Le Cas de Celui qui Passe le Lieu de l'Al-Ihram ou Entre à La Mecque Sans l'Al-Ihram

2. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id from Safwan ibn Yahya who has said the following: “I once wrote to abu al-Hassan al-Rida’ ‘Alayhi al-Salam, saying, ‘Certain people of your followers from Basrah assume the state of Ihram at Batn al-‘Aqiq. There is no water at that place or station. It makes things very difficult for them, their companions rush them as well as camel men. Fifteen miles after that place is a station, which has water where they disembark. If you consider it proper, instruct them to assume the state of Ihram at this place, which makes things easier for them. He (the Imam) wrote, ‘The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, designated Mawaqit (places for assuming the state of Ihram) for their people as well as those who pass through them. However, there is permission for people who have difficulty and illness. It is not permissible to pass Miqat (place for assuming the state of Ihram) without acceptable reason (excuse).”’

J'ai écrit à lui (l'Imam) que certains de vos partisans à Basra interdisent l'utilisation de l'eau provenant du ventre de l'agneau sacrifié, alors qu'il n'y a ni eau ni lieu approprié pour cela. Ils endurent une grande difficulté à ce sujet, poussés par leurs compagnons et leurs beaux chevaux. Derrière le ventre de l'agneau sacrifié, à quinze milles, il y a un lieu avec de l'eau, qui est leur lieu de séjour. Vous verrez qu'ils interdisent l'utilisation du lieu de l'eau par compassion et légèreté envers eux. Il a donc écrit que le Messager d'Allah (que la paix soit sur lui et sa famille) a fixé les moments pour les gens de ces endroits et pour ceux qui y arrivent d'autres endroits. Il y a une permission pour ceux qui ont une excuse, mais ils ne doivent pas dépasser les limites de temps sauf pour une raison valable.

3. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn al-Hakam from Sayf ibn ‘Amirah from abu Bakr al- Hadramiy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘I once went out (for al-Hajj) with my family walking and did not assume the state of Ihram until al-Juhfah. I had complaints (due to difficulties). People of al-Madinah kept questioning me saying, ‘We met him with his (regular) clothes on him.’ They know that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has given permission to those who suffer from an illness or are weak to assume the state of Ihram at al-Juhfah.’”

Un groupe parmi nos compagnons de la part d'Ahmad ibn Muhammad, de Ali ibn al-Hakam, de Saïf ibn Amira, d'Abu Bakr al-Hadrami, qui a dit : Abu Abdullah (sur lui la paix) a dit : Je suis sorti avec ma famille à pied et je n'ai pas fait le ihram jusqu'à ce que je sois arrivé à al-Juhfa. J'étais en train de me plaindre et les habitants de Médine demandaient de mes nouvelles, disant : Nous l'avons rencontré et il portait ses vêtements, alors qu'ils ne savaient pas. Et l'Envoyé d'Allah (que la prière d'Allah et Son salut soient sur lui et sa famille) a permis à celui qui était malade ou faible de ne pas se rendre à al-Juhfa.

4. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Rifa‘ah ibn Musa who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a man who becomes severely ill before entering Makkah. He (the Imam) said, ‘He must not enter Makkah without Ihram.’”

J'ai demandé à l'Imam Abu 'Abdillah (que la paix soit sur lui) au sujet d'un homme atteint d'une maladie grave avant d'entrer à La Mecque. Il a dit : "Il ne devrait pas y entrer sans être en état d'ihram."

5. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from ibn Faddal from ibn Bukayr from Zurarah from certain persons of our people who performed al-Hajj with a woman with them. They arrived at Miqat (place for assuming the state of Ihram) and she did not perform Salat (prayer). They did not know that one like her must assume the state of Ihram; so they continued on their journey with her in the same condition, until they arrived in Makkah and she experienced Hayd (menses) and without Ihram. They asked people about it and they said that she must go to any one of Miqat to assume the state of Ihram; but in so doing she could not be in time for al-Hajj. They asked abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, and he (the Imam) said, ‘She must assume the state of Ihram from where she is, Allah had full knowledge of her intention.’”

Ils firent le pèlerinage avec une femme qui avait ses règles sans le savoir. Ils la menèrent ainsi jusqu'à ce qu'ils atteignent La Mecque et elle était en état de menstrues. Ils interrogèrent les gens qui leur dirent de se rendre à certains endroits pour qu'elle puisse se purifier. Chaque fois qu'elle le faisait, elle manquait un acte du pèlerinage. Ils interrogèrent Abu Ja'far (que la paix soit sur lui) qui dit : "Elle doit se purifier à partir de son lieu, car Dieu connaît son intention."

