Les types de al-Hajj

2. Abu Afi ai-Ash’ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd af-Jabbar from Safwan from Ishaq ibn ‘Ammar from Mansur af-Sayqaf who has said the following: “Abu `Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, £ al-Hajj with us is of three kinds: al-Hajj of al-Tamattu £ , al-Hajj al-Mufrid in which one drives the offering animal, and al-Mufrid al-Hajj (performing just al- Hajj without al-‘Umrah).’’’ (Hadith 2 is best explained in the form of fatwa.)

Le pèlerinage selon nous comporte trois aspects: un pèlerin en état de jouissance, un pèlerin seul conduisant le sacrifice pour Allah, et un pèlerin seul pour le pèlerinage.

3. Afi ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from abu Ayyub al-Khazzaz who has said the following: “I once asked Abu `Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, ’Which kind of al-Hajj is more virtuous?’ He (the Imam) replied, ‘It is al-Tamattu £ . How can there be anything more virtuous and the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, “In future I certainly will not go back. I will do what people are doing.” (People did al-Tamattu £ and the Messenger of Allah performed Tfrad (Individual Hajj ).’” (see Chapter 27 h4 above)

Le pèlerinage de la jouissance est la meilleure forme de pèlerinage, car le Prophète Muhammad (que la paix et les bénédictions d'Allah soient sur lui et sa famille) a enseigné que s'il devait agir différemment des autres, il aurait suivi leur exemple.

4. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Yunus ibn ‘Abd al-Rahman from Mu‘awiyah ibn ‘Ammar who has said the following: “Abu `Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, £ We do not know of any other forms of al-Hajj for the sake of Allah except al-Mut £ ah. Before Allah we will say, £ Our Lord, we followed your book and the Sunnah of Your Holy prophet, and the people will say, “We acted according to our opinions,” then Allah will place us and them as He wills.’”

Nous ne connaissons pas de pèlerinage pour Allah autre que la 'Umra. Lorsque nous rencontrerons notre Seigneur, nous dirons : "Seigneur, nous avons agi selon Ton Livre et la tradition de Ton Prophète", tandis que les gens diront : "Nous avons agi selon notre propre opinion", alors Allah nous séparera de ces gens où Il le souhaite.

5. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Nasr who has said the following: “Abu Ja‘far, al-Thaniy, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, would say, “Those who come out of the state of Ihram after al- £ Umrah until commencing acts of al-Hajj are better than those performing al-Hajj alone driving the offering animal with them.” He (the Imam) would say, ‘There is not anything better in acts of al-Hajj than al-Mut £ ah (coming out of the state of Ihram after al- £ Umrah until the commencement of the acts of al-Hajj).”’

Abu Ja'far al-Thani (que la paix soit sur lui) a dit: Abu Ja'far (que la paix soit sur lui) a dit: "Celui qui combine la 'Umra avec le Hajj est meilleur que celui qui effectue le Hajj seul avec un animal à sacrifier, et il disait: "Rien n'est meilleur pour le pèlerin que le plaisir."

6. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ‘Isma‘il ibn Marrar from Yunus from Mu‘awiyah who has said the following: “Abu `Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘One who performs al-Hajj should take advantage (al- Mut‘ah); we do not compromise with the book of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, and the Sunnah of His Holy prophet, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause.”’

a dit : "Celui qui fait le pèlerinage, qu'il profite de son séjour, car nous ne jugeons pas selon le Livre d'Allah le Très Haut et la Sunna de Son Prophète (que la prière d'Allah et Son salut soient sur lui et sur sa famille)."

7. Certain persons of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn al-Hakam from ibn abu Najran from Safwan al-Jammal who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of certain people who say that one must perform al-Hajj alone, others say to make it Qiran and drive the offering animal, and still others say to take advantage between al-‘Umrah and al-Hajj. He (the Imam), ‘Alayhi al-Salam, said, ‘If I will perform al-Hajj for a thousand years I will not make it Qiran. I will only perform advantageous al- Hajj (al-Hajj al-Tamattu‘ ).’”

Même si je faisais le Hajj pendant mille ans, je ne le ferais pas sans profiter de la Omra.

8. Ahmad ibn Muhammad from has narrated from Ali ibn Hadid who has said the following: “Once Ali ibn Muyassir wrote to him (the Imam) asking about a man who performed al-‘Umrah in the month of Ramadan, then it was al-Hajj season; if he could perform al-Hajj as al-Mufrid al-Hajj or al- Hajj al-Tamattu‘ (advantageous), and which one was better. He (the Imam) wrote in answer, ‘Al-Hajj al-Tamattu‘ is better.’”

Profiter (de la 'Umrah) était préférable.

9. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘ Umayr from Hammad from al-Halabiy who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about al-Hajj. He (the Imam) said, ‘Make it al-Hajj al-Tamattu‘ (advantageous).’ He (the Imam) then said, ‘When we will stand before Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, we will say, “O our Lord, we followed Your book and the Sunnah of Your Holy prophet, but people will say, ‘We looked into our minds (opinions) and we followed them.”””

"Profitez-en. Quand nous nous tiendrons devant Allah, nous dirons: 'Seigneur, nous nous sommes conformés à Ton Livre, à la Sunna de Ton Prophète', et les gens diront: 'Nous avons vu de nos propres yeux'."

10. Muhammad ibn ‘Isma‘il has narrated from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Hafs ibn al-Bakhtariy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘Al-Hajj al-Tamattu‘ (advantageous) by Allah is better. Quran had come down about it and the Sunnah has run in this way.’”

Le mariage de jouissance est certes le meilleur, par Allah, et c'est par lui que le Coran a été révélé et que la Sunna a été établie.

11. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Nasr who has said the following: “I once asked abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, in the year in which he performed al-Hajj which was the year two hundred and twelve and I said, ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, in which manner of al-Hajj have you entered Makkah, is it Mufrid or al-Hajj al-Tamattu‘ (advantageous)?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is al-Hajj al-Tamattu‘.’ I then asked, ‘Which one of the kinds of al-Hajj is better? Is it al-Hajj al-Tamattu‘ (advantageous) or Mufrid driving the offering animal along with one’s self? He (the Imam) said, ‘Abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, would say, “A-Hajj al-Tamattu‘ (advantageous) is better than Mufrid with driving the offering animal.” He (the Imam) would say, “One performing al-Hajj cannot enter Makkah with anything better than al-Hajj al- Tamattu‘ (advantageous).””’

Le contenu principal du hadith met en avant l'excellence de celui qui combine la 'umra avec le hajj par rapport à celui qui fait le hajj seul et offre un sacrifice. De plus, il souligne que le pèlerin n'entre dans rien de mieux que le fait de se délecter.

12. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Muhammad ibn Sinan from ibn Muskan from ‘Abd al-Malik ibn ‘Amr who has said the following: “He once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about al-Hajj al-Tamattu‘ (advantageous). He (the Imam) said, ‘Perform al-Hajj al-Tamattu‘ (advantageous).’ It happened that he (the Imam) that year or next year performed Mufrid kind of al-Hajj and I asked him saying , ‘I pray to Allah to keep you well, I asked you about al-Hajj and you instructed me to perform al-Hajj al-Tamattu‘ (advantageous); and I see you perform Mufrid kind of al-Hajj.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘By Allah, goodness is in the kind of al-Hajj I told you to perform. I however, have become weak and performing Tawaf twice between al-Safa’ and al-Marwah, thus, I made it Mufrid kind of al-Hajj.’”

13. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id from al-Nadr ibn Suwayd from Yahya al-Halabiy from his uncle ‘ Ubayd Allah who has said the following: “Once, a man said to abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, when I was present, saying, ‘I performed al-‘Umrah in al-Haram months (the Sacred months). Now I have come to perform al-Hajj al-Tamattu‘ (advantageous).’ I heard abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, say, ‘What you have done is very good. We do not compromise with the book of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, and the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to your cause. When our Lord will resurrect us and we will be brought before Him we will say, O our Lord we followed Your book and the Sunnah of Your Holy prophet. People will say, O Lord, we looked into our opinions and followed them, then Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, will do with us and with them as He wills.’””

Un homme interrogea Aba 'Abd Allah (sur lui soit la paix) en ma présence, et il dit: "J'ai effectué la 'umra dans le Haram et je suis maintenant venu pour me divertir." J'ai entendu Aba 'Abd Allah (sur lui soit la paix) dire: "Tu as bien agi. Nous ne transgressons pas le Livre d'Allah le Très Haut et la Sunna du Messager d'Allah (que la prière d'Allah et Son salut soient sur lui). Lorsque notre Seigneur nous ressuscitera ou nous ramènera à notre Seigneur, nous dirons: 'Ô notre Seigneur, nous avons suivi Ton Livre et la Sunna de Ton Prophète (que la prière d'Allah et Son salut soient sur lui).' Et les gens diront: 'Nous avons vu, nous avons vu.' Alors Allah le Très Haut agira envers nous et envers eux comme Il le souhaite."

14. Ahmad ibn Muhammad from has narrated from al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id from al-Nadr ibn Suwayd from Durust from Muhammad ibn al- Fadl al-Hashimiy who has said the following: “Once my brothers and I went to see abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, and we wanted to perform al- Hajj. Certain ones among us were for their first al-Hajj. He (the Imam) said, ‘You must perform al- Hajj al-Tamattu‘ (advantageous); I because of taqiyyah, fear from Sultan; do not give up al-Hajj al- Tamattu‘ (advantageous), do not ignore staying away from intoxicating liquor and do not wipe over the shoes.’”

