Utilisation de l'Ombre dans l'État de l'Al-Ihram

2. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ‘ Abd Allah ibn al-Mughirah who has said the following: “I once asked abu al-Hassan, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about shadow for a man in the state of Ihram. He (the Imam) said, ‘Remain in the sun for the sake of the One by whose command you assume the state of Ihram.’ I then said, ‘My endurance in the sun is low and heat becomes unbearable to me.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Did you not know that the sun sits along with the sins of the people in the state of Ihram?”’

J'ai demandé à Abū al-Ḥasan ('alayhi as-salām) au sujet de l'ombre pour celui qui est en état d'ihram. Il a répondu : Fais-la pour celui pour qui tu as fait l'ihram. J'ai dit : Je suis en état d'ihram et la chaleur est intense sur moi. Il a dit : Ne sais-tu pas que le soleil se couche à cause des péchés des personnes en état d'ihram.

3. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn al-Rayyan from al-Qasim al-Sayqal who has said the following: “I did not see anyone more strict about shadow in the state of Ihram than abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, who would command to remove the dome (tent) and its poles when he assumed the state of Ihram.’”

Je n'ai jamais vu quelqu'un être aussi strict en matière d'ombre que Abi Ja'far (que la paix soit sur lui). Il ordonnait de couper la coupole et les sourcils lorsqu'il entrait en état de sacralisation.

4. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from ibn abu Nasr from Ali ibn abu Hamzah from abu Basir who has said the following: “I once asked him (the Imam), ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a woman for whom a shadow is prepared while she is in the state of Ihram. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, it is permissible.’ I then asked the same about men. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, if he suffers from severe headache, but he must pay one mud (a certain measurement) of food as charity for every day.’”

Oui, s'il a une chemise et qu'il fait une aumône de nourriture pour chaque jour.

5. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ‘Isma‘il ibn Bazi’ who has said the following: “I wrote to al-Rida’, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, and asked if it is permissible to walk in the shadow of the carriage on camel back. He (the Imam) wrote back, ‘Yes, it is permissible.’ Another man had asked about preparing a shadow for one in the state of Ihram because of rain or sun and I was listening, he (the Imam) commanded him to pay a ransom of one sheep to be slaughtered in Mina.”

6. Ahmad has narrated from Ali ibn Ahmad ibn ‘Ushaym from Musa ibn ‘Umar from Muhammad ibn Mansur who has said the following: “I once asked abu al-Hassan, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man in the state of Ihram and shadows. He (the Imam) said, ’He must not seek shadows unless he is ill.’”

J'ai demandé à Abu al-Hasan (que la paix soit sur lui) à propos de l'ombre pour celui qui est en état d'ihram. Il a dit : "Il ne doit pas chercher l'ombre sauf en cas de maladie."

7. Ahmad has narrated from ‘Uthman ibn ‘Isa al-Kilabiy who has said the following: “I once said to abu al-Hassan, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, that Ali ibn Shihab has a headache, and cold is severe and he wants to assume the state of Ihram. He (the Imam) said, ‘If that is the case he can use shadows, but you must stay out of the shadow for the sake of the One for whom you assume the state of Ihram.’”

Si Ali ibn Shihab se plaint de maux de tête et ressent un froid intense, il lui a été conseillé de se mettre à l'ombre, et il a été recommandé à la personne qui interdit quelque chose d'être claire dans ses interdictions.

8. Ahmad ibn Muhammad from has narrated from Ali ibn al-Hakam from ‘Isma‘il ibn ‘Abd al-Khaliq who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, if a man in the state of Ihram can cover himself from the sun. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, he cannot do so, unless he is an old man or one with illness.’”

Le pèlerin ne doit pas se protéger du soleil, sauf s'il est un vieillard ou s'il a une maladie.

