L'obligation du jeûne pour celui qui accomplit le Hajj Tamattu' mais ne peut trouver une offrande

2. Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn abu Nasr has narrated from ‘Abd al-Karim ibn ‘Amr from Zurarah who has said the following: “One of the two Imam, (abu Ja’far or abu ‘Abd Allah), ‘Alayhim al-Salam, has said, ‘One who cannot find an offering and likes to fast the three days during the first ten days, it is not an offense for him to do so.”

Celui qui ne trouve pas de sacrifice et aime avancer les trois jours du début des dix premiers jours, alors il n'y a pas de mal.

3. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father and Muhammad ibn ‘Isma‘il has narrated from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan from Safwan ibn Yahya and ibn abu ‘Umayr from Mu‘awiyah ibn ‘Ammar who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a man who is for al-Tamattu‘ (advantageous) and does not find offering-animal. He (the Imam) said, ‘He is required to fast three days in al-Hajj, one day before al-Tarwiyah (eight of Dhu al-Hajj ah), on the day of al-Tarwiyah and on the day of ‘Arafah.’ I then asked, ‘What is the rule if he misses it?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘He can eat food before dawn on the day of al-Hasabah, fast that day and two more days thereafter.’ I then asked, if camel man does not wait for him, can he fast on the way?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, if he likes he can fast on the way or when he returns home to his family.’”

J'ai demandé à l'Imam Abu Abdullah (que la paix soit sur lui) au sujet d'une personne qui n'a pas trouvé de sacrifice. Il a dit : "Qu'il jeûne trois jours pendant le pèlerinage, un jour avant le jour de la mise en état d'ihram, le jour de la mise en état d'ihram et le jour d'Arafat." J'ai dit : "Et si cela lui échappe ?" Il a dit : "Qu'il prenne un repas avant l'aube du jour de la station à Muzdalifah, jeûne ce jour-là et les deux jours suivants." J'ai dit : "Et si sa monture ne peut pas supporter cela en chemin ?" Il a dit : "S'il le veut, il jeûne en chemin, et s'il le veut, une fois de retour chez lui."

4. Abu Ali al-Ash’ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Safwan ibn Yahya from ‘Is ibn al-Qasim who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a man who is for al-Tamattu‘ (advantageous), arrives on the day of al-Tarwiyah (eight of Dhu al-Hajj ah) and he does not have offering animal with him. He (the Imam) said, ‘He must not fast that day or on the day of ‘Arafah. He can eat food before dawn on the day of al-Hasabah, and in the morning he will be fasting; it is the day to leave, and two more days thereafter.’”

J'ai demandé à propos de quelqu'un qui entre le jour de la Tarwiya sans avoir de hadiy (offrande), il a dit : "Alors qu'il ne jeûne pas ce jour-là ni le jour d'Arafat, et qu'il prenne son repas avant l'aube le jour de l'aspiration, afin de se réveiller en étant jeûneur, et c'est le jour de la mobilisation, et qu'il jeûne deux jours après cela."

5. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from certain persons of his people who has said the following: “I once asked abu al-Hassan, al-Rida’, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a man who is for al-Hajj al-Tamattu‘ (advantageous), and has clothes in his bag; if he can sell them and buy offering animal from the sale of the clothes. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, believers dress up with clothes. He must fast and must not take anything from his clothes.”’

J'ai dit à l'Imam Ridâ (que la paix soit sur lui) : Un homme fait le tamattu' (accomplit la 'umra puis le hajj) et pendant le temps qui s'écoule entre les deux, il a des vêtements qu'il vend pour acheter des cadeaux. - Non, répondit-il, c'est un ornement dont se pare le croyant. Il jeûne sans rien prendre de ses vêtements.

6. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Hammad ibn ‘Isa from Hariz who has said the following: “This is about the case of a man for al-Tamattu‘ (advantageous) who is able to pay but cannot find offering animal. Abu ‘ Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘He must leave the cost of the offering animal with someone in Makkah. He must instruct him to buy an offering animal and slaughter it for him. This is sufficient. If it did not happen in Dhu al-Hajjah, he can delay it until next Dhu al-Hajjah in future.’”

Concernant celui qui achète un animal pour le sacrifier à La Mecque, mais ne trouve pas de bétail, il laisse l'argent avec certains habitants de La Mecque, leur ordonne d'acheter pour lui et de sacrifier en son nom, ce qui le libère de son engagement. S'il atteint le mois de Dhu al-Hijja, il délègue cela à Qabil de Dhu al-Hijja.

7. Abu Ali af-Ash’ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd af-Jabbar from Safwan ibn Yahya from Yahya af-Arzaq who has said the following: “I once asked abu al-Hassan, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a man for al-Tamattu‘ (advantageous) who has enough funds for the offering animal available but he delays until the evening when prices become high and the funds that he has now are not enough to buy what he could buy earlier in the day. He (the Imam) said, ‘He is required to fast three days after the days of tashriq, 11, 12 and 13.’”

Il jeûne trois jours après les jours de Tashriq.

8. A number of our people have narrated from Sahf ibn Ziyad Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Nasr from ‘Abd al-Karim from abu Basir who has said the following: “I once asked him (the Imam), ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a man for al-Tamattu‘ (advantageous) who could not find an offering animal and he fasted the three days. When he completed the acts of his al- Hajj he found out that he needed to remain in Makkah. He (the Imam) said, ‘He must wait for the arrival of the people from his town and when he thinks that they have entered (Makkah) he then must fast the seven days.’”

