Le Cas du Jeûne pendant les Menstruations : Majeur ou Mineur

2. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Hammad from al-Halabiy who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a woman who gets up in the morning fasting but when the day rises or in the evening experiences Hayd (menses), if she can stop fasting. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, even if it is al-Maghrib (sunset), she can stop fasting.’ I then asked him (the Imam) about the case of a woman who becomes clean of Hayd (menses) in the morning of the month of Ramadan and she takes Ghusl (bath); but does not eat what should she do?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘She stops fasting that day; bleeding has invalidated her fast.’”

J'ai interrogé l'Imam sur une femme qui se réveille en étant jeûneuse, mais qui voit ses menstrues après le lever du jour ou au moment du coucher du soleil, doit-elle rompre son jeûne ? Il a répondu : Oui, même si c'est au moment du coucher du soleil, qu'elle rompe son jeûne. J'ai aussi demandé à l'Imam au sujet d'une femme qui voit sa pureté au début de la journée du mois de Ramadan, prend un bain rituel mais ne prend pas de nourriture, que doit-elle faire ce jour-là ? Il a dit : Elle doit rompre ce jour-là, car sa rupture est due au sang menstruel.

3. Abu Ali al-Ash’ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Safwan ibn Yahya from ‘Is ibn al-Qasim who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a woman who experiences Hayd (menses) in the month of Ramadan before sunset. He (the Imam) said, ‘She must stop fasting at the time she finds Hayd (menses).”’

Elle doit rompre son jeûne lorsqu'elle a ses règles.

4. From Safwan ibn Yahya has narrated from ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Hajjaj who has said the following: “I once asked abu al-Hassan, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a woman who gives birth after al-‘Asr if she completes or stops fasting on that day. He (the Imam) said, ‘She must stop fasting, and complete Qada’ (compensatory fast) of that day.’”

La femme qui accouche après l'heure de la prière de l'après-midi doit rompre son jeûne ce jour-là et le rattraper ultérieurement.

5. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from al-Hassan ibn Mahbub from Ali ibn Ri’ab from Sama‘ah ibn Mehran who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a woman who experiences Istihadah. He (the Imam) said, ‘She is required to fast in the month of Ramadan except for the days during which she used to experience Hayd (menses) and thereafter complete its Qada’ (compensatory fast).”’

J'ai interrogé Abu 'Abdillah (sur lui la paix) au sujet de la femme qui a ses règles. Il a répondu : "Elle jeûne le mois de Ramadan sauf les jours où elle a ses menstruations, puis elle les rattrape après."

6. Abu Ali al-Ash’ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Ali ibn Mahziyar from who has said the following: “I once wrote to him (the Imam), ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a woman who becomes clean of Hayd (menses) or childbirth bleeding on the first day of the month of Ramadan. She then experiences istihadah, she performs Salat (prayer) and fasts in all of the month of Ramadan without doing what a woman experiencing istihadah is required to do such as Ghusl (bath) for every Salat (prayer): if her fast and Salat (prayer) are valid. He (the Imam) wrote, ‘She completes Qada’ (compensatory fast) of fast but not Qada’ (compensatory salat) for her Salat (prayer); the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, would instruct Fatimah, ‘Alayha al-Salam, and the believing women to do so.”’

Une femme qui s'est purifiée de ses menstruations ou de son lochies le premier jour du mois de Ramadan, puis a eu des pertes de sang. Elle a prié et jeûné tout le mois de Ramadan sans accomplir ce que fait une femme en période de pertes de sang pour chaque prière. Est-il permis pour elle de jeûner et de prier ou non? Il a écrit: Elle doit rattraper ses jeûnes mais pas ses prières. Certes, le Messager d'Allah ordonnait à Fatima, ainsi qu'aux croyantes parmi ses femmes, de faire de même.

7. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Muhammad ibn ‘Isma’il has narrated from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan from abu al-Sabbah al-Kinaniy who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a woman who gets up fasting but when the day rises or it becomes evening, she experiences Hayd (menses), if she stops fasting. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, she is required to stop fasting even if it is before al-Maghrib.’ I asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a woman who becomes clean of Hayd (menses) in the beginning of the day in the month of Ramadan, does not take Ghusl (bath) and does not eat; what should she do about that day. He (the Imam) said, ‘Blood discharge has invalidated her fast.’”

