La Chasse dans al-Haram (la zone sacrée) et l'Expiation pour le Même

3. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Nasr from Muthanna’ ibn ‘Abd al-Salam from Muhammad ibn abu al-Hakam who has said the following: “I once told my slave to prepare lunch. He took a bird in al-Haram (the sacred area), slaughtered and cooked it. I informed abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about it and he (the Imam) said, ‘Bury it and pay ransom for every bird.”

Un certain nombre de nos compagnons ont rapporté qu'un jeune serviteur a préparé un repas pour le lendemain en prenant des oiseaux du Haram, les égorgeant, les cuisinant. Lorsque j'en ai informé Abu Abdullah (sur lui la paix), il a dit: Enterre-les et donne à manger à chaque oiseau parmi eux.

4. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from and Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad all from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Hammad from al-Halabiy who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a prey which is hunted in non-al-Haram (the sacred area) and is brought in al-Haram (the sacred area) when it is still alive. He (the Imam) said, ‘Since he has brought to al-Haram (the sacred area), it is prohibited for him to use it for food or to keep it. Nothing in al-Haram (the sacred area) can be purchased if it is not slaughtered in non-al- Haram (the sacred area) and then is brought in al-Haram (the sacred area) already slaughtered, in which case it is not harmful.’”

Il a été interrogé sur la chasse qui est capturée dans le sanctuaire, puis amenée vivante au Haram. Il a dit : "Lorsqu'elle est introduite dans le Haram, il est interdit de la manger ou de la retenir. Ne vendez rien dans le Haram sauf un animal sacrifié licitement. Puis, s'il est amené au Haram en étant sacrifié, il n'y a aucun mal pour ce qui est licite."

5. Ali has narrated from his father from Hammad ibn ‘Isa form Hariz from Zurarah who has said the following: “Al-Hakam once asked abu Ja’far ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a man who receives a pigeon as a gift in al- Haram (the sacred area) with its wings shortened. He (the Imam) said, ‘He takes it, looks after it and feeds it until its wings grow, then sets it free.’”

Coupe-lui les ailes, sois bienveillant envers elle, nourris-la, jusqu'à ce que ses plumes repoussent, puis libère-la.

6. Abu Ali al-Ash’ariy has narrated from Muhammad ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Safwan ibn Yahya from Mansur ibn Hazim from Muthanna’ ibn ‘Abd al-Salam from Karib al-Sayrafiy who has said the following: “We were a group and bought a bird, cut its wings short and brought it in Makkah. People criticized us for this and Karib sent someone to abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, to ask him (the Imam) about it. He (the Imam) said, ‘Leave it in the trust of a Muslim man or woman of Makkah, who will release it when it will become normal .’”

Nous étions un groupe et nous avons acheté un oiseau que nous avons plumé. Nous sommes entrés avec lui à La Mecque, ce qui a déplu aux habitants de La Mecque. Karib a été envoyé à Abu Abdullah (sur lui la paix) et l'a interrogé. Il a répondu : "Confiez-le à un homme ou une femme musulmane de La Mecque, et lorsqu'il sera prêt, laissez-le partir librement."

7. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Safwan ibn Yahya who has said the following: “Abu al-Hassan al-Rida’, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘If one hurts a bird in al-Haram (the sacred area) when one is not in the state of ’Ihram, he owes its price. This price is one dirham with which he buys feed for the pigeons of al-Haram (the sacred area).”’

Celui qui attrape un oiseau dans l'enceinte sacrée alors qu'il est licite, il doit payer une compensation, et la compensation est un dirham avec lequel il achète de la nourriture pour les pigeons de l'enceinte sacrée.

8. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Khallad who has said the following: “About a man who has slaughtered a pigeon of the pigeons of al-Haram (the sacred area) abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘He owes a ransom.’ I then asked, ‘Can he use it for food?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘No, he cannot do so.’ I then asked, ‘Can he throw it away?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘If he did so he will owe another ransom.’ I then asked, ’What then he must do?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘He is required to bury it.’”

