731
Chapitre
Trying People and Examining Them by Means of al-Ka‘bah
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1. Muhammad ibn abu ‘Abd Allah has narrated from Muhammad ibn abu Yusr from Dawud ibn ‘Abd Allah from Muhammad ibn ‘Amr ibn Muhammad from ‘Isa ibn Yunus who has said the following: “Ibn abu al-‘Awja’ was one of the pupils of al-Hassan al-Basriy. He deviated from the belief of Monotheism. It was said to him, ‘You have given up the religion of your friend and have come to something that has no foundation and reality.’ He replied, ‘My friend was mixing the issue. One time he would say, “It is predestination” and then he would say, “It is compulsion.” I do not know if he believes in any religion with which he can continue.’ He went to Makkah, in disobedience and in rejection of belief in performing Hajj. Scholars disliked to sit and to speak with him due to his bad mouth and filthy conscience. He went to abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, and sat next to him in the company of people like him, and said, ‘O abu ‘Abd Allah, meeting places are trusts where everyone can cough if one needs to cough. Will you allow speaking?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘You can speak.’ He said, ‘For how long you continue walking around it like farmers threshing hay under their feet, seek refuge with this stone, worship this House built with bricks and rubble, run around like runaway camels? One who thinks a little about it comes to know of this action to be founded without wisdom and thinking. Say something about it; you’re the head of this matter and its peak, your father is the origin thereof and its completion.’ Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, then said, ‘One whom Allah has made blind and has made him to go astray, he mistreats the truth and considers it tasteless; thus Satan becomes his source of authority and guardian, lord and companion, who leads to destructive places wherefrom he can never come out to safety. Through this house, Allah has asked His creatures to worship Him (acknowledge Him as their sole owner) so He may examine the quality of their obedience in their answering His call. He thus has strongly advised them to respect it with greatness and visit it. He has made it a place of His prophets and a point to face during performing salat (prayer). It is a branch of His pleasure, and it is a road and it leads to His forgiveness. It is established in perfect balance as a focal point of greatness and glory. Allah created it two thousand years before the spread of earth. He deserves more than anyone who is obeyed in what He commands and in what He prohibits and admonishes. Allah is the inventor of the spirits and forms.’”
IsnādMuhammad ibn Abi Abdullah a rapporté de Muhammad ibn Abi Yusr, de Dawud ibn Abdullah, de Muhammad ibn Amr ibn Muhammad, d'Isa ibn Yunus, qui a dit:
"Le fils d'Abi al-Awja' était parmi les disciples d'Al-Hasan al-Basri. Il s'est écarté de l'unicité d'Allah. On lui a dit : 'Tu as abandonné la voie de ton compagnon et tu es entré dans ce qui n'a ni fondement ni réalité.' Il a répondu : 'Mon compagnon était confus, il disait tantôt que tout est prédestiné, tantôt que tout est déterminé par la contrainte. Ce que je sais, c'est qu'il a adopté une croyance et l'a maintenue. Il est parti pour La Mecque en rébellion, rejetant ceux qui y font le pèlerinage. Il détestait que les savants s'assoient avec lui et le questionnent en raison de la malice de sa langue et de la corruption de son cœur.' Il est venu voir Abu Abdullah (que la paix soit sur lui) et s'est assis avec lui en présence d'autres. Il lui a dit : 'Ô Abu Abdullah, les assemblées sont des dépôts et il est nécessaire que quiconque y participe pose des questions pour obtenir des réponses. Permets-moi donc de parler.' Abu Abdullah a dit : 'Parle.' Il a alors dit : 'Jusqu'à quand piétinerez-vous cette plaine, vous accrocherez-vous à cette pierre, adorerez-vous cette Kaaba construite en briques et en argile, tournerez-vous autour d'elle comme le chameau tourne autour de son piquet ? Celui qui réfléchit à tout cela et comprend que ces actes ont été instaurés par quelqu'un qui n'était ni sage ni perspicace, qu'il dise alors : 'Tu es le chef de cette affaire, sa base, son père et sa perfection.' Abu Abdullah a répondu : 'Celui qu'Allah égare et rend aveugle son cœur exagère dans la vérité sans chercher refuge auprès d'elle. Le diable devient alors son maître, son seigneur et son compagnon, le conduisant vers les abîmes de la perdition sans jamais le libérer. Cette Kaaba est un lieu qu'Allah a consacré à Ses créatures pour tester leur obéissance en venant vers Lui. Il les a encouragés à Le respecter et à Le visiter, et Il l'a établie comme lieu de rassemblement pour Ses prophètes et comme direction pour les prières des croyants. C'est une branche de Sa satisfaction et un chemin menant à Son pardon, établi sur l'élévation de la perfection, la réunion de la grandeur et de la majesté. Allah l'a créée avant la création de la terre de deux mille ans. Celui qui Lui obéit dans ce qu'Il a ordonné et s'abstient de ce qu'Il a interdit, Allah le protège des épreuves pour les âmes et les formes.'
