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Chapitre
The Hajj of Adam, ‘Alayhi al-Salam
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1. Ali ibn Muhammad has narrated from Salih ibn abu Hammad from al-Husayn ibn Yazid from al-Hassan ibn Ali ibn abu Hamzah who has said the following: “Abu Ibrahim from abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Glorious, when Adam and his spouse were affected by the tree of wheat, expelled them from paradise and made them to descend to earth. Adam landed on al-Safa’ and Hawwa’ (Eve) landed on al- Marwah. Al-Safa’ is called by this name because it is derived from Adam’s name al-Mustafa’ (the chosen one) as Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Glorious, has said, “Allah chose Adam and Noah.” (3:33) Al-Marwah is called by this name because it is taken from the word al-Mar’ah (a woman). Adam then said to himself, “Allah has separated her from me is because she is not lawful for me anymore; had she been lawful for me she would descend with me on al-Safa’.” Adam waited away from Hawwa’. He would go to her at al-Marwah during the day and speak to her. At night, for fear that his desires may overcome him, would go back to al-Safa’ and pass the night there. Adam had no one beside Hawwa’ to comfort him and for this reason women are called al-Nisa’ (comforting). Hawwa’ was a source of comfort for Adam. Allah did not speak to him and did not send any messenger to him. Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Glorious, then accepted his repentance as a favor to him. He dictated to him certain words. Adam then spoke those words and Allah turned to him with the acceptance of his repentance. He then sent Jibril to him, who offered him the greeting of peace and said, “O repenting Adam, who has turned back from his mistakes and exercised patience on facing misfortune. Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Glorious, has sent me to you to teach the good deeds which when you practice will cleanse you.” He then took hold of his hand and moved to the site of the House. Allah sent a piece of cloud and it cast a shadow on the site of the House. The cloud was parallel to the established House in the heaven. Jibril said, “O Adam, draw a mark with your foot around the shadow of this cloud, that has covered the site. A house of diamond will soon emerge for you on this site, which will be a Qiblah for you and your descendants after you.” Adam did as he was told to do and Allah then made a house of diamond emerge for him under the cloud. Allah brought down the Black Stone, which at that time was intensely white, even more than milk and brighter than the sun. It turned black because of the pagans’ touch and because of their filth. Jibril commanded Adam to ask forgiveness from Allah for his sin, near all the reminders (of Allah) and would tell him that Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, has forgiven him. He commanded him to pick up pebbles, to throw on al-Jamar, from al-Muzdalifah (name of a place). When he arrived at the place of al-Jamar, Satan countered him and said, “O Adam, where are you going?” Jibril told Adam not to speak to him, pelt him with seven pebbles and say Takhir (Allah is great beyond description) with each throw. Adam did as he was told to do until he completed throwing pebbles on al-Jamar. He then commanded him to offer a sacrifice, the offering, which is done before throwing pebbles. He commanded him to shave his head to express humbleness before Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Glorious. Adam did as he was told to do. He (Jibril) then commanded him to visit the House, walk seven times around it and walk seven times between al-Safa’ and al-Marwah, beginning from al-Safa’ to end at al-Marwah. Thereafter walk seven times around the House, which is called Tawaf of women. Without this Tawaf, carnal relation remains unlawful. Adam completed this Tawaf and Jibril said to him, “Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Glorious, has forgiven your sin, accepted your repentance and your returning to Him. He has made your spouse lawful for you.” Adam then left, his sin was forgiven, his return to Allah was accepted and his spouse became lawful for him.’”
Isnādعَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ أَبِي حَمَّادٍ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ أَبِي إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم)
Dieu, exalté soit-Il, lorsque Adam et son épouse ont mangé du blé, les a expulsés du Paradis et les a fait descendre sur terre. Adam fut descendu sur Safa et Ève sur Marwa. Safa a été ainsi nommé car il est lié au nom d'Adam, le Choisi. Marwa a été nommé ainsi car il est lié au nom de la femme. Adam dit : "Ce qui nous sépare, c'est que ce qui est permis pour moi ne l'est pas pour elle. Si cela lui était permis, elle descendrait avec moi sur Safa. Mais elle m'est interdite à cause de cela, et c'est pourquoi nous avons été séparés. Adam resta seul, loin d'Ève. Il lui rendait visite le jour, lui parlant sur Marwa. Quand la nuit tombait et qu'il craignait d'être dominé par ses désirs, il retournait à Safa pour y passer la nuit. Adam n'avait pas de compagnon autre qu'Ève. C'est pourquoi les femmes ont été nommées ainsi, car Ève était la compagne d'Adam, à qui Dieu ne parlait pas directement ni n'envoyait de messager. Puis Dieu lui accorda Son pardon et l'accueillit avec des paroles. Lorsqu'il les prononça, Dieu lui pardonna et envoya l'ange Gabriel vers lui, disant : "Que la paix soit sur toi, ô Adam, le Repentant de ton péché, le Patient face à ton épreuve. Dieu m'a envoyé vers toi pour t'enseigner les rites par lesquels tu te purifieras." Il prit sa main et l'emmena vers l'endroit de la Maison. Dieu fit descendre sur lui un nuage qui ombragea l'endroit de la Maison. Le nuage se trouvait juste au-dessus de la Maison sacrée. Il dit : "Ô Adam, marche là où ce nuage t'ombre. Car une maison sera construite pour toi à partir de ce lieu, qui sera ta Qibla et celle de tes descendants après toi." Adam fit ainsi, et Dieu lui fit descendre une maison de lumière à partir de ce nuage. Dieu fit descendre la Pierre Noire, plus blanche que le lait et plus brillante que le soleil. Elle devint noire car les païens la touchaient, et de la souillure des païens vient la noirceur de la Pierre. L'ange Gabriel lui ordonna de demander pardon à Dieu pour son péché en tous lieux et de lui annoncer que Dieu lui avait pardonné. Il lui ordonna également de porter les pierres du rejeton de Jamarat depuis Muzdalifah. Quand il atteignit l'emplacement des Jamarat, Satan se présenta à lui. Gabriel lui dit de ne pas lui parler et de le lapider avec sept pierres, en glorifiant Dieu à chaque jet. Adam fit ainsi jusqu'à ce qu'il ait terminé de lapider les Jamarat. Il lui fut ensuite ordonné d'approcher le sacrifice, qui était l'animal offert en sacrifice, avant de lapider les Jamarat. Il lui fut ordonné de se raser la tête en signe d'humilité envers Dieu. Adam fit cela, puis il lui fut ordonné de visiter la Maison et de faire sept circumambulations, en commençant par Safa et en terminant par Marwa. Ensuite, il lui fut ordonné de faire sept autres circum
2. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Qalanisiy from Ali ibn Hassan from his uncle ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn Kathir who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that when Adam landed on al-Safa’ and it is called al- Safa’; al-Mustafa (the chosen one) landed there. For this reason it is called (al-Safa’); it is derived from Adam’s name al-Mustafa’ (the chosen one) as Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Glorious, has said, “Allah chose Adam and Noah, the family of Ibrahim and family of ‘Imran over the worlds.” (3:33) Hawwa’ (Eve) landed on al-Marwah. Al-Marwah is called by this name because it is taken from the word al-Mar’ah (a woman). Al-Safa’ and al-Marwah are two hills on the right side of al-Ka‘bah. Adam then said to himself, ‘Allah separated her from me; she is not lawful for me anymore. Adam waited away from Hawwa’. He would go to her at al-Marwah during the day and speak to her, and at night, for fear that his desires may overcome him, would go back to al-Safa’ and pass the night there. Adam had no one beside Hawwa’ to comfort him and for this reason women are called al-Nisa’ (comforting). Hawwa’ was a source of comfort for Adam. Adam waited in this condition as long as Allah wanted. Allah did not speak to him and did not send any messenger to him. The Lord, to who belongs glory, expressed pride before the angels because of Adam’s exercising patience. When the time came when Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Glorious, decided to accept his repentance, He sent Jibril to him who offered him the greeting of peace and said, “O repenting Adam, who has turned back from his mistakes and has exercised patience on facing misfortune. Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Glorious, has sent me to you to teach you the good deeds which when you practice will cleanse you.” He then took hold of his hand and moved to the site of the House. Allah sent a piece of cloud and it cast a shadow on the site of the House. Jibril said, “O Adam, draw a mark with your foot around the shadow of this cloud, that has covered the site. It will be a Qiblah for you and your descendents after you.” Adam did as he was told to do. He (Jibril) then left with him to Mina and showed him the Masjid of Mina. He, Adam, drew a line with his foot. He marked the site of the Sacred Masjid after marking the site of the House. He (Jibril) then left from Mina to ‘Arafat and made him to stay at al- Mu‘arraf. He (Jibril) said, “When it is sunset, confess to your sins seven times and ask forgiveness and repentance from Allah, seven times.” Adam did as he was told to do. For this reason it is called al- Mu‘arraf; Adam confessed there to his sin and made a tradition for his offspring to confess to their sin as Adam had done and that they should repent as Adam had done. Then he (Jibril) commanded him to leave ‘Arafat. He passed by the seven hills and he (Jibril) commanded him to say Takhir (Allah is great beyond description) near each hill four times. Adam did as he was told to do. He then arrived in Jam‘ by which time one third of the night had passed. He said his Maghrib and ‘Isha prayer without interval in between at that night at that place. He (Jibril) then commanded him to rest in Batha’, where Adam did so, until morning. He (Jibril) then commanded him to climb the hill of Jam‘ (al- Muzdalifah) when it is sunrise, confess to his sins seven times and ask Allah for forgiveness and repentance seven times. Adam then did as he (Jibril) had told him to do. He made it two confessions so it becomes a tradition for his offspring. Those of them who cannot attend ‘Arafat but can attend Jam‘ (al-Muzdalifah), their Hajj is good so far. He then left for Mina from Jam‘. At noontime, he arrived in Mina and he (Jibril) commanded him to pray two-Rak‘ats prayer in the Masjid of Mina. Then he (Jibril) commanded him to offer a sacrifice before Allah, so it is accepted from him, and take notice that Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Glorious, has turned to him, and it (offering sacrifice) becomes a tradition for his offspring. Adam offered a sacrifice. Allah accepted it from him and sent a fire from the sky. Adam’s sacrifice was accepted. He (Jibril) said, “O Adam, Allah has done a favor to you by teaching you the good deeds because of which He has turned to you and has accepted your sacrifice. Shave your head to express humbleness before Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Glorious, for His accepting your sacrifice.” Adam shaved his head to express humbleness before Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Glorious. He (Jibril) then held Adam’s hand and left toward the House. On the way, Satan countered him near al-Jamarah. Satan, may he be condemned, asked, “O Adam, where are you going?” He (Jibril) said to Adam, “Pelt him with seven pebbles and say Takhir (Allah is great beyond description) once with each pelting.” Adam did as he was told to do and Satan went away. He (Satan) encountered him again near the second al-Jamarah and asked, “O Adam, where are you going?” He (Jibril) said, “O Adam, pelt him with seven pebbles and say Takhir (Allah is great beyond description) seven times, once with each pelting.” Adam did as he was told to do and Satan went away. Satan then encountered him near the third al-Jamarah and asked, “O Adam, where do you want to go?” He (Jibril) said, “Pelt him with seven pebbles and say Takhir (Allah is great beyond description) seven times, once with each pelting.” Adam did as he was told to do and Satan went away. He (Jibril) said, “From this time on, you will not see him again.” He (Jibril) then left with him for the House and commanded him to do Tawaf (walk) around the House seven times. Adam did as was told to do. He (Jibril) said, to him, “Allah has forgiven your sin, accepted your repentance and has made your spouse lawful for you.”’” NOTE:Muhammad ibn abu ‘ Abd Allah has narrated from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn from Muhammad ibn Sinan from ‘Abd al-Karim ibn ‘Amr and Isma‘il ibn Hazim from ‘Abd al-Hamid ibn abu al-Daylam from abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, a similar Hadith.
