Ce qui suffit pour le Hajjata al-Islam et ce qui ne suffit pas? (Le chapitre suivant est mieux expliqué par une fatwa).

2. Humayd ibn Ziyad has narrated from ibn Sama‘ah from A number of our people have narrated from Aban ibn ‘Uthman from al-Fadl ibn ‘Abd al-Malik who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a man who does not have any assets but people helped him to perform al-Hajj; if it is sufficient for Hajjahta al-Islam. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, but if later he becomes affluent, he is required to perform al-Hajj again.’ I then asked, ‘The kind of al-Hajj that he has performed, is it complete or defective because he has not performed it from his own assets?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, it is sufficient for Hajjahta al-Islam and it will be complete, not defective; however, if he becomes affluent he must perform al-Hajj again.’ He (the Imam) was asked about a man who has camel for hire who finds a passenger and performs al-Hajj while he is hired; is his al-Hajj sufficient Hajjah for him; also if he carries assets for trade to Makkah, then he finds a certain amount of assets from his trade or suffers losses. Is his al-Hajj complete or defective or it is not al-Hajj, unless he goes to Makkah just for al-Hajj without any intention for other things or that he has intention for al-Hajj as well as other matters? Is this kind of al-Hajj sufficient for his al-Hajj? He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, his al-Hajj is complete.’”

J'ai demandé à l'Imam Abu 'Abdillah (que la paix soit sur lui) au sujet d'un homme qui n'avait pas de biens mais qui a été financé par ses compagnons pour effectuer le pèlerinage islamique. Il a répondu que si après cela il se retrouve dans une situation plus aisée, il doit effectuer son propre pèlerinage. J'ai demandé si son pèlerinage serait considéré comme complet ou incomplet s'il n'avait pas financé son propre pèlerinage. Il a répondu que son pèlerinage islamique serait accepté et considéré comme complet, et non pas incomplet. Et s'il devient capable de financer son propre pèlerinage, il doit le faire. J'ai ensuite demandé s'il s'agissait d'un homme qui possède des chameaux qu'il loue et qui lui rapportent un revenu, et s'il effectue le pèlerinage avec cet argent, est-ce que son pèlerinage sera accepté. Ou s'il transporte des marchandises vers La Mecque et qu'il subit une perte dans son commerce, est-ce que son pèlerinage sera considéré comme complet ou incomplet. Ou s'il part en pèlerinage sans avoir l'intention d'autre chose, ou s'il a l'intention des deux, son pèlerinage sera-t-il accepté. Il a répondu que son pèlerinage sera considéré comme complet.

3. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Mu‘awiyah ibn ‘Ammar who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a man who performs al-Hajj for someone else; if it is sufficient for Hajjahta al-Islam. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes it is sufficient.’ I then asked, ‘Is al- Hajj of a camel-man complete or defective?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is complete.’ I asked, ‘Is al-Hajj on hire complete or defective?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is complete.’”

Oui, cela lui suffit comme accomplissement du pèlerinage de l'Islam.

4. Ali has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from ‘Umar ibn ‘Udhaynah who has said the following: “I once wrote to abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, and asked him about a man who did not believe in this issue (the Divine Authority of ’A’immah); then Allah granted him understanding and belief in it. Does he still owe Hajjahta al-Islam or it is complete?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘He has completed the obligation from Allah but performing al-Hajj is more beloved to me.’ I asked about a man of the people of al-Qiblah (al-Ka‘bah) who had animosity toward ’A’immah, but Allah granted him understanding and recognized this issue (the Divine Authority of ’A’immah); does this complete his Hajjahta al-Islam or he is required to perform al-Hajj in future? He (the Imam) said, ‘Al-Hajj is more beloved to me.’”

Le contenu principal du hadith est une discussion sur l'obligation du pèlerinage pour ceux qui l'accomplissent sans connaissance préalable, ainsi que sur la priorité du pèlerinage selon l'Imam 'Alī ('alayhi salam).

5. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ali ibn Mahziyar from who has said the following: “Ibrahim ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Umar al-Hamadaniy once wrote to abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, and asked, ‘I performed al-Hajj and I was against ’A’immah, and it was my first al-Hajj; so I entered Makkah with al-‘Umrah for al-Hajj. He (the Imam) wrote to him the answer, ‘Do your al-Hajj again.”’

Un certain nombre de nos compagnons de Sahl ibn Ziyad, d'Ali ibn Mahziyar, ont rapporté qu'Ibrahim ibn Muhammad ibn Imran al-Hamdani a écrit à Abi Ja'far (que la paix soit sur lui) disant : "J'ai effectué le pèlerinage alors que j'étais en désaccord et que j'étais endetté. J'ai donc entrepris la 'Umra en guise de pèlerinage." Il lui a répondu : "Prépare ton pèlerinage."

6. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu Najran from ‘Asem ibn Humayd from Mu‘awiyah ibn ‘Ammar who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a man who passes through Makkah on his way to Yemen or other lands and finds other people traveling for al-Hajj, so he joins them to al-Mashahid (memorial places); if it is sufficient for Hajjahta al-Islam. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, it is sufficient.’”

Il répondit : Oui.

7. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id from Fadalah ibn Ayyub from Mu‘awiyah ibn ‘Ammar who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a man who goes out for trade to Makkah or that he has a camel that he has given for hire to transport people; if his al-Hajj is complete or defective. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, but it is complete al-Hajj.’”

Le voyageur qui part en pèlerinage vers La Mecque ou vend des chameaux pour son pèlerinage, ceux-ci sont suffisants, pas insuffisants.

8. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from ibn Mahbub from Shihab who has said the following: “A man set free his slave in the evening of the day of ‘Arafah (ninth of Dhul Hajjah); if the slave’s al- Hajj is sufficient for Hajjahta al-Islam. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, it is not sufficient.’ I then asked, ‘Will he receive any reward for it?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, he receives rewards.’ I asked about a ten-years old boy and his al-Hajj. He (the Imam), ‘Alayhi al-Salam, said, ‘He owes Hajjahta al-Islam when he grows to adulthood and so also is the case of a young girl.’”

...concernant un homme qui a affranchi un esclave la nuit de Arafat, reconnaissant à cet esclave le statut de Hajjat al-Islam. On lui demanda s'il en était de même pour la mère d'un enfant qui serait envoyé en pèlerinage par son maître. Il répondit que non. On lui demanda alors si elle recevrait une récompense pour son pèlerinage, et il répondit que oui. On lui demanda ensuite s'il était permis à un enfant de dix ans de faire le Hajj, et il répondit que Hajjat al-Islam lui était obligatoire s'il atteignait la puberté, de même pour une jeune fille à qui le Hajj est obligatoire dès qu'elle a ses règles.

9. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad and a number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad all from Ali ibn Mahziyar from Muhammad ibn al-Fudayl who has said the following: “I once asked abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a child when he is made to assume the state of Ihram? He (the Imam) said, ‘When he safeguards and protects.’”

J'ai interrogé Abu Ja'far al-Thani (que la paix soit sur lui) au sujet d'un nourrisson : quand doit-il être soumis à la règle de l'ihram ? Il a répondu : Lorsqu'il a des dents.

10. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Mahbub from ibn Ri’ab from Durays who has said the following: “This is about a man who travels for Hajjahta al-Islam and dies on the way. Abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al- Salam, has said, ‘If he dies in al-Haram (the sacred area), it is sufficient for Hajjahta al-Islam. However, if he dies outside al-Haram (the sacred area), then his guardians should complete, Qada’ (compensatory for) Hajjahta al-Islam, on his behalf.’”

a rapporté que Abi Ja'far (que la paix soit sur lui) a dit : "Concernant un homme qui part en pèlerinage, accomplissant le Hajj de l'Islam, et qui décède en chemin, s'il meurt dans le sanctuaire, alors la Hajj de l'Islam est accomplie pour lui. Mais s'il meurt en dehors du sanctuaire, alors que son représentant accomplisse le Hajj de l'Islam pour lui."

11. Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Mahbub from ibn Ri’ab from Burayd al-‘Ijliy who has said the following: “I once asked abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a man who travels for al-Hajj. He has a camel with him and his supplies, but he dies on the way. He (the Imam) said, ‘If it was his first al-Hajj and has died in al-Haram (the sacred area), it is sufficient for Hajjahta al-Islam. If he dies, being his first al- Hajj, before assuming the state of Ihram, his camel, supplies and things with him are applied to his Hajjahta al-Islam, if anything is left extra it is for his heirs, if there is no loan on him.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if it was an optional al-Hajj and he dies on the way before assuming the state of Ihram, who will have his camel, and things with him?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘All things belonging to him go to his heirs, unless there is loan on him which is paid on his behalf or if his will says to give something to someone, in which case it is paid from one-third of his legacy.’”

