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1. [1/221] al-Faqih: Via his chain to Muhammad b. Qays from Abi Ja’far عليه السلام that: Ali عليه السلام was in the Masjid of Kufa when Abdallah b. Kufl al-Taymi passed by with an armour belonging to Talha. Ali عليه السلام said: this is the armour of Talha which was taken by treachery in the battle of Basra [Jamal]. Ibn Kufl said: O Commander of the Faithful – place between us your judge whom you have chosen over the Muslims [to decide the case], so he [Ali] appointed Shurayh to adjudicate between them. Ali عليه السلام said: this is the armour of Talha which was taken by treachery in the battle of Basra. Shurayh said: O Commander of the Faithful – produce evidence for what you say. He [Ali] brought al-Hasan b. Ali عليه السلام who testified that the armour belonged to Talha and was taken treacherously in the battle of Basra. Shurayh said: this is one witness, and I do not rule based on a sole witness unless there is another one with him [to corroborate]. Then he [Ali] brought Qanbar and he too testified that it was the armour of Talha taken treacherously in the battle of Basra. He [Shurayh] said: this one is a slave, and I do not rule based on the testimony of a slave. Thereupon Ali became angry and said: take away the armour [from Abdallah b. Kufl] for this one [Shurayh] has transgressed in his ruling three times! Shurayh abandoned his judgment seat and said: I will not judge between two – ever – unless you inform me how I have transgressed thrice in my rulings? Ali said to him: when I said: ‘this is the armour of Talha which was taken by treachery in the battle of Basra’ you said: ‘produce evidence for what you say’ while the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه واله had said: “wherever a usurped booty is found it is taken without any evidence [required]”, I [Ali] said [to myself]: the man has not heard the Hadith [is unaware of it]. Then I brought al-Hasan who testified so you said: ‘this is one witness, and I do not rule based on a sole witness unless there is another one with him [to corroborate]’ while the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه واله used to give judgment based on [the evidence of] a single witness and an oath [if the witness backs up what he says by swearing an oath]. Finally, I brought Qanbar who testified so you said: ‘this one is a slave’ but there is no problem with the testimony of a slave if he is Adil [possessing moral probity]. This then was the third [transgression you made]. Then he عليه السلام said: O Shurayh the Imam of the Muslims is entrusted to oversee their affairs in regards things which are much greater than this! Abu Ja’far عليه السلام said: The first to reject the testimony of slaves was RUMA.
IsnādAl-Fuqih a rapporté avec sa chaîne de transmission, de Muhammad ibn Qays, de Abi Ja'far (paix soit sur lui), que Ali (paix soit sur lui) était à la mosquée de Koufa quand Abdullah ibn Qafl al-Taymi passa avec le bouclier de Talha. Ali (paix soit sur lui) dit : "Ce bouclier appartenait à Talha et je l'ai pris comme butin le jour de Bassora." Ibn Qafl dit : "Ô Commandeur des croyants, nomme comme juge entre toi et moi celui que tu as choisi pour les musulmans." Ali (paix soit sur lui) nomma Shurayh comme juge entre eux. Ali (paix soit sur lui) répéta que le bouclier appartenait à Talha et qu'il l'avait pris comme butin le jour de Bassora. Shurayh demanda une preuve, et on lui amena Al-Hasan ibn Ali (paix soit sur lui) qui témoigna que c'était bien le bouclier de Talha pris comme butin le jour de Bassora. Shurayh dit : "Je ne prononcerai pas de jugement sur la base d'un seul témoin, il en faut au moins deux." On amena alors Qanbar qui confirma que c'était le bouclier de Talha pris comme butin le jour de Bassora. Shurayh refusa de juger et demanda à Ali (paix soit sur lui) de lui dire comment il avait déjà jugé trois fois de manière injuste. Ali (paix soit sur lui) lui expliqua en citant le hadith du Prophète (que la paix et les bénédictions de Dieu soient sur lui et sa famille) : "Partout où il y a un butin pris sans preuve, il est considéré comme un vol." Shurayh reconnut son erreur et accepta les témoignages. Ali (paix soit sur lui) dit alors à Shurayh : "L'Imam des musulmans est digne de confiance pour leurs affaires bien plus importantes que celle-ci." Puis Abou Ja'far (paix soit sur lui) ajouta : "Le premier à rejeter le témoignage du serviteur est Ram'a."
Ce hadith met en lumière l'importance de la justice et de l'équité dans les jugements, même lorsqu'il s'agit de biens matériels. Il souligne également le rôle crucial de l'Imam dans la préservation de la confiance et de la justice au sein de la communauté musulmane.