...qui a dit : "Concernant un homme qui sacrifie une colombe du sanctuaire, il doit offrir en compensation. J'ai demandé : 'Peut-il la manger ?' Il a répondu : 'Non.' J'ai demandé : 'Peut-il la jeter ?' Il a dit : 'Alors, il doit offrir une autre compensation.' J'ai demandé : 'Que doit-il en faire alors ?' Il a dit : 'Il doit l'enterrer.'"

9. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Hassan ibn Ali from Muthanna’ al-Hannat from Zurarah who has said the following: “I once asked abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a man who leaves Makkah with a bird for al-Kufah. He (the Imam) said, ‘He must return it to Makkah.’”

Il devrait le ramener à La Mecque.

10. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from and Muhammad ibn ‘Isma‘il has narrated from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan from all from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Hafs ibn al-Bakhtariy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘The ransom for a pigeon is one dirham, for a pigeon chick half of a dirham and for an egg it is one-forth of a dirham.’”

Il a dit : "Dans le pigeon, il y a un dirham, dans le poulet, il y a la moitié d'un dirham, et dans l'œuf, il y a un quart de dirham."

11. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from ibn Mahbub, from ibn Ri’ab from ibn Bukayr who has said the following: “I once asked one of the two Imam, (abu Ja’far or abu ‘Abd Allah), ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a man who finds a bird in non-al-Haram (the sacred area) and buys it, then enters al-Haram (the sacred area), with it and it dies. He (the Imam) said, ‘Were he to release it in al-Haram (the sacred area), then it died he did not owe anything. If he holds it until it dies with him in al-Haram (the sacred area) he is required to pay ransom.’”

[Traduction du contenu principal du hadith]

12. Abu Ali al-Ash’ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Safwan ibn Yahya from ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Hajjaj who has said the following: “I once asked abu al-Hassan, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a man who shoots a prey in non-al-Haram (the sacred area) and it then moves into al-Haram (the sacred area) and dies there: if he is required to pay ransom. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, he does not owe ransom because he shoots it as he does and it is lawful for him. The example of this is like the one who sets up a trap in an area next to al-Haram (the sacred area). The prey trapped in it moves until it enters al-Haram (the sacred area). He does not owe anything for it; it happened afterwards.’ I then said, ‘This is analogy in the views of people.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘One thing is confused with another thing to you.’”

Il n'y a pas de châtiment pour celui qui chasse un gibier licite dans le sanctuaire et le poursuit jusqu'à ce qu'il meure, car il a agi où c'était permis. Cela est également valable pour celui qui capture un gibier à l'extérieur du sanctuaire et le poursuit jusqu'à ce qu'il entre dans le sanctuaire.

13. From Safwan ibn Yahya has narrated from Ziyad abu al-Hassan al-Wasitiy who has said the following: “I once asked abu Ibrahim, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a people who lock a door on pigeons of al-Haram (the sacred area) and they die. He (the Imam) said, ‘They are required to pay the price of every bird which is one [half] dirham with which pigeons of al-Haram (the sacred area) are fed.’”

J'ai demandé à Abu Ibrahim (sur lui le salut) au sujet d'un groupe qui a capturé un oiseau du pigeonnier sacré et l'a tué. Il a dit : "Ils doivent payer la valeur de chaque oiseau [un demi] dirham, qui sera utilisé pour nourrir les pigeons du pigeonnier sacré."

14. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad am Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father all from ibn Mahbub from ibn Ri’ab from Misma’ ibn ‘ Abd al-Malik who has said the following: “About a man who, is not in the state of Ihram, shoots from inside of al-Haram (the sacred area) a prey outside of al-Haram (the sacred area) and kills it, abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘There is ransom on him because calamity came upon the bird from al-Haram (the sacred area). 5 I asked him (the Imam), about a man who shoots a prey outside al-Haram (the sacred area) in non-al- Haram (the sacred area) and it moves until it enters al-Haram (the sacred area). He (the Imam) said, ‘Its meat is prohibited for him like a dead animal’s.