9. Ahmad ibn Muhammad from has narrated from Ibrahim ibn abu Mahmud who has said the following: “I once asked abu al-Hassan, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a man who is in the state of Ihram: if he can use shadow and pay ransom if the sun and rain are harmful for him. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, he can do so.’ I asked, ‘How much is the ransom?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is one sheep.’”

Le pèlerin peut se couvrir avec son manteau s'il est exposé au soleil et à la pluie, et le rachat en cas de violation est un mouton.

10. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn al-Hakam from al-Kahiliy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘It is not harmful for women and children to have a dome (umbrella) while they are in the state of Ihram.’”

a dit : "Il n'y a pas de mal à porter un dôme au-dessus des femmes et des enfants, alors qu'ils sont en état de sacralisation."

11. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id from al-Nadr ibn Suwayd from Yahya al-Halabiy from Mu ‘alia’ ibn Khunays who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘A man in the state of Ihram must not cover himself from the sun with a cloth; but it is not harmful to cover one part by the other part of his body.’”

قَالَ لا يَسْتَتِرُ الْمُحْرِمُ مِنَ الشَّمْسِ بِثَوْبٍ وَلا بَأْسَ أَنْ يَسْتَتِرَ بَعْضَهُ بِبَعْضٍ.

12. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from baker ibn Salih who has said the following: “I once wrote to abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, that my aunt who is my travel-mate and the heat is severe for her while she is in the state of Ihram; if I can provide shadow for her and for myself. He (the Imam) wrote, ‘You can provide shadow just for her alone.’”

Donne-lui de l'ombre à elle seule.

13. Al-Husayn ibn Muhammad has narrated from Mu‘alla’ ibn Muhammad from al-Hassan ibn Ali from Aban from Zurarah who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man in the state of Ihram if he can cover himself. He (the Imam) said, ‘From heat or cold, however, he cannot cover himself.’”

J'ai demandé à Zurara s'il était permis de se couvrir du froid et de la chaleur, il a répondu : "Pour ce qui est de la chaleur et du froid, non."

14. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from those whom he has mentioned from Ali ibn Rashid who has said the following: “I once asked him (the Imam), ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a man who seeks shadow in his al-‘Umrah. He (the Imam) said, ’Slaughtering (an animal) is necessary.’ He (the Imam) then said, ‘If he goes out to Makkah and uses shadow, it is necessary to slaughter an animal; one for al-‘Umrah and one for al- Hajj.’”

Il est obligatoire pour lui de verser du sang. Et s'il se rend à La Mecque et se rase, il lui est également obligatoire de verser du sang pour son Umra et du sang pour son Hajj.

15. Ali ibn Muhammad has narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from ibn abu Najran from Muhammad ibn al-Fudayl who has said the following: “Once we were in the hall of Yahya ibn Khalid in Makkah. Abu al-Hassan, Musa, ‘Alayhi al-Salam and abu Yusuf were there. Abu Yusuf stood up to move closer and then sat down square in front of him (the Imam), and said, ‘O abu al-Hassan, I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, can a man in the state of Ihram seek shadow?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘No, he cannot do so.’ He (abu Yusuf) asked, ‘Can he seek shadow of a wall, carriage, or enter the house or tent?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, he can do so.’ He (abu Yusuf) laughed in a scolding manner. He (the Imam) then said, ‘O abu Yusuf, religion is not based on analogies like your analogies and the analogies of your companions. Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, has commanded in His book to apply divorce and has insisted to have two witnesses bear testimony to the pronouncement of divorce and has not agreed unless they are just people. He has commanded to get married and has ignored the presence of witnesses but you require witnesses where Allah has made it (presence of witnesses) invalid and you have ignored the need for witnesses where Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, requires. You have also made divorce by an insane and drunk person permissible. The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, performed al-Hajj, assumed the state of Ihram and did not prepare a shadow for himself. He (the Messenger of Allah) entered the house, the tent, used the shadow of the carriage and the wall; and we do as the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, did. He (abu Yusuf) remained quiet.’”