soient sur lui et sa famille, a dit: Moi et Ali sommes les pères de cette communauté? J'ai dit: Si. Ne sais-tu pas que le Messager d'Allah, que la prière d'Allah et Son salut soient sur lui et sa famille, est le père de toute sa communauté et qu'Ali, que la paix soit sur lui, est à leur égard à sa place? J'ai dit: Si. Ne sais-tu pas qu'Ali distribue le Paradis et l'Enfer? J'ai dit: Si. Il a alors été dit: Abu al-Qasim, car il est le père de Qasim du Paradis et de l'Enfer. J'ai demandé: Qu'est-ce que cela signifie? Il a répondu: La compassion du Prophète, que la prière d'Allah et Son salut soient sur lui et sa famille, envers sa communauté est comme la compassion des pères envers leurs enfants, et le plus éminent de sa communauté est Ali ibn Abi Talib, que la paix soit sur lui, et après lui, la compassion d'Ali, que la paix soit sur lui, envers eux est comme sa compassion envers eux, car il est son successeur, son calife et l'imam après lui. C'est pourquoi le Prophète, que la prière d'Allah et Son salut soient sur lui et sa famille, a dit: Moi et Ali sommes les pères de cette communauté. Le Prophète, que la prière d'Allah et Son salut soient sur lui et sa famille, est monté sur la chaire et a dit: Celui qui abandonne sa religion ou sa descendance, c'est à Ali et à moi qu'il revient, et celui qui abandonne un bien, il revient à ses héritiers, donc ils sont plus dignes d'eux que leurs propres pères et mères, et ils sont plus dignes d'eux que eux-mêmes, et de même, le Commandeur des croyants, Ali, que la paix soit sur lui, après lui, cela s'est passé pour lui comme cela s'est passé pour le Messager d'Allah, que la prière d'Allah et Son salut soient sur lui et sa famille.
4. We were told by Ahmad bin Hasan al-Qattan, that he said: We were told by Ahmad bin Yahya bin Zakariya al-Qattan, that he said: We were told by Bikr bin Abdullah bin Habib, that he said: We were told by Tamim bin Buhlul, from his father, from Abu’l-Hasan al-‘Abdi, from Sulayman bin Mahran, from ‘Abaya, from Ibn Abbas, that he said: I asked him about the saying of Allah, Exalted and Glorious is He: «Did He not find you an orphan, and give you refuge?» (93:6) He said: He was only named an orphan because he did not have any equal on the face of earth from the first, neither from the last, to which Allah, Exalted and Glorious is He, said, bestowing favor upon him with His grace: «Did He not find you an orphan, and give you refuge?» (93:6) meaning: Lonely, there is no equal to you, and then He gave the people refuge to towards you and made them know your virtue, until they came to know you. «And He found you astray» (93:7) He is saying: Among your people, you were attributed to aberration, and so He guided them to knowing you. «And He found you poor» (93:8) He is saying: Poor according to your people, as they say: You have no money, and then Allah enriched you with the money of Khadija, and then He increased you from His favor and made your prayer responded to, that even if you were to supplicate that a stone is made by Allah into gold, He would achieve your wish, and He brought to you food as there was no food, and He brought you water as there was no water, and He succored you with Angels as there was no succorer, and He granted you victory over your enemies.
IsnādAhmad ibn al-Hasan al-Qatān nous a informés, il a dit: Ahmad ibn Yahya ibn Zakariya al-Qatān nous a informés, il a dit: Bakr ibn Abdullah ibn Habib nous a informés, il a dit: Tamim ibn Bahlul nous a informé, de son père, d'Abu al-Hasan al-Abdi, de Sulayman ibn Mihran, d'Ubayyah, d'Ibn Abbas, il a dit: Je lui ai demandé au sujet de la parole d'Allah, exalté soit-Il: "Ne t'a-t-Il pas trouvé orphelin et t'a donné un refuge?" Il a dit: Il a été appelé orphelin car il n'avait pas d'égal sur terre parmi les premiers ni parmi les derniers, alors Allah, exalté soit-Il, l'a remercié pour Sa grâce envers lui: "Ne t'a-t-Il pas trouvé orphelin" signifiant seul, sans égal pour toi, "et t'a donné un refuge" vers toi les gens et leur a fait connaître ta grâce jusqu'à ce qu'ils te connaissent, "et t'a trouvé égaré" signifiant attribué par ton peuple à l'égarement, alors Il les a guidés à te connaître, "et t'a trouvé pauvre" signifiant pauvre selon ton peuple qui disait: tu n'as pas de richesse, alors Allah t'a enrichi par la richesse de Khadijah, puis Il t'a augmenté de Sa grâce en faisant de tes invocations exaucées, au point que si tu invoquais sur une pierre pour qu'Allah la transforme en or pour satisfaire ton besoin, Il le ferait, et Il t'apporterait de la nourriture là où il n'y en a pas, et de l'eau là où il n'y en a pas, et Il te secourrait par les anges là où il n'y a pas de secours, te donnant la victoire sur tes ennemis.
