L'aumône de la Fitra due au jeûne

3. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father and Muhammad ibn ‘Isma‘il has narrated from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan from all ibn abu ‘Umayr from Hisham ibn al-Hakam who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘Paying al-Fitrah in the form of dates is better than other items because its benefit is immediate. As soon as it reaches the hands of the recipient he eats thereof.’ He (the Imam) then said, ‘Zakat had come but people had no taxable assets. It was only al- Fitrah.’”

Les dattes pendant la période de rupture du jeûne sont meilleures que les autres car elles sont plus rapidement bénéfiques, car lorsqu'elles tombent entre les mains de leur propriétaire, il en mange. Il a dit: "La zakat a été révélée alors que les gens n'avaient pas de biens, mais il y avait seulement la rupture du jeûne."

4. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Mu‘awiyah ibn ‘Ammar from Ibrahim ibn Maymun who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘If you pay before going out for Salat (prayer) on ‘Id day it is al-Fitrah, but if you pay after you go out for ‘Id it then is charity.’”

`La fitra, si tu la donnes avant de sortir pour l'Aïd, c'est une fitra. Mais si c'est après être sorti pour l'Aïd, alors c'est une aumône.`

5. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Muhammad ibn Khalid from Sa‘d ibn Sa‘d al-Ash’ariy who has said the following: “I once asked al-Rida’, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the amount of wheat, barley, dates or raisins for each person as al-Fitrah. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is one Sa’ of the Sa‘ of the prophet, ‘Alayhi al-Salam.”’

J'ai demandé à Abu al-Hasan al-Rida (que la paix soit sur lui) à propos de la fitra, combien doit-on donner pour chaque tête en blé, en orge, en dattes et en raisins ? Il a dit : un sa' pour chaque sa' du Prophète (que la prière d'Allah et Son salut soient sur lui et sa famille).

6. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn al-Hakam from Sayf ibn ‘Amirah from Ishaq ibn ‘Ammar who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about paying al-Fitrah one day earlier. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not harmful.’ I then asked, ‘Is it permissible to collect al-Fitrah and then turn it into waraq (cash) and give it to one Muslim person?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not harmful.’”

J'ai demandé à Abu Abdullah (que la paix soit sur lui) au sujet de l'anticipation du jeûne d'un jour, il a dit: "Il n'y a pas de mal." J'ai dit: "Et que penses-tu si nous le rassemblons, en faisons la valeur en argent, et le donnons à un seul homme musulman?" Il a dit: "Il n'y a pas de mal."

7. Muhammad ibn ‘Isma‘il has narrated from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Jamil ibn Darraj who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘It is not harmful to pay al-Fitrah for one’s dependents who are not present, and one can instruct his dependents to pay for him in case one is not present.’”

Il n'y a pas de mal à ce qu'un homme donne de l'argent à sa famille alors qu'ils sont absents de lui, et qu'il leur ordonne de donner en son absence.

8. A number of our people have narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Ali ibn Bilal who has said the following: “I once wrote to the man (the Imam), ‘Alayhi al-Salam, asking about the amount of al-Fitrah. He (the Imam) wrote the answer, ‘It is six Artal of dates by al-Madiniy Artal which is nine Artal by al- Baghdadiy ones.”’

Un groupe de nos compagnons de la part de Muhammad ibn 'Isa, de 'Ali ibn Bilal, a dit: J'ai écrit à l'homme (que la paix soit sur lui) pour lui demander au sujet de la fitra et combien doit être donné en aumône. Il a répondu en écrivant : Six artilles de dattes de Médine, ce qui équivaut à neuf artilles de dattes de Bagdad.

9. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ja’far ibn Ibrahim ibn Muhammad al-Hamadaniy who accompanied us to Hajj who has said the following: “I once wrote to abu al-Hassan, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, through my father asking, ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, our people have differences about al-Sa’. Certain ones among them say that it is al-Sa‘ al-Madaniy and others say it is al-‘Iraqiy al-Sa‘. He (the Imam) wrote the answer; ‘Al-Sa‘ is six Artal by al-Madaniy Artal, and nine by al-‘Iraqiy Artal.’ He (the Imam) informed me that it weighs one thousand nine hundred seventy Waznah (a certain unit of measurement).”’

[Le contenu principal du hadith a été traduit ci-dessus.]

10. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from ‘Abd Allah ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn al-Hakam from Dawud ibn al-Nu’man and Sayf ibn ‘Amirah from Ishaq ibn ‘Ammar who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a man who has an amount which is only sufficient for him if he can give it to an outsider destitute or himself and (his) family use it. He (the Imam) said, ‘He can give to one of his dependents who then gives to another and so on, one person gives to other one and it will be one al-Fitrah for all of them.’”

Un homme n'a rien de la fitra (nature innée) sauf ce qu'il accomplit de lui-même seul, il donne à un étranger ou lui et sa famille mangent. Il donne à certains de sa famille, puis il donne à l'autre de lui-même, ils le répètent et ils ont tous une seule fitra.

11. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Yunus from ‘Umar ibn ‘Udhaynah from Zurarah who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a man who receives al-Fitrah: if he is required to pay al-Fitrah. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, he is required to pay al-Fitrah from what he receives as al- Fitrah.’”

Le pauvre qui reçoit l'aumône doit s'acquitter de la Zakat al-Fitr en donnant de ce qu'il reçoit en aumône.

12. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Mu‘awiyah ibn ‘Ammar who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a new born on the night of al-Fitr; if there is al-Fitrah obligatory. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, al-Fitrah is not obligatory because the month is passed.’ I then asked, about a Jew who becomes a Muslim on the night of al-Fitr. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, al-Fitrah is not obligatory on him.’”

Il a dit : Non, le mois est déjà sorti. J'ai aussi demandé : Et qu'en est-il d'un Juif qui se convertit à l'Islam la nuit de la fête, est-il soumis à la nature de cette nuit-là ? Il a dit : Non.

13. Muhammad ibn al-Husayn has narrated from Muhammad ibn al-Qasim ibn al-Fudayl al-Basriy who has said the following: “I once wrote to abu al-Hassan, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, and asked if the executor of the will is required to pay al-Fitrah for the orphans if they have any assets. He (the Imam) wrote, ‘There is no al-Fitrah on orphans.’ I asked if a slave whose master dies who is in another location, and there is a certain amount of assets of his master in his hand; when the time for paying al-Fitrah comes: if he can pay for himself from the assets of his master, which has become assets of the orphans. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, he pays al-Fitrah for himself.’”

J'ai écrit au commandeur des croyants (Imam Ali) : "Est-ce que la zakat al-fitr est obligatoire pour les orphelins s'ils possèdent des biens ?" Il a répondu : "Il n'y a pas de zakat sur un orphelin. Quant à un esclave dont le maître décède alors qu'il est absent dans un autre pays et qu'il détient des biens pour son maître, et que le moment de la rupture du jeûne arrive, doit-il acquitter la zakat pour lui-même à partir des biens de son maître alors qu'il est devenu orphelin ?" Il a dit : "Oui."

14. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Yunus from those whom he has mentioned who has said the following: “I once said to abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, are people of remote villages required to pay al-Fitrah? He (the Imam) said, ‘al-Fitrah is on every one who consumes food, thus it is obligatory to pay from what one consumes.’”

La fitra est sur quiconque se nourrit, il lui incombe alors de donner de cette nourriture.

15. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from in a marfu‘ manner who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a man who lives in a remote village and is not able to pay al-Fitrah. He (the Imam) said, ’He is required to pay by four Artal of milk.”’

Il a été questionné au sujet d'un homme dans le désert qui ne peut pas jeûner, il a dit : "Il doit donner en aumône quatre mesures de lait."

16. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from al-Hassan ibn Mahbub from ‘Umar ibn Yazid who has said the following: “I once asked abu ’Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a man who has a guest from his brothers and the day of al-Fitrah comes; if he must pay al-Fitrah for him. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, al-Fitrah is obligatory for everyone whom you count of your dependents, male, female, children, grown up, free or slaves.’”

J'ai interrogé Abu 'Abdillah (sur lui la paix) au sujet de l'homme qui a un invité parmi ses frères et qui est présent le jour de la rupture du jeûne pour lui donner la rupture du jeûne. Il a dit : "Oui, la rupture du jeûne est obligatoire pour quiconque a des personnes à charge, qu'il s'agisse d'un mâle ou d'une femelle, jeune ou vieux, libre ou esclave."

17. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu ‘Umayr from certain persons of our people from Ishaq ibn ‘Ammar who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘It is not harmful to pay al-Fitrah for two, three, or four people to one man.’”

"Il n'y a aucun mal à ce qu'un homme donne à un autre homme pour deux, trois ou quatre têtes, se référant à la Fitr."