Un groupe de nos compagnons de Sahl ibn Ziyad, d'Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Qalanisi, d'Ali ibn Hassan, de son oncle Abderrahman ibn Kathir, d'Abu Abdullah (sur lui la paix) a dit : "Certes, Adam (sur lui la paix) lorsqu'il descendit sur terre, il descendit sur Safa, c'est pourquoi on l'appelle Safa, car le Mustafa descendit sur lui. Un nom fut coupé de la montagne, un nom d'Adam, Allah dit : "Certes, Allah a élu Adam, Noé, la famille d'Abraham et la famille d'Imran parmi les mondes." Et Hawwa descendit sur Marwa, elle fut appelée Marwa car la femme descendit sur elle. Un nom fut coupé de la montagne, un nom de la femme. Ils sont deux montagnes à droite et à gauche de la Kaaba. Adam, lorsqu'il fut séparé d'elle, comme moi et ma femme sommes séparés, sauf qu'il lui fut interdit sur moi. Il se retirait d'elle et venait la voir le jour pour parler avec elle, mais la nuit, il craignait que son âme ne le domine sur elle, il partait alors et passait la nuit sur Safa. C'est pourquoi les femmes furent appelées ainsi, car Adam n'avait pas de compagnon autre qu'elle. Adam resta ainsi aussi longtemps que Dieu le voulut, il ne lui parlait pas et aucun messager ne lui était envoyé. Le Seigneur, exalté soit-Il, se vantait de la patience de Ses anges. Lorsque le moment voulu par Allah arriva pour qu'Adam se repente, Il lui envoya l'ange Gabriel (sur lui la paix) qui lui dit : "Paix sur toi, ô Adam, le patient, le repentant de son péché. Certes, Allah t'a envoyé pour t'enseigner les rites par lesquels Il veut que tu te repentes. Gabriel prit la main d'Adam jusqu'à ce qu'ils atteignent l'endroit de la Maison. Un nuage descendit du ciel et ombragea l'endroit de la Maison. Gabriel dit : "Ô Adam, trace une ligne avec ton pied là où l'ombre est, car c'est ta direction et celle de ta descendance à venir. Adam traca la ligne avec son pied là où l'ombre était, puis ils se dirigèrent vers Mina. Il vit une mosquée à Mina, il traça une ligne avec son pied et étendit la ligne de la Mosquée Sacrée après avoir tracé l'endroit de la Maison. Ils partirent de Mina pour Arafat, où il resta sur la colline. Gabriel lui dit : "Quand le soleil se couche, avoue ton péché sept fois et demande à Allah le pardon et la repentance sept fois." Adam fit ainsi, et c'est pourquoi le lieu fut appelé Arafat, car Adam y avoua son péché. Cela devint une sunna pour sa descendance, ils avouent leurs péchés comme Adam l'a fait et demandent le repentir comme Adam l'a fait. Ensuite, Gabriel lui ordonna de se rendre à Muzdalifah. Il passa devant les sept montagnes et on lui ordonna de faire le takbir quatre fois à chaque montagne. Adam le fit jusqu'à ce qu'il atteigne le rassemblement. Lorsqu'il arriva au rassemblement, un tiers de la nuit était passé, il rassembla le Maghrib et l'Isha cette nuit-là, un tiers de la nuit, à cet endroit. Gabriel lui ordonna de se prosterner sur le sol du rassemblement, et il se prosterna jusqu'à ce que l'aube se lève. Gabriel lui ordonna de monter sur la montagne du rassemblement et de confesser son péché sept fois lorsque le soleil se lève, et de demander à Allah le pardon et la repentance sept fois. Adam fit comme Gabriel lui avait ordonné. Cela devint une confession pour sa descendance, ceux qui n'atteignent pas Arafat mais atteignent le rassemblement ont accompli leur pèlerinage jusqu'à Mina. Ensuite, il partit du rassemblement pour Mina, atteignant Mina à midi. Gabriel lui ordonna de p
3. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Mu‘awiyah ibn ‘Ammar and Jamil ibn Salih who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that when Adam performed Tawaf around the House and ended by al-Multazam, Jibril said to him, “O Adam, (you must) confess your sins before your Lord at this place.” He (the Imam) has said, ‘Adam stood there and said, “O Lord, every worker has wages. I have worked. What are my wages?” Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Glorious, sent wahy (revelation) that said, “I have forgiven your sin.” He then asked, “O Lord, what will happen to my offspring and descendents?” Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Glorious, then sent revelation saying, “Whoever of your offspring will come to this place, confess his sins and return as you returned (repented), then ask for forgiveness, I will forgive.”’”