2. It is narrated that ’Amir al-Mu’minin once said in his sermon the following: “’Amir al-Mu’minin, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that if Allah, Glorious is whose praise, wanted, He could have opened to His prophets the treasures of gold (stored), mines of pure growing gold, placed at their disposal, gardens of plantations, flocks of birds from the skies and animals on land. Had He done so, trial and testing system would have failed as well, the system of reward; the news (about the hereafter) vanished, people resting would have been the same as those under trial and assessment. The believers would not receive any reward as people of good deeds, nor do any name and terminology make any clear sense. In addition, if Allah were to send from the sky miracles to force their neck down to submission, He could have done so, but trial and test would have remained without basis in the case of all people. However, Allah, Glorious is whose praise, made His messengers to possess determination in their intentions, but weak to the eyes of people. “It is due to such determination that their (prophet’s) ability to exercise moderation fills up the hearts and eyes with satisfaction, with feeling of self-sufficiency and their exercising of self-abnegation fills up the ears and eyes (without question). Had the prophets been powerful beyond the power of others, had they had incompatible might and a kingdom that every man desired, and every one sought to achieve, it would have been easy to examine the creatures and far for the creatures to assume arrogance. They (people) would believe them for crushing fear from them or for the attractive interest found with them (the prophets). In such case, the intentions and good deeds remained subject to equal division and distribution. Allah, however, wanted that following of His messengers, acknowledgement of His books, expressing humbleness before Him, seeking comfort with His commands, submission to His orders, remain especially for Him alone, without any confusion or doubts to affect its purity of being just for Him. The more there is trial and greater test, the reward and compensation is worthier and appreciable. Have you not noticed that Allah, Glorious is whose praise, has tried and tested from Adam to the last ones of this world by means of stones that do not harm anyone or benefit them, do not see or hear? Thus, He has made it His sacred house, which He has made for people a place of worship. He then has made its location in a most barren land with rocks, the least in terms of fertility, the narrowest of valleys and means of living, the most difficult in availability of water for Muslims. It is among the rough hills, fine sands, fountains of very little water and towns that are cut off from each other, with very little traces of the drops from the sky which do not even reach anyone’s shoes or cloven-hoofs or hooves. He then commanded Adam and his offspring to ready themselves to turn to it. It then became the turning point for the destination of their journey, the final destination for them to rest. To this destination, the fruits of hearts fall from the wilderness, and vast extended land, from the cut off island in the oceans, from the deep valley of faraway places. They move their shoulders with humbleness, declaring around it (the House) that no one except Allah deserves worship. They walk on sand, on foot, dusty and tired for His sake. (One can see them) without head covering and (normal) dress, their heads shaven for the great trial, and tremendous test, intense examination, slow purification and sifting and with clear appeals. Allah has made it a means to achieve His kindness, a connection and means to reach His paradise, a reason to gain His forgiveness. It is a trial for His creatures through His kindness. The reward would have been very little and small if the trial had been of a certain lesser degree. This could happen if Allah, the most Blessed, the most High, were to place His Sacred House and other great monumental landmarks among the gardens, canals, open flat lands, thick groves of trees, easily accessible fruits, plentiful grass, connected towns, with brown colored fields, green gardens, countryside houses surrounded with beautiful yards, delightful farms, well built roads and many gardens. “The trial would turn into ease and comfort if the foundations on which it is carried, the stones with which it is raised were of green emerald, red ruby, lights and rays. This would reduce the creeping of doubts in the chests, make the struggle of Satan against the hearts very weak, nullify the pricking of doubts and hesitation by the people. Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Glorious, however, tests and examines His servants by various kinds of difficult examinations. He makes them to prove their loyalty as worshippers by a hard struggle. He tries by means of hardships to expel arrogance from their hearts and settle humbleness in their souls, so that it can open the door to His favors and provide easy means for His forgiveness and His trial, as He has said, ’Do people think that they will be left without trial just because they have said, “We have believed?” We certainly placed under test and trial those who lived before them so that Allah would find who was truthful and who were the liars.’” (29:1-2)
IsnādIl a été rapporté que l'Imam Ali (que la paix soit sur lui et sur sa famille) a dit dans un de ses discours :
Si Allah avait voulu louer Ses prophètes comme Il les a envoyés pour leur ouvrir les trésors d'or, les mines d'argent, les jardins des cieux, rassembler les oiseaux du ciel et les bêtes de la terre avec eux, Il l'aurait fait. Mais alors les épreuves disparaîtraient, les récompenses seraient annulées, les nouvelles seraient confuses. Quand il serait dû pour ceux qui parlent, les récompenses des éprouvés, et les croyants ne recevraient pas les récompenses des bienfaisants, et les noms ne seraient pas liés à un sens clair. C'est pourquoi, si Allah faisait descendre du ciel un signe, ils baisseraient leurs cous en soumission. Mais alors les épreuves disparaîtraient pour toute l'humanité. Cependant, Allah, dans Sa grandeur, a fait de Ses messagers des personnes fortes dans leurs intentions, mais faibles aux yeux des observateurs, avec une satisfaction qui remplit les cœurs, et les yeux chantent Sa louange, et des caractéristiques qui remplissent les oreilles et les yeux de Sa grandeur. Si les prophètes étaient des gens de force invincible, d'honneur inébranlable, d'un royaume devant lequel les hommes se prosterneraient et vers lequel les liens des voyageurs seraient tendus, alors ce serait plus facile pour la création dans les épreuves, plus éloigné pour eux dans l'orgueil. Ils ne seraient ni effrayés par une peur écrasante ni attirés par un désir inclinant vers eux. Les intentions seraient communes, les bonnes actions partagées. Mais Allah a voulu que l'obéissance à Ses messagers, la confirmation de Ses livres, l'humilité devant Son visage, la soumission à Son commandement, soient des affaires spéciales, sans mélange d'autres défauts. Et plus les épreuves et les tests sont grands, plus la récompense et la rétribution sont généreuses. Ne voyez-vous pas qu'Allah, dans Sa grandeur, a testé les premiers, depuis Adam jusqu'aux derniers de ce monde, avec des pierres qui ne nuisent ni ne profitent, ni ne voient ni n'entendent. Il a fait de Sa Maison Sacrée, qu'Il a établie pour les gens comme lieu de résidence, puis l'a placée dans les coins les plus reculés de la terre, une pierre de fondation, le plus bas des lieux de séjour, les régions les plus étroites des vallées pour la subsistance, les eaux les plus dures des musulmans entre des montagnes rugueuses, des sables fins, des sources, des plaines, des villages isolés, des traces des gouttes de pluie, dispersées, où aucun pied, ni sabot, ni griffe ne peut atteindre. Puis Il ordonna à Adam et à sa descendance de tourner leurs visages vers Lui, pour être une récompense pour ceux qui cherchent refuge, un but pour ceux qui lancent leurs voyages, attirant les fruits des cœurs des lieux de repos connectés, des îles isolées des mers, des profondeurs des océans, des villes coupées, des emplacements des gouttes de pluie, répartis, où aucun pied, ni sabot, ni griffe ne peut atteindre. Puis Il ordonna à Adam et à sa descendance de tourner leurs visages vers Lui, pour être une récompense pour ceux qui cherchent refuge, un but pour ceux qui lancent leurs voyages, attirant les fruits des cœurs des lieux de repos connectés, des îles isolées des mers, des profondeurs des océans, des villes coupées, des emplacements des gouttes de pluie, répartis, où aucun pied, ni sabot, ni griffe ne peut atteindre. Puis Il ordonna à Adam et à sa descendance de tourner leurs visages vers Lui