Un homme entra dans l'enceinte sacrée et lança une flèche qui atteigna une proie en dehors de l'enceinte sacrée, puis la tua. Il (l'Imam) dit: "Il doit être compensé, car le préjudice est venu de la direction de l'enceinte sacrée." J'ai demandé à propos d'un homme qui lance une flèche sur une proie en dehors de l'enceinte sacrée, mais qui la poursuit jusqu'à ce qu'elle entre dans l'enceinte sacrée, il a dit: "Sa viande est interdite, comme celle de l'animal mort."

15. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Hassan ibn Ali from ‘Abd Allah ibn Sinan who has said the following: “I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, say, ‘Of the pigeon of Makkah the domesticated are different from pigeon of al-Haram (the sacred area). If one slaughters one of them and he is not in the state of Ihram his paying charity is better than its price. If he is in the state of Ihram then there is one sheep for every bird.’”

J'ai entendu dire Abu Abdullah (que la paix soit sur lui) : "Dans les bains de Makka, les oiseaux appartenant aux Ahli sont différents de ceux du Haram. Celui qui sacrifie un oiseau des premiers sans qu'il soit interdit, doit faire une aumône meilleure que son prix. Mais s'il est interdit, alors une brebis pour chaque oiseau."

16. Ahmad ibn Muhammad from has narrated from ibn Faddal from Yunus ibn Ya’qub who has said the following: “I once sent a message to abu al-Hassan, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, that my brother had purchased pigeons from al-Madinah and we went to Makkah for ‘Umrah. We stayed for Hajj, then we took the pigeon with us from Makkah to al-Kufah; if we owe anything. He (the Imam) said to the messenger, ‘I think they were beautiful.’ He (the Imam) said to him, ‘For every one of them one sheep must be slaughtered.’”

J'ai envoyé un message à Abi al-Hasan (sur lui la paix) disant : "Mon frère a acheté des pigeons à Médine et nous les avons emmenés à La Mecque pour accomplir le pèlerinage. Ensuite, nous avons emmené les pigeons avec nous de La Mecque à Koufa. Nous avons dû faire quelque chose à ce sujet." Il (le Prophète) lui dit : "Il doit sacrifier à la place de chaque oiseau un mouton."

17. Abu Ali al-Ash’ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Safwan from ibn Muskan from Ibrahim ibn Maymun who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a man who pulled out the feathers of a pigeon of the pigeon of al-Haram (the sacred area). He (the Imam) said, ‘He is required to pay charity to a destitute with the hand with which he pulled out the feathers because it caused pain.’”

Il doit faire l'aumône envers un pauvre et donner avec la main avec laquelle il l'a arrachée, car il lui a causé de la douleur.

18. Muhammad ibn ‘Isma‘il has narrated from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan from Safwan ibn Yahya from Mansur ibn Flazim who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a slaughtered bird given to us as gift in Makkah, if I can use it for food with my family. He (the Imam) said, ‘People of Makkah do not think it is harmful.’ I then asked, ‘What do you say about it?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘They owe its prices.’”

J'ai dit à Abu Abdullah (sur lui le salut) : On nous a offert un oiseau égorgé à La Mecque que notre famille a mangé. Il a dit : Les habitants de La Mecque ne voient aucun inconvénient à cela. J'ai dit : Que dites-vous, alors ? Il a répondu : Ils doivent en payer le prix.

19. Certain persons of our people have narrated from abu Jarir al-Qummiy who has said the following: “I once asked abu al-Hassan, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of our buying hawks and taking them to al-Haram (the sacred area), if we owe anything. He (the Imam) said, ‘If one takes any of the birds that when flying, flap their wing, he has taken them to their sanctuary, and should leave them there.’”

Tout oiseau dont les ailes ont été coupées qui entre dans le sanctuaire est en sécurité, laissez-le donc suivre son chemin.

20. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from Muhammad ibn Sinan from ibn Muskan from Yazid ibn Khalifah who has said the following: “In one side of my house there were two eggs of pigeon of al-Haram (the sacred area). The boy went to move the cluster not knowing that the eggs were there and he broke them. I went out and met ‘Abd Allah ibn al-Hassan and mentioned it to him. He said, ‘You must give charity of two handful of flour.’ I then met abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, and informed him (the Imam) about it. He (the Imam) said, ‘Pay the price of two birds as feed for the pigeon of al-Haram (the sacred area).’ I then met ‘Abd Allah ibn al-Hassan and informed him about it and he said, ‘He (the Imam) has told you the truth. You can narrate it because he (the Imam) has taken it from his ancestors.’”

Il y avait un panier dans un coin de ma maison contenant deux œufs provenant des pigeons du sanctuaire. Le garçon prit le panier pour le vider sans savoir qu'il contenait deux œufs, et les cassa. Je sortis et rencontrai Abdullah ibn al-Hasan à qui je racontai l'incident. Il me dit : "Fais l'aumône de deux poignées de farine." Ensuite, je rencontrai Abu Abdillah (que la paix soit sur lui) et je lui rapportai l'histoire. Il dit : "Achète le prix de deux oiseaux pour nourrir les pigeons du sanctuaire." Je revis Abdullah ibn al-Hasan et lui racontai ce que Abu Abdillah m'avait dit. Il me dit : "Il t'a dit la vérité, agis en conséquence, car il l'a appris de ses pères."

21. Muhammad ibn ‘Isma’il has narrated from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan from and Abu Ali al-Ash’ariy from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Safwan from ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Hajjaj who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of my slaughtering two fledgling birds in Makkah. He (the Imam) said, ‘Did you slaughter them?’ I replied, ‘Yes, because a slave-girl of the people of Makkah brought them to me and asked me to slaughter them and I thought I was in al-Kufah and did not remember al-Haram (the sacred area). He (the Imam) said, ‘You must pay their price.’ I asked, ‘How much is it?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is one dirham and it is better than them.’”

J'ai demandé à Abu Abdullah (sur lui soit la paix) au sujet de deux jeunes chameaux que j'ai sacrifiés alors que j'étais à La Mecque. Il m'a demandé pourquoi je les avais sacrifiés, et j'ai répondu qu'une fille de La Mecque me les avait apportés en me demandant de les sacrifier. Je pensais être à Koufa et j'avais oublié que j'étais dans le Haram. Il m'a dit de payer leur valeur. J'ai demandé quelle était leur valeur, il a répondu un dirham, qui est meilleur que les deux chameaux.

22. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id from Fadalah from Dawud ibn Farqad who has said the following: “Once we were in the presence of abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, in Makkah and Dawud ibn Ali also was in it. Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, said to me, ‘Dawud ibn Ali asked me, “What do you say, O abu ‘Abd Allah, about the turtledove we caught and shortened their feathers?”’ I replied, ‘Because of your pulling out its feathers, you must feed them until their feathers grow as normal; then set them free.’”

Ce hadith met en lumière la question de la réparation d'un objet cassé, indiquant qu'une fois réparé correctement, il peut retrouver sa fonctionnalité et sa valeur.

23. Ahmad ibn al-Hassan has narrated from Ali ibn al-Nu’man from Sa‘d ibn ‘Abd Allah who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of my eating ostrich eggs in al-Haram (the sacred area). He (the Imam) said, ‘You must give its price in charity.’”

J'ai demandé à Abou Abdillah (paix soit sur lui) au sujet d'un œuf d'autruche que j'avais mangé dans l'enceinte sacrée. Il a dit: Fais-en aumône de sa valeur.

24. Al-Husayn ibn Muhammad has narrated from Mu‘alla’ ibn Muhammad from al-Washsha’ from Muthanna’ who has said the following: “Once we went to Makkah and women caught a turtledove of Amlaj (a place between al-Madinah and Makkah) turtledoves. The women pulled out the feathers of its wing, then took it to Makkah. Abu Basir went to visit abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, and informed him (the Imam) about it. He (the Imam) said, ‘Look for a trustworthy woman and give it to her to feed and keep it until its wings grow to normal, then set it free.’”