IsnādAli ibn Ibrahim a rapporté de son père, de Ibn Abi Umeyr, de Muawiya ibn Ammar, et de Jameel ibn Salih, de Abu Abdullah (que la paix soit sur lui)
Quand Adam a fait le tawaf autour de la Kaaba et est arrivé à al-Multazam, l'Ange Gabriel (que la paix soit sur lui) lui a dit : "Ô Adam, reconnais tes péchés devant ton Seigneur en ce lieu." Adam s'est arrêté et a dit : "Ô Seigneur, chaque travailleur mérite une récompense et j'ai travaillé, alors quelle sera ma récompense ?" Allah Tout-Puissant lui a révélé : "Ô Adam, J'ai pardonné ton péché." Adam a demandé : "Ô Seigneur, et pour mes enfants et ma descendance ?" Allah Tout-Puissant lui a révélé : "Ô Adam, quiconque de ta descendance vient en ce lieu, reconnaît ses péchés et se repent comme tu t'es repenti, alors s'il demande pardon, Je lui pardonne."
4. Ali has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Mu‘awiyah ibn ‘Ammar who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that when Adam left Mina (for Makkah), the angels met him saying, “Good for you is your Hajj; however, we have performed Hajj around this House two thousand years before your Hajj.’””
IsnādAli, rapportant de son père, de Ibn Abi Umair, de Muawiya ibn Ammar, de Abu Abdullah (que la paix soit sur lui)
Lorsque Adam sortit de Minâ, les anges vinrent à sa rencontre et lui dirent : "Ô Adam, accomplis ton pèlerinage, car nous avons accompli le pèlerinage de cette Maison avant que tu ne le fasses, il y a deux mille ans."
5. Muhammad ibn Yahya and others have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-‘Abbas ibn Ma‘ruf from Ali ibn Mahziyar from al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id from Ibrahim ibn abu al-Balad who has said the following: “Abu Bilal al-Makkiy narrated to me saying, ‘I saw abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, doing Tawaf around the House then say two Rak‘at salat (prayer) between the door and the Black Stone. I asked him, “I have not seen anyone of you say salat (prayer) at this place.’” He (the Imam) said, “This is the place where Adam received attention and forgiveness.’””
IsnādMuhammad ibn Yahya et d'autres, d'Ahmad ibn Muhammad, d'Al-Abbas ibn Ma'ruf, d'Ali ibn Mahziyar, d'Al-Husayn ibn Sa'id, d'Ibrahim ibn Abi al-Bilad, qui a dit: Abu Bilal al-Makki nous a informés, il a dit: J'ai vu Abu Abdullah (que la paix soit sur lui) faire le Tawaf autour de la Kaaba, puis il a prié deux unités de prière entre la porte et la Pierre Noire. Je lui ai dit: Je n'ai vu aucun d'entre vous prier à cet endroit. Il a dit: C'est l'endroit où Adam a fait pénitence.
J'ai vu Abu Abdullah (que la paix soit sur lui) faire le Tawaf autour de la Kaaba, puis il a prié deux unités de prière entre la porte et la Pierre Noire. Je lui ai dit: Je n'ai vu aucun d'entre vous prier à cet endroit. Il a dit: C'est l'endroit où Adam a fait pénitence.
6. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn Muhammad al-‘Alawiy who has said the following: “I once asked abu Ja’far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, ’How did Adam, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, perform Hajj and with what did he shave his head?’ He (the Imam) replied, ‘ Jibril descended with a piece of ruby from paradise, brushed his head with it and his hairs fell off.’”
IsnādMuhammad ibn Yahya a rapporté d'Ahmad ibn Muhammad, de Ali ibn Muhammad al-Alawi, qui a dit: J'ai interrogé Abu Ja'far (que la paix soit sur lui) au sujet d'Adam lorsqu'il a accompli le pèlerinage avec sa tête rasée. Il a dit: Gabriel (que la paix soit sur lui) est descendu sur lui avec une gemme du Paradis et lui a ordonné de la placer sur sa tête, ce qui a fait disperser ses cheveux.
Adam a été béni avec une gemme du Paradis par l'intermédiaire de l'ange Gabriel, qui a dispersé ses cheveux en la plaçant sur sa tête lorsqu'il a effectué le pèlerinage avec sa tête rasée.