J'ai interrogé Abu Ja'far (que la paix soit sur lui) au sujet d'un homme qui partit en pèlerinage avec un chameau, des provisions et des biens, puis décéda en chemin. Il a dit : "S'il était en difficulté puis est décédé dans le Haram, il aura accompli la Hajj de l'Islam. S'il est décédé en étant en difficulté avant d'atteindre le Haram, son chameau, ses provisions et ses biens seront considérés comme Hajj de l'Islam. S'il reste quelque chose en surplus, cela reviendra à ses héritiers s'il n'a pas de dettes." J'ai demandé : "Et s'il avait entrepris le pèlerinage de manière volontaire puis décédé en chemin avant d'atteindre le Haram, que se passe-t-il pour son chameau, ses provisions et ses biens ?" Il a répondu : "Tout ce qu'il possédait et ce qu'il a laissé reviendra à ses héritiers, sauf s'il avait des dettes à régler, auquel cas elles seront payées, ou s'il avait fait un testament, celui-ci sera exécuté pour celui qu'il a désigné, et cela sera prélevé sur un tiers de ses biens."

12. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Rifa’ah who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a man who has made a vow to walk to Bayt Allah al-Haram (the Sacred House of Allah): if it is sufficient for Hajjahta al-Islam. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, it is sufficient.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if he performs al-Hajj for others and he does not have any assets and has vowed to perform al-Hajj on foot? Is this kind of al-Hajj sufficient? He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, it is sufficient.’”

13. Abu Ali ai-Ash’ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd af-Jabbar from Safwan ibn Yahya from ibn Muskan from ‘Amir ibn ‘Amirah who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of the issue that I had heard from him (the Imam) and he (the Imam) had said, ‘If a man dies owing Hajjahta al-Islam and a certain relative performs al-Hajj on his behalf it is sufficient.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, I can testify that my father, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, narrated to me from the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, that a man came to him and said, “O Messenger of Allah, my father has died without performing al-Hajj.” The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, said, ‘Perform al-Hajj on his behalf; it is sufficient for him.’”

14. It is narrated from him (narrator of previous Hadith) from Safwan from Hakam ibn Hakam who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a man who dies without performing al-Hajj and without a will to perform al-Hajj on his behalf. However, a certain one of his relatives, male or female, enables someone to perform al-Hajj on his behalf; if it is sufficient for his al-Hajj, or al-Hajj belongs to one who has enabled and the one who performs al-Hajj receives reward. He (the Imam) said, ‘If it is his first al-Hajj it is sufficient for both of them and the enabler receives reward.’”

[Traduction du contenu principal du hadith]

15. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id from Fadalah from Rifa’ah who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a man who dies and has not performed Hajjahta al-Islam and has not made any will about it if it can be carried out on his behalf. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, it is permissible.’”

Oui.

16. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Hassan ibn Ali from Rifa’ah who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man and a woman who die without performing al-Hajj; if Hajjahta al-Islam can be performed on their behalf. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, it is permissible.’”

Oui.

17. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from in a marfu‘ manner who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a man who dies and has a son who does not know if his father has performed al-Hajj or not. He (the Imam) said, ‘He performs al-Hajj on his behalf, if his father has performed al-Hajj, it is written as optional al-Hajj for him and an obligatory al-Hajj for his son; and if his father has not performed al-Hajj, it is written obligatory for his father and optional for the son.’”

Il a été interrogé au sujet d'un homme décédé en laissant un fils sans savoir si son père avait accompli le pèlerinage ou non. Il a répondu : Que le fils accomplisse le pèlerinage pour lui. Si son père a effectué le pèlerinage, il sera écrit pour son père en tant que surérogatoire et pour le fils en tant qu'obligatoire. Mais si son père n'a pas accompli le pèlerinage, il sera écrit pour son père en tant qu'obligatoire et pour le fils en tant que surérogatoire.

18. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Muhammad ibn al-Hassan al-Shammun from ‘Abd Allah ibn ‘Abd al-Rahman al-Asamm from Misma’ ibn ‘Abd al-Malik who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘Even if a servant of Allah performs ten al-Hajj, he owes obligatory Hajjahta al-Islam also; if he is able to perform Hajjahta al-Islam. If a boy performs ten al- Hajj ah, he owes obligatory Hajjahta al-Islam also; if he is able to perform Hajjahta al-Islam when he becomes an adult. If a slave performs ten al-Hajj ah, then is set free that person owes obligatory Hajjahta al-Islam also, if he is able to perform Hajjahta al-Islam.”’

"Si un serviteur accomplit dix pèlerinages, il aura accompli le Hajj de l'Islam s'il en a la capacité, et si un jeune homme accomplit dix pèlerinages puis a une pollution nocturne, il aura accompli l'obligation de l'Islam, et si un esclave accomplit dix pèlerinages puis est affranchi, il aura accompli l'obligation de l'Islam s'il en a la capacité."