Une femme s'est réveillée en étant en état de jeûne, mais quand le jour s'est levé ou quand le soir est arrivé, elle a eu ses menstruations. Doit-elle rompre son jeûne? Il a dit: Oui, même si c'est avant le coucher du soleil, qu'elle rompe son jeûne. Et concernant une femme qui voit la purification dès le début de la journée pendant le mois de Ramadan, elle ne se lave pas et ne se nourrit pas, que doit-elle faire ce jour-là? Il a dit: Sa rupture du jeûne est due au sang.

8. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn al-Hakam from Muhammad ibn Yahya from abu Basir who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a woman who became ill in the month of Ramadan and dies in the month of Shawwal. She asked me, in her will, to complete Qada’ (compensatory fast), on her behalf. He (the Imam) asked, ‘Did she get well from her illness?’ I replied, ‘No, she did not get well, but she died from that illness.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Do not complete Qada’ (compensatory fast) on her behalf; Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, has not made anything obligatory on her.’ I said, ‘I like to carry out on her behalf because she has asked in her will.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘How can you carry out on her behalf something that Allah has not placed on her? If you like to fast for yourself, you may do so.’”

J'ai demandé à propos d'une femme qui est tombée malade pendant le mois de Ramadan et est décédée en Shawwal, et qui m'a recommandé de jeûner pour elle. Il a répondu : "Est-ce qu'elle s'est rétablie de sa maladie ?" J'ai dit : "Non, elle est décédée pendant cette période." Il a alors dit : "Ne jeûne pas pour elle, car Allah, le Puissant et Majestueux, ne l'a pas obligée à cela." J'ai dit : "Mais j'ai le désir de jeûner pour elle, et elle m'en a recommandé." Il a répondu : "Comment peux-tu accomplir quelque chose qu'Allah ne lui a pas imposé ? Si tu désires jeûner pour toi-même, alors jeûne."

9. Ahmad ibn Muhammad has narrated from Ali ibn al-Hakam from abu Hamzah who has said the following: “I once asked abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a woman who becomes ill in the month of Ramadan, or experiences Hayd (menses) or travels and then dies before the month of Ramadan ends: if she owes to carry out Qada’ (compensatory fast). He (the Imam) said, ‘Because of Hayd (menses) and illness there is no Qada’ (compensatory fast), however, because of traveling there is Qada’ (compensatory fast) on her.’”

J'ai demandé à Abi Ja'far (que la paix soit sur lui) au sujet d'une femme qui est tombée malade pendant le mois de Ramadan, ou qui a eu ses règles, ou qui a voyagé, puis est décédée avant l'arrivée du mois de Ramadan. Doit-on jeûner pour elle ? Il a répondu : Pour les règles et la maladie, non. Quant au voyage, oui.

10. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Hassan ibn Ali from Rifa’ah ibn Musa who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a woman who vows to fast for two consecutive months. He (the Imam) said, ‘She is required to fast and fasts again for the days that were missed because of her Hayd (menses) until two months are complete.’ I then asked, ‘If she during her menopause fasts, does she still have to carry out Qada’ (compensatory fast)?’ He (the Imam) said,

Une femme qui fait un vœu de jeûner deux mois consécutifs doit jeûner et reprendre les jours où elle a interrompu jusqu'à ce qu'elle achève deux mois. Si elle désespère de voir ses menstrues, elle ne doit pas rattraper, le premier jeûne lui suffit.

11. Ahmad ibn Muhammad has narrated from al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id from Fadalah ibn Ayyub from al-Husayn ibn ‘Uthman from ibn Muskan from Muhammad ibn Ja’far who has said the following: “I once said to abu al-Hassan, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, that my woman had placed upon herself fasting for two months. She gave birth; then became pregnant. She is not able to fast. He (the Imam) said, ‘She is required to pay charity of one mud (certain measurement) for everyday to a destitute person.’”

J'ai dit à Abi al-Hasan (que la paix soit sur lui) : "Ma femme s'est imposé un jeûne de deux mois, puis elle a fait une fausse couche et la grossesse l'a rattrapée sans qu'elle ait pu jeûner." Il a dit : "Qu'elle fasse une aumône pour chaque jour, une poignée de nourriture à un nécessiteux."