18. Ahmad ibn Muhammad from has narrated from al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id from Fadalah ibn Ayyub from al-Qasim ibn Yazid from Malik al- Juhaniy who has said the following: “I once asked abu Ja’far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about Zakat of al-Fitrah. He (the Imam) said, ‘Pay it to the Muslims. If you do not find one, pay to a Mustaz‘af (mentally and physically weak) or pay to your relatives, if you like.’”

J'ai interrogé Abu Ja'far (que la paix soit sur lui) au sujet de la Zakat al-Fitr. Il a dit : "Les musulmans la donnent. Si tu ne trouves pas de musulman, donne-la à un nécessiteux, et donne-la à un proche de ta parenté si tu le souhaites."

19. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Yunus from Ishaq ibn ‘Ammar who has said the following: “I once asked abu Ibrahim, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about al-Fitrah; if I can pay it to poor neighboring people who are not of the people of my Wilayah (people who believe in the Divine Authority of ’A’immah). He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, neighbors are more deserving because of the popularity (of fatwa about the privileges of neighbors).”’

J'ai demandé au sujet de la zakat al-fitr, si je peux la donner à des non-membres de ma famille parmi les pauvres de mes voisins. Il a répondu: Oui, les voisins en ont plus besoin en raison de leur proximité.

20. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad in a marfu‘ manner who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘It is permissible to pay Zakat al-Fitrah to a slave who has contracted his freedom, slave of one’s wife, his own Christian, Zoroastrian slave and those who have closed the door on themselves.’”

Un homme doit s'acquitter de la Zakat al-Fitr pour son esclave affranchi, l'esclave de sa femme, son esclave chrétien, son esclave zoroastrien et pour quiconque dépend de lui.

21. Abu Ali al-Ash’ariy has narrated from Muhammad ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Safwan ibn Yahya from Ishaq ibn ‘Ammar from Mu’attib who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, said to me, ‘Go and pay al-Fitrah for our dependents and pay for the slaves for all of them and do not leave anyone. If you left out a soul from them I will be afraid for the loss.’ I asked, ‘What kind of loss is it?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is death.’”

Il a dit : "Va et donne de notre part la zakat al-Fitr pour nos enfants, et donne-la aussi pour les esclaves, rassemble-les et ne laisse personne de côté, car si tu en laisses un, je crains pour lui la perte." J'ai demandé : "Et quelle est cette perte ?" Il a dit : "La mort."

22. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Bunan ibn Muhammad from his brother Ibrahim ibn Muhammad from Muhammad ibn ‘Isma‘il who has said the following: “I once sent a certain amount of dirham that belonged to me and someone else to abu al-Hassan, al- Rida’, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, and wrote to inform him that it is of al-Fitrah of the family. He (the Imam) wrote with his hand writing, ‘I received and accepted.’”

J'ai envoyé des dirhams à Abi al-Hasan al-Ridā (que la paix soit sur lui) pour moi et pour d'autres, et je lui ai écrit pour lui faire savoir que c'était une pratique naturelle des familles. Il a alors écrit de sa propre main : "Je les ai reçus et acceptés."

23. Abu al-‘Abbas al-Kufiy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from abu Ali ibn Rashid who has said the following: “I once asked him (the Imam) about al-Fitrah, ‘To whom does it belong?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It belongs to the Imam.’ I then asked, ‘Can I tell my people about it?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, if you like to cleanse certain ones among them.’ He (the Imam) then said, ‘It is not harmful to change the price of al-Fitrah in to wariq (cash).”’

La fitra appartient à l'Imam. Il est permis d'informer les compagnons et de supporter les frais pour cela en papier.

24. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd Allah from ‘Abd Allah ibn Ja’far from Ayyub ibn Nuh who has said the following: “I once wrote to abu al-Hassan, the third, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, that a (certain) people have asked me about al-Fitrah. They ask if they can bring its price to you. In the year before, this man had delivered to you. He had asked me to ask you but I had forgotten about it. This year I have sent you for every one of my dependents one dirham as price of nine Artal for one dirham. Grant us your decision, I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause. He (the Imam) wrote to me, ‘Questions about al- Fitrah have become so many and I dislike whatever leads to popularity (unnecessary propagation). Cut down its mention, accept from those who have given, and abstain from those who have not paid.’”

La fitra a été beaucoup interrogée à son sujet, et je déteste tout ce qui conduit à la renommée. Coupez donc court à cela et récupérez de celui qui a payé pour elle, et retenez de celui qui n'a pas payé.