J'ai interrogé Abu Basir au sujet d'un homme qui a eu des relations conjugales temporaires mais n'a pas trouvé de bête à sacrifier. Il a observé alors le jeûne pendant trois jours. Lorsqu'il a accompli son sacrifice, il a pensé s'installer à La Mecque, en attendant l'arrivée de ses compatriotes. Quand il a estimé qu'ils étaient arrivés, il devrait jeûner sept jours.

9. Ahmad ibn Muhammad has narrated from ibn abu Nasr from ‘Abd al-Karim from abu Basir who has said the following: “I once asked one of the two Imam, (abu Ja’far or abu ‘Abd Allah), ‘Alayhim al-Salam, about a man for al-Tamattu‘ (advantageous) who cannot find an offering animal until the day for departure when he finds enough funds to buy a sheep, should he slaughter or fast? He (the Imam) said, ‘He must fast; the days for slaughtering have passed.’”

J'ai demandé à l'un d'eux au sujet d'un homme qui a eu des relations conjugales mais n'a pas trouvé de quoi offrir en sacrifice, puis le jour de la conscription est arrivé et il a trouvé le prix de deux moutons. Doit-il les sacrifier ou jeûner ? Il a répondu : Il doit jeûner, car les jours du sacrifice sont passés.

10. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Hafs ibn al-Bakhtariy from Mansur who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘One who does not fast in Dhu al-Hajjah until it is the month of Muharram, he owes one sheep to slaughter and fasting is not obligatory on him, he must slaughter it in Mina’.’”

Celui qui ne jeûne pas pendant le mois de Dhul-Hijjah jusqu'à ce que le croissant de lune du mois de Muḥarram soit visible, doit expier en offrant un mouton en sacrifice, et son jeûne n'est pas valide. Il doit l'égorger à Minā.

11. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id from ‘Abd Allah ibn Bahr from Hammad ibn ‘Uthaman who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a man for al-Tamattu‘ (advantageous) who fasts for three days and on the day of departure finds an offering animal. He (the Imam) said, ‘His fast is sufficient.’”

Son jeûne le décharge de cette obligation.

12. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id from Fadalah ibn Ayyub from Mu‘awiyah ibn ‘Ammar who has said the following: “He (the Imam), ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘If one who did not have an offering animal for his al- Tamattu‘ (advantageous), dies; it becomes obligatory on his guardian to fast on his behalf.’”

"Celui qui meurt sans avoir offert de sacrifice pour sa 'Id, que son tuteur jeûne à sa place."

13. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘ Umayr from Hammad from al-Halabiy who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a man for al-Hajj al-Tamattu‘ (advantageous) who did not have an animal for offering. Therefore, he fasted for three days in al-Hajj : then he died after returning to his family and before fasting the seven days: if it was obligatory on his guardian to fast on his behalf. He (the Imam) said, ‘I do not see any Qada’ (compensatory fast) obligatory on him.’”

Il a été interrogé au sujet d'un homme ayant accompli la Omra avant le Hajj sans offrir de sacrifice. Il jeûna alors trois jours lors du Hajj, puis décéda après être rentré chez lui avant d'avoir jeûné les sept jours restants. Il a été demandé à son successeur de jeûner pour lui, mais il a répondu : "Je ne vois pas de jeûne à rattraper pour lui."

14. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd Allah ibn Hilal from ‘Uqbah ibn Khalid who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a man for al-Tamattu‘ (advantageous) who does not have anything to buy an animal for offering. He fasts three days in al-Hajj but then it becomes possible for him to buy an animal for offering. Must he buy an animal for offering and slaughter it or leave it alone and fast the remaining seven days when he is back home in his family? He (the Imam) said, ‘He must buy an animal for offering and his fasting is of extra benefit for him.’”

Il a dit: Qu'il achète un sacrifice et l'offre en sacrifice, et que son jeûne, qu'il a observé, soit considéré comme une aumône facultative pour lui.

15. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from in a marfu‘ manner the following: “This is about the words of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, ‘If he cannot find (offering) he must fast three days in al-Hajj and seven days when you return and this becomes ten complete.’ (2:196) He (the Imam), ‘Alayhi al-Salam, said that completing fasting is completing the offering obligation.’”

Celui qui ne trouve pas de quoi sacrifier, qu'il jeûne trois jours pendant le pèlerinage et sept jours une fois rentré. Ces dix jours sont complets. Leur perfection est comme la perfection des sacrifices.

16. Certain persons of our people have narrated from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn from Ahmad ibn ‘Abd Allah al-Karkhiy who has said the following: “I once asked al-Rida’, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a man for al-Tamattu‘ (advantageous) who arrives but does not have any animal for offering with him; if he can fast before the time to slaughter the offering. He (the Imam) said, ‘He must wait until the day of al-Nahr (slaughtering the offering, 10th of Dhu al- Hajjah); and if he did not find any animal for offering, then he is of ‘those who cannot find’ (2:196) an animal for offering.’” (Fatwa best explains Hadith 3-16 of this Chapter)

Le croyant qui effectue le pèlerinage tamattu' en avance sans avoir de bête à sacrifier doit patienter jusqu'au jour du sacrifice, et s'il ne parvient pas à en trouver, il est considéré comme n'ayant pas trouvé de bête à sacrifier.