Nous sommes partis pour La Mecque et les femmes ont attrapé un oiseau de proie appartenant à l'un des joueurs de flûte, à l'endroit où nous avons atteint le relais. Les femmes ont arraché ses ailes, puis elles l'ont emmené à La Mecque. Abu Basir est entré chez Abu 'Abdullah (sur lui la paix) et l'a informé. Il a dit : "Vous regardez une femme sans défense, vous lui donnez l'oiseau, elle l'élève et le garde jusqu'à ce que ses ailes soient complètement développées, puis elle le libère."

25. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Hammad ibn ‘Isa from ‘Imran al-Halabiy who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about what of the birds are undesirable. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is whatever when flying over your head does not flap its wings.’”

J'ai demandé à Abu 'Abdillah (sur lui la paix) ce qui est détestable parmi les oiseaux, il a répondu : "Ce qui défèque sur ta tête."

26. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Barqiy from Dawud ibn abu Yazid al-‘Attar from abu Sa‘id al-Mukariy who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a man who kills a lion in al-Haram (the sacred area). He (the Imam) said, ’He owes one ram.’”

Un homme a tué un lion dans le Haram, il doit sacrifier un mouton.

27. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Mahbub from ibn Ri’ab from Bukayr ibn ‘A’yan who has said the following: “I once asked one of the two Imam, (abu Ja’far or abu ’Abd Allah), ‘Alayhim al-Salam, about a man who finds a deer in non-al-Haram (the sacred area), then buys it and takes it to al-Haram (the sacred area) and it dies in al-Haram (the sacred area). He (the Imam) said, ‘If he releases it after entering al- Haram (the sacred area) then it dies, he does not owe anything; but if he keeps it after entering al- Haram (the sacred area) and then it dies in al-Haram (the sacred area) with him, he owes the ransom.’”

Un homme a touché un gibier dans le sanctuaire, l'a acheté, l'a introduit dans le Haram, et le gibier est mort dans le Haram. Il a dit : "S'il l'avait laissé partir lorsqu'il l'a introduit dans le Haram, et qu'il soit mort, il n'aurait rien à payer. Mais s'il l'a retenu jusqu'à ce qu'il meure près de lui dans le Haram, alors il doit payer le prix de compensation."

28. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad and Ahmad ibn Muhammad all from ibn abu Nasr who has said the following: “Hamzah ibn al-Yasa’ said to me that I once asked abu ’Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the tiger that is purchased in Mina and then is taken out of al-Haram (the sacred area). He (the Imam) said, ’Everything of beasts that are brought in al-Haram (the sacred area) in captivity you must take out of al-Haram (the sacred area).”’

Tout ce qui entre dans le sanctuaire parmi les animaux sauvages doit en être extrait.

29. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from al-Nawfaliy from al-Sakuniy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has narrated that his father, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, was asked about the tree with its roots in al-Haram (the sacred area) and its branches in non-al-Haram (the sacred area) with a bird on it that was shot by a man that made it to fall down. He (the Imam) said, ‘He is required to pay the penalty if its root is in al-Haram (the sacred area).”’

...qu'il fut interrogé au sujet d'un arbre dont les racines se trouvent dans le sanctuaire et les branches en dehors, sur l'une des branches duquel un homme lança un oiseau et le tua. Il dit : "Sa rétribution est que si ses racines sont dans le sanctuaire..."

30. Ali has narrated from his father from ibn Mahbub from Malik ibn ‘ Atiyyah from ‘Abd al-‘A‘la’ ibn ‘A‘yan who has said the following: I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a man who finds a prey in non-al-Haram (the sacred area) and ties it down next to al-Haram (the sacred area); but it walks and enters al-Haram (the sacred area) with the rope around its neck. The man pulls the rope and takes it out of al-Haram (the sacred area) and he is in non-al-Haram (the sacred area). He (the Imam) said, ‘Its price and meat is prohibited like the dead animal’s.’”

Son prix et sa viande sont interdits comme la viande d'une bête morte.