Je suis entré avec mes frères chez Abi 'Abdillah (que la paix soit sur lui) et nous lui avons dit : "Nous voulons accomplir le pèlerinage et certains d'entre nous sont en état d'ihram." Il nous a dit : "Pratiquez le tamattu' (accomplir d'abord la 'umra puis le hajj), car nous ne voyons pas de mal à pratiquer le tamattu' de la 'umra au hajj avec une autorisation, en évitant l'ivresse et en essuyant sur les chaussettes."

15. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘ Umayr from Mu‘awiyah ibn ‘Ammar who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about my performing al-‘Umrah in the month of Rajab and that I wanted to perform al-Hajj, if driving the offering animal and Mufrid al-Hajj was better or al-Hajj al-Tamattu‘ (advantageous). He (the Imam) said, ‘In each one there is goodness and beauty.’ I then asked, ‘Which one is more virtuous?’ He (the Imam) said that ‘Al-Hajj al-Tamattu‘ (advantageous) by Allah is more virtuous.’ He (the Imam) then said, ‘People of Makkah say that his al-‘Umrah is Iraqiy and his al-Hajj is Makkiy. They by Allah speak a lie. Is not al-‘Umrah related to his al-Hajj from which he cannot come out unless he completes them all?’ He (the Imam) then said, ‘I used to go for al-‘Umrah one or two nights before the end of the month of Rajab and ‘Umm Farwah would say, “O father, our al-‘Umrah is in the month of al-Sha‘ban.” I would say, “My daughter it will be of the time when I commence not of the time when I will come out of the state of Ihram.’””

Dans chaque situation, il y a une faveur et tout est bon. Jouir de la 'umra est la meilleure option. Les affirmations des habitants de La Mecque selon lesquelles sa 'umra est iraqiya et son hajj est makiya sont fausses. Il n'est pas lié à son hajj tant qu'il ne l'a pas accompli. Il est rapporté que l'Imam sortait la nuit ou les deux nuits restantes de rajab et sa mère lui disait que leur 'umra était sha'baniya, mais il lui répondait que c'était selon ce qu'il avait observé, et non selon ce qu'il avait déterminé.

16. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Nasr from Safwan al-Jammal who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘One who does not have the offering animal with him and he performs Mufrid al-Hajj to keep away from al-Hajj al-Tamattu‘ (advantageous), he has kept away from the religion of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious.’”

Celui qui n'a pas de sacrifice avec lui et qui choisit de s'abstenir du plaisir (de la relation conjugale) a certes renoncé à la religion d'Allah, le Puissant et Majestueux.

17. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Mu‘awiyah who has said the following: “I once said to abu ‘ Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, that they, about al-Hajj al-Tamattu‘ (advantageous), say, ‘It is a Makkiy al-Hajj and an Iraqiy al-‘Umrah.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘They speak a lie. Is it all not related with al-Hajj in a way that one cannot come thereof without completing al-Hajj?’”

Ils disent que le pèlerinage de celui qui accomplit la 'umra avant le hajj est un pèlerinage de La Mecque et que son 'umra est une 'umra d'Irāq. Il répondit : "Ils mentent. Il n'en sort pas avant d'avoir accompli son pèlerinage."

18. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Hammad ibn ‘Isa from Hariz from ‘Abd al-Malik ibn ’A‘yan who has said the following: “Once, a group of our people performed al-Hajj, and when they arrived in al-Madinah, went to visit abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam. They said that Zurarah has told them to commence their al-Hajj upon assuming the state of Ihram. He (the Imam) said, ‘You must perform al-Hajj al-Tamattu‘ (advantageous).’ When they left I went to see him (the Imam) and said, ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, if you do not tell them what you have told to Zurarah, we will go to al- Kufah and will prove him a liar. He (the Imam) said, ‘Call them back. They came back and he (the Imam) said, ‘What Zurarah has said is true.’ He (the Imam) then said, ‘By Allah, from this day on no one will hear this from me.’”

Un groupe de nos compagnons fit le pèlerinage, et lorsqu'ils arrivèrent à Médine, ils se rendirent chez Abi Ja'far (que la paix soit sur lui) et lui dirent : "Zurara nous a ordonné de décharger nos montures lors du pèlerinage une fois que nous avons accompli le rite de l'ihram." Il leur répondit : "Profitez-en." Quand ils sortirent de chez lui, je suis entré et lui ai dit : "Puisses-tu être sacrifié pour lui, si tu ne leur dis pas ce que tu as dit à Zurara, nous irons à Koufa et nous le déclarerons menteur." Il leur fit signe de revenir, et lorsqu'ils revinrent, il dit : "Zurara a dit vrai." Puis il ajouta : "Par Allah, après ce jour, personne ne m'entendra dire cela."