6. Abu Ali al-Ash’ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Safwan from ‘Abd Allah ibn Sinan who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a man who passed through Miqat (place for assuming the state of Ihram). He forgot or was ignorant; so he did not assume the state of Ihram until he entered Makkah, then he was afraid of not being able to come back in time for al-Hajj . He (the Imam) said, ‘He must go outside al-Haram (the sacred area) to assume the state of Ihram and it is sufficient.’”

J'ai interrogé Abu Abdullah (sur lui soit la paix) au sujet d'un homme qui est passé au moment où les gens étaient en état d'ihram mais qui a oublié ou ignoré et n'a pas fait l'ihram jusqu'à ce qu'il atteigne La Mecque, craignant s'il revenait au moment qu'il manquerait le Hajj. Il a dit : "Il doit sortir du Haram, faire l'ihram et cela suffit pour lui."

7. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Muhammad ibn ‘Isma’il from Muhammad ibn al-Fudayl from abu al-Sabbah al-Kinaniy who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a man who is ignorant of Ihram until he enters al-Haram (the sacred area) and about what he should do. He (the Imam) said, ‘He must go out of al- Haram (the sacred area), then say Talbiyah for al-Hajj.’”

Il sort du sanctuaire puis il doit accomplir le pèlerinage.

8. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Jamil ibn Darraj from certain persons of our people who has said the following: “If one forgets to assume the state of Ihram or is ignorant, attends all places for performing the acts of al-Hajj such as Tawaf, Sa‘y between al-Safa’ and al-Marwah and so on, one of the two Imam, (abu Ja’far or abu ‘Abd Allah), ‘Alayhim al-Salam, has said, ‘His intention is sufficient. If he had such intention, his Hajj is complete even though he did not say Talbiyah.’ About the case of a man who fainted due to illness until Miqat (place for assuming the state of Ihram), he (the Imam) said, ‘He must assume the state of Ihram.’”

...concernant un homme qui a oublié de se consacrer ou qui était ignorant, alors qu'il a accompli tous les rites du pèlerinage et a effectué les circuits et les allers-retours. Il lui suffit son intention s'il l'a formulée, son pèlerinage est alors complet, même s'il n'a pas prononcé les formules rituelles. Et il a dit à propos d'un malade qui a perdu connaissance jusqu'à l'heure du sacrifice : "On doit se consacrer pour lui."

9. Abu Ali al-Ash’ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Safwan ibn Yahya from Ishaq ibn ‘Ammar who has said the following: “I once asked abu al-Hassan, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about assuming the state of Ihram from Ghamrah. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not harmful, but Barid al-‘Aqiq is more desirable to me.’”

Je lui ai demandé s'il était permis de se mettre en état d'ihram depuis Ghumra. Il a répondu qu'il n'y avait pas de mal à le faire, et il a ajouté que le collier d'agate était ce qu'il préférait.

10. Safwan has narrated from Mu‘awiyah who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a woman who, with a people, experienced Hayd (menses), and asked them about it; but they did not know if she was required to assume the state of Ihram or not, so they left her in her condition until she entered al-Haram (the sacred area). He (the Imam) said, ‘If she has enough time, she must go to Miqat (place for assuming the state of Ihram) to assume the state of Ihram. If she does not have enough time, she must return back as much as she can after leaving al-Haram (the sacred area) so that she does not miss the rest of the acts of her al-Hajj.’”

J'ai interrogé Abu 'Abdillah (sur lui la paix) au sujet d'une femme qui était avec un groupe et qui a eu ses menstrues. Elle leur a envoyé demander, et ils lui ont répondu : "Nous ne savons pas si tu es en état d'ihram ou non alors que tu es en période de menstruation." Ils l'ont laissée jusqu'à ce qu'elle entre dans le Haram. Il a dit : "Si elle a un délai, qu'elle retourne à l'heure et qu'elle fasse l'ihram à ce moment-là. Et si elle n'a pas de délai, qu'elle fasse ce qu'elle peut après être sortie du Haram, autant que ce qui ne lui échappe pas."

11. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ‘Abd Allah ibn al-Mughirah from Ahmad ibn ‘Amr ibn Sa‘id from Wardan who has said the following: “Abu al-Hassan, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘Whoever lives at a distance of ten miles from Makkah must not enter Makkah without Hiram.’”

Celui qui se trouve à moins de dix milles de La Mecque ne peut y entrer sans être en état d'ihram.

12. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Jamil ibn Darraj from Sawrah ibn Kulayb who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a woman of our family who was with us and was ignorant of Ihram, so she did not assume the state of Ihram until we entered Makkah and we forgot to tell her about it. He (the Imam) said, ‘You can instruct her to assume the state of Ihram from wherever she is in Makkah or Masjid.”’

`[Traduction du contenu principal du hadith]`