5. We were told by Hamza bin Muhammed al-Alawi, may Allah be pleased with him, that he said: We were told by Abu’l-Abbas, Ahmad bin Muhammed al-Kufi, from Ali bin Hasan bin Ali bin Faddal, from his brother, Ahmad, from Muhammed bin Abdullah bin Marwan, from Ibn Abi Umayr, from some of his companions, from Abu Abdillah, peace be upon him, that he said: Indeed, Allah, Exalted and Glorious is He, orphaned his Prophet, Allah’s blessings be upon him and his Family, in order for there to be none upon him to obey.
IsnādNous a informés Hamzah ibn Muhammad al-Alawi - qu'Allah soit satisfait de lui - qui a dit: Nous a informés Abu al-Abbas Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Kufi, de Ali ibn al-Hasan ibn Ali ibn Fudhal, de son frère Ahmad, de Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Marwan, de Ibn Abi Umayr, de certains de ses compagnons, de Abu Abdullah - que la paix soit sur lui - qui a dit:
Certes, Allah, Puissant et Majestueux, a complété Son Prophète - que la prière d'Allah et Son salut soient sur lui et sur sa famille - afin qu'il n'y ait plus d'obéissance à quiconque après lui.
6. My father, may Allah grant him mercy, said: We were told by Sa’d bin Abdullah, from Ahmad bin Muhammed bin Isa, from Abu Abdillah bin Khalid al-Barqi, from Ja’far bin Muhammed al-Sufi, that he said: I asked Abu Ja’far, Muhammed bin Ali al-Rida, peace be upon them, so I said: O son of Allah’s Messenger, why was the Prophet, Allah’s blessings be upon him and his Family, named the Ummi [1]? Then he said: What do the people say? I said: They claim that he was named the Ummi becase he did not write. Then he, peace be upon him, said: They have lied, upon them is the curse of Allah, how could that be? When Allah, Exalted and Glorious is He, says in the clear text of His Book: «It is He who sent among the Ummis a Messenger from themselves, reciting for them His signs, purifying them and teaching them the Book and the Wisdom.» (62:2) How could he have taught them what he does not know? By Allah, verily, the Messenger of Allah, Allah’s blessings be upon him and his Family, used to read and write in seventy two – or he said, seventy three – tongues, and he was only named the Ummi because he was from the people of Mecca, and Mecca is the Mother of Towns. That is the saying of Allah, Exalted and Glorious is He: «That you may warn the Mother of Towns and those surrounding it.» (6:92)
IsnādMon père - qu'Allah lui fasse miséricorde - a dit: Saad ibn Abdallah nous a informés, de la part d'Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Isa, de la part d'Abu Abdullah ibn Khalid al-Barqi, de la part de Ja'far ibn Muhammad al-Sufi, qui a dit: J'ai interrogé Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Ali al-Rida, que la paix soit sur eux, et j'ai dit: Ô fils du Messager d'Allah, pourquoi le Prophète, que la paix et les bénédictions d'Allah soient sur lui et sa famille, a-t-il été appelé "al-Ummi" (l'Illettré) ?
Il a répondu: Ce que les gens disent est: "Il a été appelé al-Ummi parce qu'il ne savait pas écrire." J'ai dit: Ils mentent, qu'Allah les maudisse. Par Allah, le Tout-Puissant a dit dans Son Livre explicite: "C'est Lui qui a envoyé parmi les illettrés un Messager issu d'eux-mêmes, qui leur récite Ses versets, les purifie et leur enseigne le Livre et la Sagesse." Comment aurait-il pu leur enseigner ce qu'il ne savait pas ? Par Allah, certes, le Messager d'Allah, que la paix et les bénédictions d'Allah soient sur lui et sa famille, savait lire et écrire dans soixante-dix-deux - ou il a dit: soixante-treize - langues. Il a été appelé al-Ummi simplement parce qu'il était originaire de La Mecque, et La Mecque est parmi les mères des cités, comme Allah le Tout-Puissant l'a dit: "Pour avertir la Mère des cités et ceux qui l'entourent."